Theodor Hahn

This article deals with the pharmacist Theodor Hahn. For the organist of the same name, see Carl Theodor Hahn .

Theodor Hahn, portrait photo. In: Der Hausarzt , Zurich 1878

Hermann Theodor Hahn , pseudonym: H. Hennemann , (born May 19, 1824 in Ludwigslust ; † March 3, 1883 in Tablat near St. Gallen ) was a German pharmacist and alternative practitioner who, as an author, editor and publisher, expressed his views in numerous brochures and brought books to the German-speaking audience. As one of the pioneers of the vegetarian movement in Germany, he created a simultaneous treatment for the first time by combining a water cure and a vegetarian diet. Hahn was also temporarily involved in the labor movement .

family

Theodor Hahn was born in 1824 as the fourth of seven children of the lawyer and “senior auditor” Georg Ludwig Hahn (1775–1835) and his wife, Henriette Charlotte Elisabeth Willich (1798–1850), who was born in Hamburg . His older brother, Georg Carl Hahn , became known as a pioneer in the field of food preservation. His sister, Marie Pauline Hahn (* 1825), married the Schwerin teacher Heinrich Meier († 1856) in 1847 , who was active between 1849 and 1850 together with Theodor Hahn in the Workers' Brotherhood and the Communist League .

Life

Childhood and youth

Hahn spent his childhood and youth in the west Mecklenburg residence and garrison Ludwigslust , which was dominated by the grand ducal court and the military and which only achieved city status decades later. He probably went to local school and may have obtained secondary school there. 1839 Hahn was in the church of his birthplace confirmed .

He began training as a pharmacist in 1840, which he completed after interruptions in 1844 as a pharmacist's assistant . The main point of contact after returning home could initially have been his place of birth Ludwigslust. Hahn was now around 24 years old. According to the information in the Mormon database, he had married Margarethe Schmidt (* 1828) at that time and had a son in 1849 who was born in Ludwigslust and - like the father - was named Theodor.

Encounter with Heinrich Friedrich Francke

The turning point in Hahn's life was his meeting with the healing practitioner and hydropathic Heinrich Friedrich Francke , who also came from Mecklenburg (who published under the pseudonym "JH Rausse" and was possibly a cousin or uncle of Hahn), from whom Hahn has been relieving or healing himself He hoped to suffer from asthma at the age of four , before which a chronic rash (probably neurodermatitis ) already existed. This meeting took place on October 1, 1847 in Lehsen near Ludwigslust, where Francke practiced from 1847 to 1848. Here the tap, treated with cold water applications, became a staunch supporter of Francke's water cures after his recovery, whom he followed as an assistant to the Bavarian Alexandersbad , where Francke took over the cold water healing facility as spa director and treated Friedrich Kapp's father there after Francke's death . Hahn gave up his job as a pharmacist forever and remained a hydrotherapist. Two attempts to settle down as an independent therapist in Mecklenburg until 1849 failed. He enrolled at the University of Leipzig for pharmacy on October 20, 1848 , but left the university almost three months later when he had to present his moral certificate. When he went to Schwerin in 1849, "where he settled as a lay practitioner" and left the first traces in the Schwerin files, they mention him as an "immigrant pharmacist from Leipzig". Hahn was employed in the “Hofapotheke” in Schwerin in 1847, as a contemporary witness reported.

Engagement in the labor movement

When Joseph Moll visited in the spring of 1849, he was accepted into the Communist League , as were Julius Polentz and Hahn's brother-in-law, the Schwerin teacher Heinrich Meyer, who in 1850 was temporarily "water doctor". Hahn, initially vice-president and head of the singing department of the Schwerin workers 'association, became chairman of the association after Polentz's arrest in 1849 and was a member of the German workers' association. On October 23, 1849 Hahn reported to the Leipzig typesetter Carl August Richard Gangloff (* 1812) that he was working on a brochure by Friedrich Hecker and JH Rausse or Revolution und Hydriatrie .

“In 1849 I was president of the social, later workers' education association in Schwerin (Mecklenburg) for a long time, and so the welfare of the worker had long been close to me; But even then I recognized what was primarily and initially needed in the current overwhelming power of princes, priests, bougeois, etc.; first - so far to achieve - bodily self-liberation, the fight against individual egotism, in order from here to fight against the self-, enjoyment, and domination and all other addictions of the masses in political associations. (…) In any case, the communist movement has made significant progress since 48, that is, internal, spiritual progress. While at that time and in 1849 I was in the club that was run by London (K. Marx ) and to which I also belonged (...) "

- quoted from Theodor Hahn to Johann Philipp Becker July 26, 1868

Activity in Switzerland

From 1849 Hahn tried to obtain the concession for a hydropathic institute for Schwerin. When this project failed and at the same time the reprisals against the communists became more severe, Hahn also left his Mecklenburg homeland in mid-February 1850, first went to Lübeck and moved there, as well as there after the suppression of the March Revolution, the workers' association, like all similar associations, was suppressed and dissolved was, to Switzerland. In Switzerland, in March 1850, he took over the cold water sanatorium in Buchenthal near Niederuzwil in Oberbüren ( canton St. Gallen ) , in 1851 the hydrotherapy institute in Horn on Lake Constance, where the Hotel Bad Horn is today , and finally that of Tiefenau near Elgg in the canton of Zurich . which he received for six years from Dr. Winckler leased and operated from April 1, 1852. At the same time, he continued his journalistic activities by re-editing and expanding works by Francke, with whom he had already collaborated in Lehsen in technical literary terms. In doing so, he created the prerequisites for establishing Francke's three-volume naturopathic handbook as the standard work of the reform movement up to the end of the 19th century.

Turning to vegetarianism

The study of Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland's macrobiotics taught Hahn for the first time about the harmful effects of eating meat and led him to the idea of ​​"natural healing powers". In the winter of 1850/51 Hahn read Jean-Jacques Rousseau's educational novel Émile ou De l'éducation and there came across a quote from the Greek philosopher Plutarch , in which he castigated the "murder" of humans on animals for the purpose of meat production as cruel and unnatural. The text made Hahn consider the question of meat consumption "also from the moral side". In 1852 Hahn began to live consistently meatless and from then on he actively promoted vegetarianism. For him now only a vegetarian diet could be "healing food" and permanent food to maintain an efficient life. A little later Hahn came across the "excellent work" The Path to Paradise , published in 1843 (and in the 2nd edition in 1846), which praises English vegetarianism . An illumination of the main causes of the physical and moral decline of the civilized peoples, as well as natural proposals to atone for this decline by the Jena secondary school teacher and vegetarian Johann Wilhelm Zimmermann (1819–1882) and adopted many of the ideas developed there. In 1859, in The Natural Diet, the Diet of the Future , Hahn explained in detail with historical, comparative anatomical and physiological arguments why, in his opinion, only the vegetarian diet is the only true "natural food". This book is a highly revised translation by Hahn of the work Vegetable Diet by William A. Alcott , published in 1838 .

Hahn's commitment to vegetarianism was adopted almost without exception by other followers of early naturopathy as a principle of a natural way of life. Since a consistent vegetarian diet without eating bread seemed difficult to imagine, Hahn simply declared bread to be the "most natural and instinctive food of adult humans". However, this caused him to have to explain: Really "natural" according to the naturopathic idea could only be what nature already produced in a finished form. A number of complicated processing steps were required to make bread. To resolve the dilemma, Hahn tried to simplify the production route. Above all, the usual grinding technique , in which the indigestible hulls of the grains were separated and separated in the form of the bran, was considered incompatible with naturopathic principles . Hahn took up the idea of ​​the American vegetarian Sylvester Graham , who had replaced the usual grinding process with coarse " grind ". In 1859 Hahn began to try to make a " graham bread ". Although the experiments encountered considerable difficulties and the result was not initially convincing in terms of taste, firmness and purity, the idea fell on fertile ground in the naturopathic movement. More and more people were trying to make graham bread on their own. Experience and tips were exchanged in the naturopathic associations and naturopathic media.

Natural healer with own sanatorium "Oberwaid"

Hahn was the first German alternative practitioner to treat his patients primarily with a vegetarian diet. In his books, in addition to whole grain products , he recommended milk and raw vegetables (raw fruit and vegetables ) as particularly health-promoting foods. For the first time he combined water therapy with a meatless diet and Swedish gymnastics . Hahn's patients included Richard Wagner and Adolf Friedrich von Schack . In 1854 he founded the “Untere Waid” sanatorium in Mörschwil with Gustav Wohlbold, who left in September 1855 . In the address books the “Sanatorium for Water, Diet and Exercise, by Dr. Hahn ”. He headed the house "Auf der Waid" in the municipality of Tablat, which he founded in the immediate vicinity in 1864, and was named "Oberwaid" in 1870. This was lonely on the road between St. Gallen and Rorschach and is the predecessor institution of today's Oberwaid private clinic . A visitor describes the institution:

“Mr. Theodor Hahn, founder and owner of this establishment, made a name for himself a long time ago among the water enthusiasts by publishing Reuss' writings. Recently he has renounced the versatile use of water as an exclusive remedy and instead introduced the “vegetarian diet”, about which he has also written a little paper, as the main remedy in his institution. The woad lies on the road from Rorschach to St. Gallen, there where it has reached the height and continues, partly horizontally, partly with a slight depression, into St. Gallen. (...) Immediately in front of the institution there is a flat meadow, which could make a very suitable terrain for parks, but has not yet enjoyed such a decoration. Behind the house, around its access routes, there are, of course, traces of such structures, which, however, are by no means sufficient to completely obliterate the impression which the bare sight of the institution from the other side creates. The only consolation in the immediate vicinity is a spruce forest that begins about 200 paces from the front door. Inside, too, the institution does not make a very comfortable, homely impression. The rooms are sufficiently furnished, the beds seemingly good; but every trace of comfort, of elegance, is so carefully avoided in the whole house that one cannot avoid a chill feeling, a thought of bad weather, boredom, homesickness, etc., when imagining a long stay there. At least I do not consider it necessary that the hydropathic establishments imitate the Graefenberg so slavishly, also with regard to external arrangements. One does not go wrong if in this case too one inferred from the work about the Creator. Mr. Hahn is a simple man who neither knows nor despises that by which we adorn our life and make it comfortable. His life is just a straight line, without all the arabesques and decorations with which we try to surround it. He has only one aspiration: to realize his idea of ​​a normal way of life and healing of diseases. Because his theory is not just a figurehead to attract hypochondriacs and other desperate patients, but it is a matter of the heart to him and is, it seems, strictly followed by himself. He agrees with the opinion of those English who believe that people are not intended for mixed food, but only for plant food, and derive a large part of our physical ailments and weaknesses, as well as our errors and mistakes, from eating meat. By maintaining this restriction even for the healthy (...), and indeed all who seek healing in his institution must submit to the vegetarian diet, i. H. Enjoy milk and rolls in the morning and in the evening, try to satisfy your hunger with vegetables, potatoes, pastries, etc. at lunchtime, drink water moderately to counter your thirst, and if you want to create an extra treat, eat some fruit. Supportive water treatment is pretty straightforward; A cool half bath in the morning and in the afternoon, a half bath or just a hip bath in the morning, depending on the patient's physical condition and the external temperature. (…) Even if I cannot go everywhere with Mr. Hahn, I appreciate his honesty, his zeal for the well-being of humanity, his energetic perseverance in pursuit of his endeavors and wish him lasting prosperity. It is our business to choose the sick who are really suitable for such a withdrawal and regeneration cure as one might call them; and that is what I consider all Schlemmer in a broader sense, i. H. those who eat and drink too well and much and do too little; and then dyscrasic patients, insofar as they are curable at all. - So far, the institution has not been visited by Swiss people, all of whom go to Buchenthal from the area, but there have been sufficient numbers of foreigners from further afield. "

- quoted Dr. Schildbach in Leipzig: A visit to some health resorts in Switzerland. 1861

The practical manual of natural healing appeared for the first time in 1865 , in which Hahn explained his concept of diet therapy. The book had many editions and helped diet therapy to make its breakthrough within the naturopathic movement.

In 1869 Hahn published his polemic Die Ritter vom Fleische , in which he argues particularly intensely with representatives of the established “medical medicine” ( Rudolf Virchow , Justus Liebig , Jakob Moleschott and others). He characterizes these as “pill jesuits”, “medicine popes”, “plaster monkeys” and “parasites”. He also appeared as a vehement opponent of vaccinations .

In 1868, 1870 and 1871 Hahn paid membership fees for the International Workers' Association . Their monthly central organ Der Vorbote again advertised Hahn's magazine Der Naturarzt .

death

Theodor Hahn died impoverished of rectal cancer in "Oberwaid". On his tombstone in the cemetery of the Catholic Church St. Fiden near St. Gallen it says:

"Here lies Dr. Theodor Hahn. Born on May 19, 1824, died on March 3, 1883. You have done your work here below, now rest in God's peace. "

- quoted from Philo vom Walde: Vincenz Prießnitz , p. 92.

The following was published as an obituary:

“March 3rd died on the upper Waid near St. Gallen: Theodor Hahn, naturopath, vegetarian writer and owner of a vegetarian health resort; He was such an outspoken opponent of the cowpox vaccination and the scientific medicine that he had the vaccine and medicine poisoning suffered in adolescence as the cause of his death at the age of 59 as the cause of his death. "

- quoted from Neujahrsblatt , Historischer Verein St. Gallen, St. Gallen 1884, p. 28.

Medical historical classification

The medical historian Wolfgang U. Eckart counts Theodor Hahn, along with Heinrich Friedrich Francke and Lorenz Gleich, to the early theorists of naturopathy and the naturopathic movement, which has emerged as a criticism and alternative to " allopathic medicine " since the 1830s . All three representatives had propagated the "water cure" as a supportive measure for the physical elimination of toxins. Hahn would also have wanted to positively influence the “vital stimuli” that act on the body. This has already exceeded the narrow range of hydrotherapy and postulates the extension to "naturopathy". According to Eckart, Hahn popularized the term “naturopathy”, while Lorenz Gleich coined it and filled it with content. Through his writings The Natural Diet, the Diet of the Future (1859) and The Practical Manual of Natural Healing (1865), he was a catalyst for life reform through the vegetarianism he represented .

Works (selection)

As a writer

Under his own name

• The water medicine in contrast to the medicine medicine. Leipzig: G. Senf, 1848. [2. Edition St. Gallen, Scheitlin and Zollikofer, 1850]
• The cholera and their medical treatment with cold water, after Rauss'schen principles and according to my own experience. Schwerin and Rostock: Stiller'sche Hofbuchhandlung, 1849. ( digitized version ). [2. Edition St. Gallen: Scheitlin & Zollikofer, 1851; A cholera es ennek gyogyitas hideg vizzel . Kolozvar: Stein, 1867]
• Letter from Th. Hahn to the author. In: Gottlob Wassermann: Gustav Schwab , the noble bard of Swabia. Just concerns about his speedy death, which was caused by poor medical treatment by bloodletting . Hydriatically illuminated and proven. St. Gallen and Bern: Huber and Compagnie, 1851. pp. 5-6. ( Digitized version )
• The skin tan (croup) and its water medical treatment according to Rausse's principles. A guide for anyone who knows how to read and think. St. Gallen: Scheitlin & Zollikofer, 1851.
• The natural diet, the diet of the future. Compiled from experience and science of all times and peoples. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1859. ( digitized version ) [2., new through. u. probably edition Paul Schettler, Cöthen 1871]
• [With Karl Jakob Hoffmann :] Open letters from and to Theodor Hahn and advocate Hoffmann, or legal and moral conditions in the canton of St. Gallen, 1863. St. Gallen, 1863.
• Practical manual of natural healing. 2 volumes, Theobald Grieben, Berlin 1865; 2nd, increased edition (2 sections in 1 vol.) Ibid. 1867. [3rd, new through. and heavily probable edition (Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1870). 4th edition (Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1875). 5th ed. And T. Basics of the natural healing and lifestyle. (Leipzig, 1889). ( Digitized version )]
• Practical handbook of natural medicine. Without a doctor and medicine, without Prießnitz and Schroth . Zurich: J. Schabelitz , 1866
• Ungorn bread baked with chemical artifacts . In: W. Horsell: Our daily bread or the value of the bread made from unbagged flour . 2nd ed., Theobald Grieben, Berlin 1868, pp. 35–37.
• The graham bread on the bedside . In: W. Horsell: Our daily bread or the value of the bread made from unbagged flour. 2nd ed. Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1868. pp. 54–59.
• Prof. Dr. med. C. Buck in the gazebo . A criticism of his healing and health doctrine. Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1868.
• The knights of the flesh. Open letters to Prof. Dr. med. Virchow , Voigt, Liebig, Bock, Moleschott, Stengel, Seeger , Medicinalrath CAW Richter, Hofrath Dr. med. Steinbacher, Dr. Bersch and Ule , to the “Staatsanzeiger von Württemberg”, “ Daheim ”, “Berner Sonntagspost”, “Wiener Konstitutionelle Vorstadt-Zeitung” and the “Stuttgarter Beobachter”. At the same time a contribution to solving the social question. Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1869.
• Vegetarianism. Its scientific justification and its importance for the physical, spiritual and moral well-being of the individual as well as the whole of humanity. A contribution to the solution of the social question. Compiled based on experience and science. Motto: "All culture starts from the stomach." ( Friedrich the Great .) Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1869. [2. Aufl. Ud T. Vegetarianism as a new healing principle to solve the social question. Its scientific justification and its importance for the physical, spiritual and moral well-being of the individual as well as the whole of humanity. (Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1873)]
• The natural healing theory of Hippocrates (physiatrics or physiautocracy). Popularly represented from the standpoint of today's science. Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1870.
• Macrobiotic cookbook or the art of cooking well, eating well and enjoying it happily, healthily and for a long time. A practical manual for the kitchen of the German people. 2 volumes. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, approx. 1870. [2. Ed. (Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1883)].
• About human pox, about vaccination and about compulsory vaccination. Psychiatr. Answers to Prof. Dr. med. Kußmaul ’s 20 smallpox and vaccination letters. Freiburg: Wangler, 1870.
• About the human pox ( pox ), about vaccination and compulsory vaccination. Motto: "Away with the vaccination," Dr. med Jos. Herrmann, kk primary physician at Spitale Wieden Vienna (General Wiener med. Ztg. Nr. 18 1870.) Berlin, Theobald Grieben 1870.
• The annually increasing deficit of the Basel hospital administration and the water treatment of typhus . A criticism from Professor Dr. Liebermeister'scheu water treatment for typhus. A word to the authorities concerned to take note. Reprinted from the Neue Basler-Zeitung. Basel: Schabelitzchen paper shop, 1870.
• Farewell to my readers. In: The natural doctor. 1870. p. 249.
• Course rules, house rules and prospectus of the sanatorium “Auf der Waid” near St. Gallen, Switzerland. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1871
• Compendium résumé de psychiatrie ou Art de guérir les malades selon les lois de la nature, règles curatives de l'établissement de santé "Ober-Waid" -St-Gallen. Montreux, 1871.
• Folk medicine and health care - the best bread in healthy and sick days. A leaflet. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1874. [25. Ed. (Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1875)].
• The hypochondria. Causes, essence and healing. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1875.
• Small cookbook for friends of the natural diet (vegetarians). Köthen: Paul Schettler, 1876. [2. Ed. (Köthen: Paul Schettler, 1883)]
• Medical inquisition of the 19th century in Germany and Switzerland. St. Gallen, 1876 [and Cöthen: P. Schettler, 1876].
• The status of the vaccination question at the beginning of 1879. Maidt near St. Gallen, 1878.
• The family doctor. Popular medical letters, treatises and advice for the sick and those who do not want to become one. Köthen: Paul Schettler, 1878 [and Zurich: Caspar Schmidt, 1878].
• The paradise of health, the lost and the regained. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1879.
• The diphtheria , the croup and whooping cough . Its causes, its essence and its sure cure. Popularly represented. 2nd edition Zurich: Schmidt, 1879.
• Dietary layman's training course. A popular physiology and philosophy of healthy and sick nutrition collected in meanings, thoughts and sayings of the most famous doctors and researchers, thinkers, poets and wise men of ancient and modern times. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1880.
• The little book about the healthy and sick stomach. Prescription sheets from the portfolio of a naturopath. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1881.
• Practical guide to the natural healing and lifestyle . 3rd edition Leipzig: Greaves, 1882.
• A victim of the vaccination and drug beliefs of today's medical doctors. (My medical history). Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1882.
• Addendum to my medical history. In: The natural doctor. 1882. p. 178.
• One hundred and twelve menus for five dishes (soup, two kinds of vegetables, pastries and fruit) for four weeks each in spring, summer, autumn and winter plus four festive meals. Compiled for the Kurtisch der Oberen Waid near St. Gallen . Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1882.
• Addendum to my medical history. In: The natural doctor. 1883. p. 28.
• The end of Hahn's medical history. In: The natural doctor. 1883. p. 46.

Under a pseudonym, usually as H. Hennemann

• The human pox or pox , its history and nature, its prevention and destruction and its safe cure. An open word in urgent need for doctors and the public. , Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1871.
• The worst Jesuits of the German Empire and the German Reichstag. A public denunciation to S. Your Highness the Prince of Bismarck . , St. Gallen: Altwegg-Weber zur Treuburg, 1875. [2. Ed. Ud T. The Pillenjesuiten or the register of sins of medicinal medicine. A public denunciation to Se. Your Highness the Prince Reich Chancellor v. Bismarck. The worst Jesuits of the German Empire and the German Reichstag 2nd, greatly increased edition (St. Gallen: Altwegg-Weber zur Treuburg, 1875)].
• The vaccination of the youth of the German Empire , St. Gallen: Altwegg-Weber zur Treuburg, 1875.
• The vaccination poisoning of the youth of the German Reich free work. Abdr. D. 5. Mortal sin From: The worst Jesuits of the German Empire and the German Reichstag , Trogen: Bächinger & Kübler, 1875.
• The register of sins in medicinal medicine. A public denunciation to Se. Your Highness, the Prince Chancellor of Bismarck . 2nd, presumably edition, St. Gallen: Hasselbrink, 1889.
• A medical history. Submitted by a student's Rausse : This article was published under the Autorenpseudonym Narcissius on 15 February 1851 in the Women's Newspaper of Louise Otto-Peters and Theodor Hahn is assigned.

As editor

• JH Rausse : Instructions for practicing hydrotherapy for everyone who knows how to read. First division. , Leipzig: Ernst Keil Comp., 1850. ( digitized version )
• JH Rausse: Basic teachings of nature or water science or the spirit of the Graefenberger water cure . After the author's death, revised, reproduced and published. , Leipzig: Magazine for Literature, 1852. ( digitized version )
• JH Rausse: Instructions for practicing hydrotherapy. , Leipzig: Ernst Keil, 1851.
• JH Rausse: Outlines of a natural doctrine of illness and healing. [Formerly udT “Water does it, of course!” Or Miscellen for the Graefenberger water cure, vol. 1]. 4th, through and verb. Ed., Leipzig: Ernst Keil, 1852. [5th, through. and verb. Ed. (Ernst Keil, Leipzig 1858)].
• JH Rausse: "Of course water does it" or Miscellen for the Graefenberger water cure. Second part. Miscelles according to various healing methods. 4. through and verb. Aufl., Leipzig: Magazin für Literatur, 1852. ( digitized ) [5th, through. and verb. Ed. (Magazin für Literatur, Leipzig 1858)].
• The naturopath. Journal for popular health care and healing. Literary messages from the field of scientific and popular medicine and health care and book advertisements , Leipzig: Theobald Grieben, 1863–1883 ​​(born in 1870 as digitized version )
• Health, wealth and happiness. A family library for town and country. Articles and treatises by famous and popular authors at home and abroad, which are suitable for promoting the physical well-being of people. First volume. , Berlin: Theobald Grieben, 1868.
• Sylvester Graham : The Physiology of Digestion and Nutrition in Healthy and Sick Days. With special reference to meat and vegetable foods. According to the German Uebers. edit by E. Weilshäuser. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1880.
• Sylvester Graham: The daily bread as a natural means to maintain healthy and to restore disturbed digestion. With additions by Theodor Hahn. Cöthen: Paul Schettler, 1881.

Literature (selection)

• Philo vom Walde: Vincenz Prießnitz . His life and work. Shown for the commemoration of his centenary birthday. W. Möller, Berlin 1892
• Alfred Brauchle : Naturopathy as a water cure and vegetarianism. The pharmacist Theodor Hahn. The first vegetarian In: the same: History of naturopathy in life pictures . 2nd ext. Ed. By Große Naturärzte . Reclam Verlag, Stuttgart 1951. pp. 164-174
• Helmut Dressler: Doctors around Karl Marx. Volk und Gesundheit, Berlin 1970, pp. 85–86
• The League of Communists. Documents and materials. Volume 2: 1849-1851. Editors Herwig Förder, Martin Hundt , Jefim Kandel, Sofia Leviowa. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1982
• Karl Ed. Rothschuh: naturopathic movement, reform movement, alternative movement . Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart 1983, p. 25 ff.
• Hahn, Theodor . In: German pharmacist biography . Erg. Vol. 2. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, 1997, p. 121 (= publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy . New Volume 60) ISBN 3-8047-1565-6
• Iris Blum: "I am ... the diet, like the healing method of the future, far, far, not just decades, maybe even centuries ahead". Hydrotherapy and vegetarianism as a social and moral panacea presented in the life and work of the naturopath Theodor Hahn (1824-1883) . Zurich 1996 (Licentiate thesis Philos. Fac. I, Univ. Zurich, Hist. Sem., 1996)
• Sabine Merta: Paths and aberrations to the modern cult of slimness. Diet food and physical culture as a search for new forms of lifestyle . 1880–1930 . Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2003 (= studies on the history of everyday life, 22) Phil. Diss. Münster / Westphalia (WS 2001/2002) ISBN 3-515-08109-7
• Arndt Horst Theodor Heinrich Ohl: The influence of Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) on the German naturopathic movement of the 19th century (Med. Diss. Ruhr-Universität Bochum 2005) online (PDF; 603 kB)
• Dieter Melchart; Rainer Brenke: Naturopathic Treatment. Guide for medical training, further education and training. Schattauer, Stuttgart a. a. 2008. p. 572. ( digitized version )
• Peter Müller: pharmacist, naturopath and polemicist. On the 125th anniversary of the death of naturopath Theodor Hahn (1824–1883) . In: St. Galler Tagblatt, St. Gallen 2008, No. 83 of April 10, 2008, p. 11
• Richard Butz (ed.): From ventures. Utopians, visionaries, God seekers, outsiders and pioneers between Lake Walen and Lake Constance in the 20th century . Ostschweiz Druck, Wittenbach 2008 (Edition Ostschweiz 9).
• Gundolf Keil : Vegetarian. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 29–68, here: pp. 45–54.

Web links

• Literature about Theodor Hahn in the state bibliography MV
• Stefan Gemperli: Theodor Hahn. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .

Remarks

1. ↑ Probably an officer in the local military justice administration.
2. ↑ Can not (yet) be identified in the 1819 census in Ludwigslust.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Landeskirchliches Archiv Schwerin, church book information (Az .: FF 191/11)
4. ↑ Also: Meyer .
5. ↑ Alfred Brauchle, p. 165.
6. ↑ www.familysearch.org
7. ↑ The marriage was divorced in 1864. In 1864 he married Anna Catharina Meier (Stefan Gemerli: Theodor Hahn . In: Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz).
8. ↑ He went bankrupt in Ellg in 1881. (Official Gazette for the Canton of Zurich 1881, pp. 556 and 1143).
9. ^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 29–68, here: pp. 45 f.
10. ^ Hademar Bankhofer: The great natural healers: their life - their teachings. Lector, Altendorf 1979, ISBN 3-272-00805-5 , pp. 59–76 ( Theodor Hahn ), here: pp. 64 and 67.
11. ^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 49.
12. ↑ See also Sabine Merta: Paths and wrong ways to the modern cult of slimness. Diet food and physical culture as the search for new forms of lifestyle 1880–1930. Stuttgart, 2003; P. 43. ISBN 3-515-08109-7 .
13. ↑ Cholera and its healing treatment with cold water, p. 17 ff.
14. ^ Holm-Dieter Schwarz: Theodor Hahn. In: Wolfgang-Hagen Hein , Holm-Dieter Schwarz (Hrsg.): German pharmacist biography. Supplementary volume II. Stuttgart 1997 (= publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy, New Series. Volume 60), p. 121 f.
15. ^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 46.
16. ^ University archive Leipzig: Matriculation between 1825 and 1889. Personal file “Hahn, Herrmann Theodor sine test. mat., in bienn. ” [Mat .: October 20, 1848; Moral certificate: January 22, 1849; Departure: January 23, 1849; lived at Bayrischer Platz 4].
17. ^ Holm-Dieter Schwarz: Theodor Hahn. 1997, p. 121 (cited).
18. ^ Horst Prignitz: Hydropathic institutions in Mecklenburg (part 5). In: Mecklenburg-Magazin. Vol. 6 (1995), 20, p. 13.
19. ^ H. Brockmüller: Die Laubmoose Meklenburgs . In: Archives of the Friends of Natural History in Meklenburg . 23. Vol. Güstrow 1870, p. 18.
20. ^ Klaus Baudis: Julius Polenz . Hinstorff, Rostock 1962. pp. 85-88.
21. ^ Karl Wermuth ; Wilhelm Stieber : The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century. On official order for the use of the police authorities of all German federal states. Second part. Containing: The personal details of the persons appearing in the Communist investigations. Printed by AW Hayn, Berlin 1854. P. 83. Klaus Baudis: Julius Polenz . Hinstorff, Rostock 1962. pp. 85-87.
22. ↑ Horst Schlechte: The general German workers' brotherhood 1848-1850. Documents of the Central Committee for the German Workers in Leipzig. Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1979. pp. 466–468.
23. ↑ Horst Schlechte: The general German worker brotherhood 1848–1850 , p. 468, which could not be determined bibliographically.
24. ^ IISG, Amsterdam Becker Nachlass D 916
25. ↑ He was not granted a trade license. Horst Prignitz: ibid.
26. ↑ Bund der Kommunisten, Vol. 2, pp. 585 f. and 654 f.
27. ↑ The basic teachings of natural medicine or hydrology or the spirit of the Graefenberger water cure, p. VIII. - Francke is sometimes referred to as Hahn's “ cousin ”. Hahn himself only calls him "my dear friend and teacher" (Theodor Hahn: Cholera and its treatment with cold water , p. 4).
28. ↑ JH Rausse: Instructions for practicing hydrotherapy. Ernst Keil, Leipzig 1851.
29. ^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), pp. 29–68, here: p. 46 f.
30. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Sabine Merta: Ways and wrong ways to the modern slimness cult: Diet food and physical culture as a search for new forms of lifestyle 1880–1930 , Franz Steiner Verlag 2003; Pp. 43-44. ISBN 978-3-515-08109-2 .
31. ↑ ^{a b c} Uwe Heyll: Vegetarism, graham bread, raw food In: Water, fasting, air and light: The history of naturopathy in Germany , Campus Verlag 2006; Pp. 89-91. ISBN 9783593379555 .
32. ^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 47 f.
33. ↑ Hubertus Averbeck (2012), p. 231.
34. ^ Robert Jütte : History of Alternative Medicine. From folk medicine to today's unconventional therapies. CH Beck Verlag, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-406-40495-2 , p. 156.
35. ^ Richard Wagner to Theodor Hahn February 8, 1852. In: All letters. Richard Wagner. September 1852 - January 1854. Edited by Gertrud Strobel and Werner Wolf on behalf of the Richard Wagner Family Archive in Bayreuth. Vol. 5. Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 2000, p. 93 and Eva Rieger; Hiltrud Schroeder: A place for gods. Richard Wagner's walks in Switzerland. Böhlau, Cologne 2009.
36. ↑ Half a century. Memories and records. Vol. 1. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1894, p. 396.
37. ^ Ort-Lexicon of the Cantons of St. Gallen and Appenzell. St. Gallen 1868, p. 283
38. ^ Holm-Dieter Schwarz: Theodor Hahn. In: Wolfgang-Hagen Hein , Holm-Dieter Schwarz (Hrsg.): German pharmacist biography. Supplementary volume II. Stuttgart 1997 (= publications of the International Society for the History of Pharmacy, New Series. Volume 60), p. 121.
39. ^ In: Balneologische Zeitung. Vol. XI. September 16, 1861. No. 12, pp. 187-189
40. ↑ The Harbinger. Political and socio-economic monthly. Central organ of the German language section group of the International Workers' Association . Geneva, No. 8, August 1868, p. 127; 1870, p. 64 and 1871, p. 80.
41. ↑ The Harbinger 1868; Pp. 128 and 192.
42. ↑ He never called himself "Dr." in his writings.
43. ↑ Hahn primarily describes “alcohol, coffee, tea and cocoa” as “poison”. See Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 53.
44. ↑ Wolfgang Uwe Eckart: 7.9.2 Die Naturheilkunde In: History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine , 7th edition, Springer-Verlag 2013; P. 224. ISBN 9783642349720 .
45. ^ Gundolf Keil: Vegetarian. 2015 (2016), p. 48 f.
46. ^ Swiss President of the Council of States 1877–1878.
47. ↑ Negatively reviewed by Dr. Bolz in: Quarterly for practical medicine. 23rd year 1866. Vol. 1, Prague 1866, pp. 24-26.
48. ↑ Knight of the Vegetables . Home. 1869, no.1
49. ^ As Irena Hundt: Marie von Colomb (1808–1868). The cold water. Fate of a hydrotherapist. In: the same: From the salon to the barricade. Women in the Heine Age. JB Metzler, Stuttgart; Weimar 2002, p. 317 ( ISBN 3-476-01842-3 ).