Heinrich Hasse (philosopher)

Heinrich Hasse (born July 31, 1884 in Lübeck , † February 19, 1935 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German professor of philosophy who dealt intensively with Arthur Schopenhauer and became a member of the NSDAP before 1933 .

Life

Hasse, the son of a wealthy pharmacist, began studying natural sciences in Bonn in 1904 after graduating from high school at the Katharineum in Lübeck . After only a year he changed the subject and studied philosophy as well as German, history and Latin for teaching . His teachers were Raoul Richter and Johannes Volkelt . His dissertation from 1908 with Raoul Richter in Leipzig had the topic The directions of recognition in Schopenhauer , with special consideration of the rational and the irrational . He passed the state examination in Bonn in 1911 . In 1913 and 1914 he worked on the estate of Richter, who had died in 1912. During this time he had first contacts with Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche . He then moved to Frankfurt to do his habilitation there . He was called up for military service in 1915, but was shortly dismissed as "permanently unfit". He wrote his habilitation thesis under Hans Cornelius on the topic " The problem of validity in the philosophy of David Hume " . He held the trial lecture on “The Moral Philosophy J.M. Guyaus ” and his inaugural lecture on June 27, 1917 dealt with “ The Problem of Socrates in Nietzsche ” . From 1920 to 1929 he received a teaching position for the history of philosophy . In 1922 he was made a non-official associate professor.

Hasse dealt primarily with Schopenhauer in the 1920s. In the distinction between intuitive and discursive knowledge lies the insight that knowledge contains both rational and irrational elements, which only together form an overall system of knowledge. The intuitive-irrational moment is found especially in the aesthetic mode of knowledge. Hasse saw three levels of knowledge in Schopenhauer's section 5 of the text on the principle of reason :

• the psychological as the immediate perceptual knowledge that leads to simple ideas and is grasped by the mind
• the logical as the mediated result of reason by linking ideas to concepts and judgments
• the ingenious one that goes beyond the logical and captures the essence of a thing .

For Hasse, Schopenhauer was an “intuitive synthesizer” Similar to knowledge, Hasse differentiates the concept of will into three levels:

“If one follows Schopenhauer's doctrine of will, the concept of will is graded in three ways, without the different meanings of the word will being sharply separated from one another. 1. The act of will as an empirical phenomenon , given in the immediate self- apprehension (whose objective appearance is the individual bodily act); 2. The will as the intelligible character of the individual personality (whose appearance in time is the empirical character, whose objectivity in space is the body in its entirety); 3. The will as a thing-in-itself in the narrower sense, that is, as the metaphysical original principle of everything real in general (whose objectivity and appearance is the world as an idea in its entirety. "

Hasse criticizes the mixing of the empirical concept with the metaphysical level.

Like many others, Hasse was disappointed with the Weimar Republic . Like Schopenhauer, he represented an atheistic religious philosophy . With the decline of religion through the increasing knowledge of the sciences , an atomization of the masses would arise , which he wanted to discipline through the " aristocratic rule of the noble ". Philosophically floated him a "philosophy of salvation " which "free from all theological creates elements and points of view" a reference point "where beings and Seinsollendes" into each other fall. This integrates the individual into a context. Hasse did not see this point of reference in politics or religion, but in art.

Hasse, who had been largely apolitical until then, heard Adolf Hitler give a speech in 1930 and became his "loyal fighter and follower". He became a member of the NSDAP on March 1, 1932 .

Fonts

• The directions of cognition in Schopenhauer with special consideration of the rational and the irrational . Diss .: Leipzig 1908
• Schopenhauer's theory of knowledge as a system of a community of the rational and the irrational: a historical-critical attempt , Meiner, Leipzig 1913
• The philosophy of Raoul Richter , Meiner 1914
• The problem of Socrates in Friedrich Nietzsche , Meiner, Leipzig 1918
• The problem of validity in the philosophy of David Hume: A critical contribution to the history of epistemology , Meiner, Leipzig 1920
• Schopenhauer's philosophy of religion and its significance for the present , Englert and Schlosser, Frankfurt 1924, 2nd edition Reinhard, Munich 1932
• Schopenhauer , Reinhard, Munich 1926 ( History of Philosophy in Individual Representations , Volume 34)
• Position and task of science in the new Germany . Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1934 [NSDAP brochure]. Was placed on the list of literature to be segregated after the end of the war in the Soviet occupation zone .
• Cogitata: reflections and confessions from the handwritten estate of Heinrich Hasse , Winter, Heidelberg 1937

Individual evidence

1. ^ Biographical information, especially after Christian Tilitzki: The German University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and National Socialism, Academy, Berlin 2002, especially 76-77.
2. ↑ Arthur Schopenhauer: About the fourfold root of the principle of sufficient reason (1813, Schopenhauer's dissertation); second, very improved edition 1847.
3. ↑ Hasse, Heinrich: The directions of recognition in Schopenhauer with special consideration of the rational and irrational. Diss .: Leipzig 1908, here p. 32, quoted from: Margit Ruffing: “Will to knowledge. The self-knowledge of the will and the idea of ​​the human being in Arthur Schopenhauer's aesthetic theory ”. Diss. Mainz 2001, 30.
4. ^ Heinrich Hasse: Schopenhauer, Reinhard 1926, 78.
5. ^ Heinrich Hasse: Schopenhauer, Reinhard 1926, 223-224.
6. ↑ Representation after: Christian Tilitzki: The German University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in National Socialism, Academy, Berlin 2002, 77.
7. ↑ http://www.polunbi.de/bibliothek/1948-nslit-h.html

Web links

Wikisource: Heinrich Hasse  - Sources and full texts

• Literature by and about Heinrich Hasse in the catalog of the German National Library