Heinrich Beta

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Heinrich Beta (actually: Johann Heinrich Bettziech ) (born March 28, 1813 in Werben , † March 31, 1876 in Berlin ) was a German economist and publicist .

Life

Heinrich Beta was the son of Christian Gottfried Bettziech and Marie Sabine Schröter. The father was of Sorbian descent, the name of his family was originally spelled “Bettsciech” or “Budzitsch”.

Beta studied philology , philosophy and natural sciences at the University of Halle from 1834 to 1838 , where he was influenced by the philosophical views of Arnold Ruge . He wrote articles for the “ Halle Yearbooks for Art and Science ”, a well-known organ of “subversive social and cultural criticism” at the time. Beta was a Young Hegelian at that time .

After receiving his doctorate, he moved to Berlin in 1838 and became editor of the literary-critical part of Friedrich Wilhelm Gubitz 's Der Gesellschafter or Blätter für Geist und Herz . In 1844 he met Julius Faucher and John Prince-Smith , with whom he founded the Manchester-liberal Berlin Free Trade Association in 1846 . He married Franziska Thebesius (1817–1848), with whom he had their son Ottomar (1845–1913) in 1845 , who later became known as the author of anti-Semitic writings.

In the memoirs of a fugitive he later reported: “Yes, I can publicly boast that King Friedrich Wilhelm IV himself named me the first martyr of the press under his government, and its history - that of the new era - with confiscation my first book. "

Beta issued pamphlets during the 1848 revolution . Because of the ban on Krakehler's editor in Berlin , he is said to have threatened him with a sentence of “two to nine years” in prison . According to his own statements, he emigrated from Berlin to Lehmberg in Denmark on the Baltic Sea and in 1849 to London .

In 1850, while in exile in London, Beta had an illegitimate daughter named Clara with Mathilde Rolf, whom he married in 1852 or 1853. Regular contributions from London to Ernst Keil's gazebo and popular science magazines secured his existence and influenced the German bourgeoisie 's image of England. In 1859 he was one of the initiators of the London Schiller Festival together with Gottfried Kinkel . After the general amnesty in 1861 when Wilhelm I of Prussia ascended the throne , he returned to Germany and published articles in German and foreign magazines. Alfred Brehm's book on fish farming attracted a great deal of attention . Beta had suffered from gout in the last few years of her life and was dependent on a wheelchair.

Beta is shown in a group picture by Ludwig Löffler "Berlin writers on a country party on the Schlachtensee", which he u. a. with Fanny Lewald , Louise Mühlbach , Otto Roquette , Adolf Stahr , Julius Rodenberg and Theodor Fontane shows.

Beta - Freiligrath - Marx

Beta wrote an article about Freiligrath and at the same time launched a personal attack on Marx.

“ Karl Marx , the master in excitement and dissemination of grim disgust for democracy, which he tried to represent in a poisonous and witty way in the most insane communist aberration and in poisonous hatred against all, including democratic non-communists. We cannot associate idolatry with our sacred veneration of the poet. Therefore it must be said here that Freiligrath, under the influence of this unfortunate virtuoso of hatred, who wrote a great deal of wit but never a noble thought, lost his voice, his freedom, his strength of character. Since Karl Marx breathed on him, Freiligrath sang not often anymore. "

- B .: : Ferdinand Freiligrath. Life sketch with portrait . In: Die Gartenlaube , Heft 43, 1859, p. 620.

“As for the 'intrigues' of Kinkel etc. against him, he had to thank himself for that alone. Why is he mean to the guys? At last I wished to know what No. 43 of the 'Gazebo' was. Then it came out that Mr. Freiligrath was on very intimate terms with Mr. Beta, had entertained him in his own house and had 'tolerated' Beta a praising biography of himself and his family's apotheosis, but was only angry that Beta in the end ( of course on Kinkel's order) Fs poetry can be destroyed at the same time as its character - by me. It is my fault that Herr Freil, who was never very fruitful in originals, has been banking instead of poetry for years. Mr. Freil was not ashamed in front of me that he had talked to Lump Beta, the former sub-editor of Louis Drucker's 'Howdoyoudo?' encanaillates. Nor the crude flattery of the mean guy. It choked him that he appeared to the audience as 'influenced' by me. It was not clear to him whether or not to explain anything about it. Only the fear of a counter-declaration on my part keeps him off. The guy thinks it's 'natural' that when he lets a fart he shouted hello; that on the one hand he serves Mammon and on the other the 'priest of the muse'; that its practical lack of character is theoretically praised as a 'political virtue'. Humans are sensitive to the smallest needle stick. He treats his little comedy bickering behind the scenes with Gottfried as important intrigues. […] People think that my wife has to gratefully accept the meanness against me in front of the audience, knowing that Ms. Freil is being glorified and celebrated and that even his little Käthchen, who doesn't understand German, has this silly goose, the German Philistines is recommended. Man also has no trace of friendly sympathy. [...] Nevertheless, I cannot and must not achieve an éclat with this fellow . "

- Karl Marx : to Friedrich Engels November 19, 1859. Marx-Engels-Werke Volume 29, pp. 512-513

“A tasteless article about me in No. 43 the 'gazebo' (with a good portrait) actually amused me more than annoyed me, although the way in which it illuminates the position on Marx is just as simple-minded as it is entirely devoid of any justification. The fact is that the article comes from a blind follower of Kinkel who, like the whole clique, cannot forgive me for maintaining my personal friendly relations with Marx. [...] In any case, Marx has the merit of having dug up all the old spite for some time - but Kinkel should only shut up. […] The above notes about Kinkel, Marx cc. are only for you - not for the bell! I ask you very much to consider them confidentially. "

- Freiligrath : to Heinrich Koester November 26, 1859

“I don't know if you read a tasteless article about me in Gazebo No. 43 have read. My position on Marx was presented completely wrongly. I am entirely independent of Marx, but of course also from - Kinkel, from whose closest circle that stupidity arose. For a long time every clique has done its best to draw me over to them ( NB . My previous party position to Marx, in 1848/49, has become a purely personal one over the years), u. because I [...] now experience that gazebo failure from the Kinkel side [...]. "

- Freiligrath : to Karl Buchner November 30, 1859

Quotes

“The Hermann article comes from a certain Heinrich Beta (called Bettziech in his home town), a man of letters from the Prussian province of Saxony, who began his journalistic career around 1837 as a member of the Berlin newspaper Der Gesellschafter . In the forties he switched to joking and edited a joke sheet about Berlin: the relay . He is not a real refugee insofar as there is no judicial verdict against him; he was probably expelled from Berlin after 1848, whereupon he went to London. Here he wrote a joke sheet in 1851 entitled How do you do . He is a collaborator at Brockhaus'schen Conversationslexicon , a Stuttgart illustrated paper and other German journals half fiction, half political content. During the stay here of the Prussian agent Fontane , he was his literary assistant. He recently published a London tourist guide (Leipzig bei Weber). "

- Edgar Bauer : to Cosmus Brǽstrup October 20, 1859.

“Readers of the first four or five years will remember with pleasure the excellent accounts from overseas countries, but especially from London, which appeared in almost every issue of our magazine from 1853 to 1857. At that time, in spite of the guaranteed freedom of the press, every word still had to be carefully weighed, and Beta understood admirably how, in the most innocent and harmless form of description, all the principles and questions of freedom for which we had previously fought and suffered. His fine feeling for everything noble and humane, his relentless striving to benefit humanity and especially the poorer ones, his keen and practical eye, made him a truly ingenious scout in search of materials, which he all in the interests of the people and knew how to utilize humanity. Whether 'African palm oil' or 'London Crystal Palace', whether 'market halls' or 'hospitals' - he knew how to find the good core and the useful application for promoting the general welfare everywhere and to motivate it in a lovable, warm and witty way. Even if a bit fleeting and sanguine here and there - these articles were all stimulating and refreshing and had a lot and lasting effect. "

- Ernst Keil : Heinrich Beta . In: The Gazebo . Leipzig 1876, p. 194

Works (selection)

  • Desire to become part of the Hallischer Poet Association . Eduard Anton, Halle 1838 ( including poems by Heinrich Bettziech)
  • Heinrich Beta: The Jubilee Year 1840 and its ancestors. Past as present . Berlin 1840
  • Heinrich Beta: The Nibelungenlied as a people's book . In new Germanization. Association bookstore, Berlin 1840. books.google.de
  • Heinrich Bettzich (Beta): Money and Spirit. Attempt to sift through and redeem the working people's power . AW Hayn, Berlin 1845 books.google.de
  • Beta: Berlin and Potsdam. Your past, present and future . J. Poppel and M. Kurz, Munich 1846. Digitized facsimile edition: Jürgen Schacht, Berlin 1977 .
  • Heinrich Beta: Beta's Free Trade Catechism . A. Weinholz, Berlin 1847
  • Berlin's revolutionary celebration on June 4th, 1848 . Leopold Schlesinger, Berlin 1848 (leaflet)
  • H. Beta: Register of sins of the Prussian government since the revolution: honesty is the best policy . Schlesinger, Berlin 1848 (leaflet)
  • Beta: Mr. Schampelmeier's humorous pilgrimages. First ride . Schlesinger, Berlin (1848)
  • H. Beta: Berlin to the provincial agitators. A true word about the distinction between lies and truth. Berlin is to blame for everything! The farmer wants to contribute to the destruction of Berlin . Hirschfeld, Berlin 1848 (leaflet)
  • Beta: The red flag will fly across Europe! A prophecy of the new Preussische Zeitung . Friedrich Gerhard, Berlin 1850 books.google.de
  • Beta: Germany's fall and rise through America . JCJ Raabé & Comp., Cassel 1851 hs-fulda.de
  • Heinrich Bettziech Beta: Benjamin Franklin . His life, thoughts and work . FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1853 (Entertaining instructions for the promotion of general education: Eighteenth volume)
  • H. Bettziech-Beta: The Crystal Palace at Syndenham, its art galleries, its park and its geological island . JJ Weber, Leipzig 1856 ("Weber Illustrirte Travel Library") Text archive - Internet Archive
  • E.g. Ferdinand Freiligrath. Life sketch with portrait . In: Die Gartenlaube , Heft 43, 1859, pp. 618–620
  • H. Beta: A German free trade apostle . In: Die Gartenlaube , No. 17, 1863, pp. 266–270
  • H. Beta: German fruits from England. Stories and experiences . 2 volumes, Grunow, Leipzig 1865
  • H. Beta: From the heart of the world. Tales based on experiences . 2 volumes, Grunow, Leipzig 1866
  • H. Beta: The management of the water and the harvests from it . Wintersche Verlagshandlung, Leipzig / Heidelberg 1868, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  • H. Beta: New works and hints for the management of water (hydronomy) . Wintersche Verlagshandlung. Leipzig and Heidelberg 1870 digitized
  • H. Beta: The city poisons and their conversion into new sources of money and life under the direction of a German health parliament . Wilh. Logiers' bookstore, Berlin 1870, ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de
  • Heinrich Beta: The New German Empire based on Germanic nature and history . Wintersche Verlagshandlung. Leipzig and Heidelberg 1871
  • H. Beta: The secret media and immorality industry in the daily press . Lüderitz'sche Verlagsbuchh., Carl Habel, Berlin 1872 (German Time and Issues, Volume I, Volume 11)
  • H. Beta: The poetry of the stock exchange . Lüderitz'sche Verlagsbuchh., Carl Habel, Berlin 1873 (German Time and Disputes II Issue 32)
  • H. Beta: The Mermaid's Cave. Story from English life . F. Stamm's publishing expedition, Leitmeritz (1890) (Abend-Blätter. Delivery 148–177)

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Johann Heinrich Bettziech  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wilfried Eymer: Eymers pseudonyms lexicon. Real names and pseudonyms in German literature . Kirschbaum Verlag, Bonn 1997, ISBN 3-7812-1399-4 , p. 27.
  2. ^ Ludwig Julius Fränkel: Beta, Heinrich. In: A llgemeine Deutsche Biographie . Volume 46, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1902, p. 486.
  3. ↑ H. Beta: Memories of a Fugitive [I. to IV.]. In: Magazine for foreign literature . Edited by Joseph Lehmann. Berlin 1864 digitized
  4. ↑ Berlin Krakehler. (PDF)
  5. ↑ H. Beta: Memories of a Fugitive . I. In: Joseph Lehmann (Hrsg.): Magazine for literature from abroad . Berlin 1864. No. 25, p. 388.
  6. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public, 1848–1914 . 2nd, supplementary edition. Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, p. 454, 475 f .
  7. ↑ In: Über Land und Meer , Volume 15, 1866, p. 73
  8. ^ Helmuth Nürnberger : Fontane's world . Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-88680-582-4 , p. 217. - See also Klaus-Peter Möller: Far from the vortex of the big city in the great outdoors, a brother festival . In: Fontane-Blätter , Potsdam, Heft 88, 2009, pp. 20–48.
  9. ↑ Ida Freiligrath
  10. ↑ Käthe Freiligrath, daughter of Freiligrath.
  11. ↑ MEW Volume 29, p. 511 ff.
  12. ^ Manfred Häckel: Freiligrath's correspondence with Marx and Engels . Part 1. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968, p. LXXXV.
  13. ^ Manfred Häckel: Freiligrath's correspondence with Marx and Engels . Part 1. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968, p. LXXXVI.
  14. ↑ Hermann. German weekly newspaper from London. January 8, 1859 to December 24, 1869.
  15. ↑ The relay . Frei, Augsburg 1849.
  16. ↑ In: Edgar Bauer. Confidential reports on European emigration in London 1852–1861 . Trier 1989 ( writings from Karl-Marx-Haus 38) ISBN 3-926132-06-X , p. 528 f.
personal data
SURNAME Beta, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bettziech, Johann Heinrich (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist, publicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1813
PLACE OF BIRTH Advertise (Delitzsch)
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1876
Place of death Berlin