Heinrich Conradi

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Heinrich Wilhelm Conradi (born March 22, 1876 in Frankfurt am Main , † April 26, 1943 in Dresden ; also Heinz Conradi ; birth name Heinrich Wilhelm Cohn ) was a German bacteriologist and hygienist in the Saxon State Health Office and at the Technical University of Dresden . Although a “ front-line fighter ”, he lost his job in 1935 due to the First Ordinance to the Reich Citizenship Law , his license to practice medicine in 1938 and finally diedEaster 1943 in the Dresden police prison.

Live and act

Conradi was born Heinrich Wilhelm Cohn in 1876. The boy of Jewish origin was baptized Protestant in 1892 and was given the surname Conradi. Conradi studied medicine and graduated in 1899 with a doctorate in medicine in Strasbourg. med. from. The topic of the work was "On questions of toxin formation in anthrax bacteria".

From 1901 he worked for almost ten years as Robert Koch's assistant in Berlin. During this time, together with Wilhelm von Drigalski , he developed special nutrient media for detecting typhus pathogens (Conradi Drigalski nutrient media ). By 1920 Conradi had published a total of 58 scientific publications on diphtheria , typhus and gas fire in such renowned magazines as the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift , the Münchner Medizinische Wochenschrift or the "Centralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infectious Diseases und Hygiene".

After his time in Berlin, he moved to Dresden , where he completed his habilitation at the Dresden University of Technology and received his teaching license . From 1913 he had a teaching position as a private lecturer at the medical faculty.

Conradi took part in the First World War as a medical officer.

In his main job, Conradi worked as a civil servant head of the bacteriological department of the Central Office for Public Health Care in the Saxon State Health Office , where the renowned hygienist and bacteriologist made it up to the medical council .

The professor only lost his civil service position and his teaching qualification after the First Ordinance on the Reich Citizenship Act of November 14, 1935 , due to his combatant privilege . When Jewish doctors were banned from practicing their profession in 1938 due to the fourth ordinance on the Reich Citizenship Act of July 25, 1938, he lost his license to practice medicine on September 30 of that year and was still allowed to treat Jewish patients as a so-called “ medical practitioner ” with a “revocable permit” regulated there .

Gravestone for Heinz Conradi in the New Jewish Cemetery in Dresden

From 1931 to 1933 at the latest, Conradi lived in the now listed villa of Moritz Ziller , one of the two former owners of the Ziller Brothers construction company , in Augustusweg 5 (formerly Arndtstrasse 8) in the Radebeul district of Serkowitz . After two changes of apartment within Radebeul in 1935 and 1938, Conradi, who lived in a so-called “ privileged mixed marriage ” with his wife Margarete , had to move to a “ Jewish house ” in Dresden in 1940 because he had been obliged to do forced labor in the Zeiss-Ikon factory.

On Maundy Thursday, April 22, 1943, Conradi bought radishes in the market hall at Antonsplatz . He was denounced, arrested by the Gestapo and taken to the Dresden police headquarters . As an offense, he was charged with the fact that, firstly, according to the law on the sale of food to Jews of May 31, 1942, he was not allowed to buy goods in short supply such as radishes, and, second, because of the ordinance of May 29, 1942, he had not entered the market hall and that, thirdly, he would have tried to cover up his Jewish star, which he denied.

The chronicler of Jewish events in Dresden, the writer Victor Klemperer , noted in his diary entry from April 25, 1943: "So Conradi might die from that ...". On April 26, 1943, Easter Monday of that year, Conradi's wife was informed that her husband had died in police headquarters. The reason given was that he poisoned himself. Whether his wife smuggled a poison into Gestapo custody for him in order to save him further humiliation, torture and being sent to a concentration camp , or whether he died as a result of treatment in the Gestapo prison, could not be clarified with any certainty.

Conradi's tombstone bears the name Heinz Conradi , as he was born by his wife Margarete. Naumann was called. Conradi is buried in the New Jewish Cemetery in Dresden next to his wife, who survived him until 1953.

On April 26, 2006, a “memorial” was unveiled in front of the Dresden police headquarters, commemorating the killing of Heinrich Conradi, Fritz Meinhardt and Arthur Juliusburger.

literature

  • Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945 . Extended and revised edition. Major district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008, ISBN 978-3-938460-09-2 .
  • Jaqueline Hippe: The hygienist and bacteriologist Heinrich Wilhelm Conradi (1876 to 1943). Life and work with special consideration of the fate in the time of fascism . Unpublished dissertation TU Dresden (Med. Fac.) 1994. ( Proof of title )
  • Caris-Petra Heidel; Jaqueline Hippe: The hygienist and bacteriologist Heinrich Wilhelm Conradi (1876 to 1943). His fate in the time of National Socialism . In: Journal for medical training and quality in health care 91 (1997) 6, pp. 569-576. ISSN  0044-2178
  • Volker Hofmann: The chess table. In memory of Heinrich Wilhelm Conradi . In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen 18 (2007) 12, pp. 631–633. ( Available as pdf (175 kB) )
  • Albrecht Scholz: Jewish Doctors in Dresden in the 20th Century . In: Between Integration and Annihilation. Jewish life in Dresden in the 19th and 20th centuries . Dresdner Hefte, Heft 45 (14th year, 1996, No. 1), pp. 63-71.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The question of radishes or: Against the discretion of the vague
  2. ↑ a b Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945 . Extended and revised edition. Major district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008, p. 55.
  3. ↑ a b c Volker Hofmann: The chess table. In memory of Heinrich Wilhelm Conradi . In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen 18 (2007) 12, pp. 631–633.
  4. ↑ Professor Dr. med. Heinz Conradi
  5. ↑ a b Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945 . Extended and revised edition. Major district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008, p. 23.
  6. ↑ Ingrid Lewek; Wolfgang Tarnowski: Jews in Radebeul 1933–1945 . Extended and revised edition. Major district town of Radebeul / City Archives, Radebeul 2008, p. 39.
  7. ↑ a b Victor Klemperer's diary entry from 25./26. April 1943 on the Conradi events ( memento of the original from February 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www1.jur.uva.nl
  8. ↑ a b c Laurenz Demps; CF Rüter; L. Hekelaar Gombert; Dirk Welmoed de Mildt: GDR justice and Nazi crimes: Collection of East German criminal judgments for Nazi homicidal crimes. Seminarium voor Criminal Law and Criminal Law Administration "Van Hamel" (Universiteit van Amsterdam). Amsterdam University Press, 2002. p. 84.
  9. ^ Albrecht Scholz: Jewish Doctors in Dresden in the 20th Century . In: Between Integration and Annihilation. Jewish life in Dresden in the 19th and 20th centuries . Dresdner Hefte, Heft 45 (14th year, 1996, no.1), p. 68.
  10. ↑ Katja Solbrig: A map of the memorials: memory. In future, information boards will point out places associated with Jewish history in the city. In: Sächsische Zeitung of April 26, 2006. Online (fee required), accessed on May 28, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Conradi, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Conradi, Heinrich Wilhelm; Conradi, Heinz; Cohn, Heinrich Wilhelm (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German bacteriologist and hygienist
DATE OF BIRTH March 22, 1876
PLACE OF BIRTH Frankfurt am Main
DATE OF DEATH April 26, 1943
Place of death Dresden