Heinrich Friedrich Francke

Heinrich Friedrich Francke , pseudonym: JH Rausse (born August 18, 1805 in Güstrow ; † July 12, 1848 in Alexandersbad ), was a German naturopath , hydropath (expert in hydrology ) and specialist writer, active in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and in the Kingdom of Bavaria .

pseudonym

Heinrich Friedrich Francke received the beer name " Roß " (in French alienated transcription "Rausse") due to his vital performance strength during his numerous courses . Under the pseudonym J. H. Rausse he published several writings on hydrotherapy, a. a.

Life

Heinrich Friedrich Francke grew up in Mecklenburg-Schwerin as the oldest child from the second marriage of the Güstrow cathedral preacher and (later) superintendent Heinrich Francke (1766-1838). Constantly ailing, he came to the cathedral school at the age of eleven , which he finished with his Abitur at Easter 1824. He then studied theology in Halle (Saale) , Jena , Rostock and Berlin until 1828 without attaining a degree in this subject. Refusing to take up his spiritual profession, he also listened to philosophical, medical and scientific lectures and changed subjects several times. Influenced by the natural philosophy of Rousseau , he then attended the Aschaffenburg Forest Academy . After his exams as a forest taxator and forest geometer in 1830, he first set out on a trip through southern Germany and northern Italy. A trip to England and America, where he stayed for a long time with the Osage Indians (motivated by his longing for “green nature experience”) , he processed in the book “Travel Scenes from Two Worlds”, published in 1836. In North America he fell ill with yellow fever and returned to Germany in 1837, where he wanted to be treated by Vincenz Prießnitz , who was “completely in disrepair” .

Hydrological work

After a successful water cure (cold water treatment) in 1838 in the Graefenberg water sanatorium in Silesia near Prießnitz, although he continued to suffer from "paroxysmal vomiting", he was enthusiastic about this topic, and changed the procedure in a rented house on the Graefenberg according to his own needs. The option to take over the management of the Swiss cold water sanatorium in Buchenthal in 1843 did not materialize. Francke founded in 1844 on the Plau , supported by a local landowner initially in the Manor House in Suckow temporarily accommodated and a few months later in 1845 (bathroom) Stuer a cold water sanatorium, whose leader he remained until 1847th In April 1847 he ran a cold water sanatorium in Lehsen near Wittenburg . After the water sanatorium there became too small for him and he had ongoing disputes with the Grand Ducal Mecklenburg district physicist of Plau, Johann Ludwig Dornblüth , and as a result he was refused a building permit, he took over the management of the von Dr. Georg Fickenscher in 1840 founded cold water healing facility in Alexandersbad in the Fichtelgebirge (He had also declined a call to Málaga made in 1847, mediated by Prießnitz ). As a spa director, he bought the Alexandersbad water sanatorium. He died shortly afterwards early and unexpectedly at the age of 43 in July of the same year in Alexandersbad, today's Bad Alexandersbad, of a " narrowing of the stomach outlet " as a result of a chronic inflammation of the duodenum (possibly in connection with his previous yellow fever ) . The pharmacist Theodor Hahn , who was born in Ludwigslust and enjoyed Francke's treatments in Lehsen in 1847/48, became his most important pupil and, as an editor, disseminated his teachings.

Work and aftermath

In contrast to Prießnitz and the two Hahns, Francke , who was less influenced by Rousseau than by the Hufeland tradition, in his naturopathic concept, which incorporates the content of humoral pathology , did not see water as a remedy, but only as a roborans (tonic) to remove disease-causing substances from the body and thus hydropathy as a means for the organism to heal itself.

Francke's first water medicine book ( Der Geist der Graefenberger Wassercur ) appeared in 1838 shortly after his departure from Silesia. In 1839 he wrote his critical treatise “Wasser thut's course” and thus became a critic and reformer of previous healing methods . This started an extremely controversial discussion, which in 1860 led to Theodor Sommerfeld's reply, "Of course, water doesn't do it". Over 30 years later this discussion was still present, so that Johannes Reinelt was able to achieve great success with his comedy “Wasser thut's course”.

Francke was only able to complete the manuscript for the first volume and part of the second volume for the large-scale work Instructions for the Practice of Hydroponics . The entire three-volume work and more from Francke's complete work was then completed and edited by Theodor Hahn (The third volume, The Treatment of Chronic Disease Signs , appeared in 1852 and, in addition to hydrotherapeutic and dietary measures, also contains the recommendation of a meat-free, lacto-vegetarian-vegetarian diet, as she met Francke in 1837 at Prießnitz.).

Publications (selection)

Travel scenes from two worlds . Güstrow 1836 ( digitized version ); 2nd edition Quedlinburg 1840.
The star of love. Zeitz 1838.
The spirit of the Graefenberger water cure. Zeitz 1838 ( digitized 2nd edition, 1839)
Of course water does it! Miscelles for the Graefenberger water cure. Julius Schieferdecker, Zeitz 1839. ( digitized version of the 2nd edition from 1840, with many additions). [Numerous further editions and translations, five to 1858, last 7th edition ad T. The spirit or philosophy of naturopathy . Frauendorf 1919]
Description of the hydrotherapy institute in Stuer near Plau in Mecklenburg, founded and directed by the author. J. Schieferdecker, Zeitz 1846.
Outlines of the disease doctrine. Zeitz 1846.
Description of the Lehsen hydrotherapy institute near Wittenburg in Meklenburg ... Parchim, Ludwigslust 1847.
About the most common medical mistakes in using water as a remedy. In addition to a treatise on the absorption and deposition of poisons and medicines in the living animal body and a criticism of the treatment method of Vincenz Prießnitz . Schieferdecker, Zeitz 1847 ( digitized version ).
Instructions for practicing hydrotherapy for anyone who knows how to read. First division. Edited by Theodor Hahn . Ernst Keil Comp., Leipzig 1850 ( digitized version ).
JH Rausse, Theodor Hahn: Instructions for practicing hydrotherapy for everyone who knows how to read. Edited by Theodor Hahn. 3 volumes, Ernst Keil & Comp., Leipzig 1850–1852.
JH Rausse: Basic teachings of nature or water science or the spirit of the Graefenberger water cure . After the author's death, reviewed, enlarged and edited [by Theodor Hahn]. , Leipzig: Magazin für Literatur, 1852. ( digitized version ).

literature

Hubertus Averbeck: From cold water therapy to physical therapy. Reflections on people and at the time of the most important developments. Europäische Hochschulverlag, Bremen 2012, ISBN 978-3-86741-782-2 , pp. 224–229.
Alfred Brauchle : Naturopathy as a water cure and vegetarianism. The pharmacist Theodor Hahn. In: the same: history of naturopathy in life pictures. 2nd ext. Ed. Reclam-Verlag, Stuttgart 1951, pp. 164-174.
Alfred Brauchle: The first folder. The forester and writer JH Rausse. The critic of Prießnitz. In: the same: history of naturopathy in life pictures. 2nd ext. Edition: by Große Naturärzte . Reclam-Verlag, Stuttgart 1951, pp. 118-133.
Uwe Heyll: water, fasting, air and light. The history of naturopathy in Germany. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / New York 2006. ISBN 978-3-593-37955-5 .
Ernst Kapp: JH Rausse, the reformer of hydrotherapy. Hamburg 1850. ( digitized at books.google.com)
Gundolf Keil : Vegetarian. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 29–68, here: pp. 42–49.
Hellmut Löffler: Naturopathy from A – Z. Moewig Verlag, Rastatt 1993, ISBN 3-8118-3113-5 .
Johannes Reinelt: Of course, water does it. Comedy. Leipzig 1892.
Karl Eduard Rothschuh : Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. Stuttgart 1983; Reprint Darmstadt 1986, pp. 20-25.
Theodor Sommerfeld: Of course, water doesn't do it. Wilde-Verlag, Berlin 1903.
Bernhard Uehleke : Rausse, JH In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil, Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Encyclopedia of medical history. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005. ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1216.
Of course water does . In: The Gazebo . Issue 11, 1853, pp. 112–116 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
Dieter Melchart; Rainer Brenke: Naturopathic Treatment. Guide for medical training, further education and training. Stuttgart / New York 2008 ( digitized at books.google.com)

Web links

Literature about Heinrich Friedrich Francke in the state bibliography MV

Remarks

↑ Not: Franke .
↑ Not as is often assumed as the author's name: Johann Heinrich Rausse .
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 29-68, here (cited) p. 42.
↑ The father's second marriage to Auguste von Kamptz (1785–1836) was concluded on October 4, 1804. The statement widespread in the literature that Heinrich Friedrich Francke is the fifth child from the father's second marriage is misinformation. Francke may have had four older half-siblings (only one half-brother is known by name, David Francke (1792–1865), later pastor in Groß Upahl ), but all of them would have to come from his father's first marriage. His father had a total of 12 children, several of whom died early.
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 43.
^ Karl Eduard Rothschuh: Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. 1983, p. 23.
^ Karl Eduard Rothschuh: Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. 1983, p. 20.
^ Bernhard Uehleke: Rausse, JH 2005, p. 1216.
↑ Hubertus Averbeck: From the cold water cure to physical therapy. Reflections on people and at the time of the most important developments in the 19th century . Europäische Hochschulverlag, Bremen 2012, ISBN 978-3-86741-782-2 , p. 225.
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 44 and 46.
↑ JH Rausse: Description of the water sanatorium in Stuer near Plau in Mecklenburg, founded and directed by the author. J. Schieferdecker, Zeitz 1846, pp. 10–12 ( limited preview in Google book search).
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 44.
↑ Hubertus Averbeck: From the cold water cure to physical therapy. Considerations on people and at the time of the most important developments in the 19th century 2012, p. 226 f.
^ Bernhard Uehleke : Medical history workshop on the history of naturopathic treatment in Bad Alexandersbad. [1989]. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 18, 1999, pp. 572-575.
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 44 f.
↑ Alfred Brauchle : The history of naturopathy in life pictures. Stuttgart 1951, p. 123.
^ Karl Eduard Rothschuh: Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. 1983, p. 21.
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 43 f.
↑ Theodor Hahn: Cholera and its treatment with cold water, according to Rausse's principles and based on personal practical experience. Schwerin / Rostock 1849, p. 4
↑ Eva Barlösius: A natural lifestyle. On the history of life reform at the turn of the century, Campus Verlag 1997, p. 67 ff. And Dieter Melchart, Rainer Brenke: Naturheilverfahren. Guide for medical training, further education and training . Schattauer, Stuttgart New York 2008, p. 572. - Whether Hahn was actually a cousin of Francke, like Alfred Brauchle: Naturopathy as a water cure and vegetarianism. The pharmacist Theodor Hahn , p. 166, claims is uncertain. The previous detailed genealogical knowledge of Francke's family environment and ancestors does not provide any indication or explanatory approach. Hahn himself writes "to my dear friend and teacher" (ibid., P. 4).
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 44–47.
↑ Hubertus Averbeck: From the cold water cure to physical therapy. Considerations on people and at the time of the most important developments in the 19th century 2012, p. 226.
↑ On the title page of a later edition of it, he mockingly called himself "a really secret magician and great medic among the tribe of the Snake Indians, a corresponding member of all academies and learned societies in the countries of the Karaibs and Hottentots, knights of innumerable orders from the states of Lichtenhain, Ziegenhain and Passendorf etc. "
^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 45–47.

personal data
SURNAME	Francke, Heinrich Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Francke, Heinrich F .; Rausse, JH (pseudonym); Franke, Heinrich Friedrich (wrong name form)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German expert in hydrology
DATE OF BIRTH	August 18, 1805
PLACE OF BIRTH	Guestrow
DATE OF DEATH	July 12, 1848
Place of death	Alexandersbad

[1] Not: Franke .

[2] Not as is often assumed as the author's name: Johann Heinrich Rausse .

[3] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 29-68, here (cited) p. 42.

[4] The father's second marriage to Auguste von Kamptz (1785–1836) was concluded on October 4, 1804. The statement widespread in the literature that Heinrich Friedrich Francke is the fifth child from the father's second marriage is misinformation. Francke may have had four older half-siblings (only one half-brother is known by name, David Francke (1792–1865), later pastor in Groß Upahl ), but all of them would have to come from his father's first marriage. His father had a total of 12 children, several of whom died early.

[5] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 43.

[6] Karl Eduard Rothschuh: Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. 1983, p. 23.

[7] Karl Eduard Rothschuh: Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. 1983, p. 20.

[8] Bernhard Uehleke: Rausse, JH 2005, p. 1216.

[9] Hubertus Averbeck: From the cold water cure to physical therapy. Reflections on people and at the time of the most important developments in the 19th century . Europäische Hochschulverlag, Bremen 2012, ISBN 978-3-86741-782-2 , p. 225.

[10] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 44 and 46.

[11] JH Rausse: Description of the water sanatorium in Stuer near Plau in Mecklenburg, founded and directed by the author. J. Schieferdecker, Zeitz 1846, pp. 10–12 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[12] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 44.

[13] Hubertus Averbeck: From the cold water cure to physical therapy. Considerations on people and at the time of the most important developments in the 19th century 2012, p. 226 f.

[14] Bernhard Uehleke : Medical history workshop on the history of naturopathic treatment in Bad Alexandersbad. [1989]. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 18, 1999, pp. 572-575.

[15] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 44 f.

[16] Alfred Brauchle : The history of naturopathy in life pictures. Stuttgart 1951, p. 123.

[17] Karl Eduard Rothschuh: Naturopathic Movement, Reform Movement, Alternative Movement. 1983, p. 21.

[18] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 43 f.

[19] Theodor Hahn: Cholera and its treatment with cold water, according to Rausse's principles and based on personal practical experience. Schwerin / Rostock 1849, p. 4

[20] Eva Barlösius: A natural lifestyle. On the history of life reform at the turn of the century, Campus Verlag 1997, p. 67 ff. And Dieter Melchart, Rainer Brenke: Naturheilverfahren. Guide for medical training, further education and training . Schattauer, Stuttgart New York 2008, p. 572. - Whether Hahn was actually a cousin of Francke, like Alfred Brauchle: Naturopathy as a water cure and vegetarianism. The pharmacist Theodor Hahn , p. 166, claims is uncertain. The previous detailed genealogical knowledge of Francke's family environment and ancestors does not provide any indication or explanatory approach. Hahn himself writes "to my dear friend and teacher" (ibid., P. 4).

[21] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 44–47.

[22] Hubertus Averbeck: From the cold water cure to physical therapy. Considerations on people and at the time of the most important developments in the 19th century 2012, p. 226.

[23] On the title page of a later edition of it, he mockingly called himself "a really secret magician and great medic among the tribe of the Snake Indians, a corresponding member of all academies and learned societies in the countries of the Karaibs and Hottentots, knights of innumerable orders from the states of Lichtenhain, Ziegenhain and Passendorf etc. "

[24] Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 45–47.