Henry V (Glogau-Sagan)

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Heinrich V of Glogau-Sagan (also Heinrich V "the Iron" ; * 1312/21 ; † 13 April 1369 ) was Duke of Sagan from 1342 to 1369 , from 1344 Duke of ( ducal ) Glogau , 1358 to 1361 of Steinau and from 1361 from half of Steinau. He came from the Glogau branch of the Silesian Piasts .

Origin and family

Heinrich V's parents were Heinrich IV von Glogau († 1342) and Mathilde († 1323/29), daughter of Margrave Hermann von Brandenburg . In 1337 he married Anna († 1363), daughter of Wacław von Płock . The children came from marriage:

  1. Henry VI. d. Ä. († 1393), Duke of Sagan, Glogau and Crossen ; ⚭ 1372 Hedwig († 1409), daughter of Duke Wenceslas I of Liegnitz .
  2. Heinrich VII. "Rumpold" († 1395), Duke of Glogau, Sagan, Steinau and Guhrau
  3. Henry VIII († 1397), Duke of Glogau and Sagan, ⚭ between 1382 and 1388 Katharina († 1420), daughter of Duke Wladislaus II from Opole .
  4. Anna († 1405), ⚭ 1361 the Opava-Ratibor Duke Johann I († 1382)
  5. Hedwig († 1390), ⚭ 1. 1363 the Polish King Casimir the Great († 1370); ⚭ 2. 1372 Duke Ruprecht I of Liegnitz († 1409)

Life

After the death of his father in 1342, Henry V, who had no other brothers, inherited his duchy Sagan . At the same time he raised claims to the Duchy of Glogau , which, like Sagan, had been a fiefdom of the Crown of Bohemia since 1329 . Glogau had last heard of Heinrich V's uncle Primislaus / Primko II , who had refused to pay homage to the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg and who had been poisoned by his subjects in 1331. The legal heirs should be Heinrich V's father and his brother Johann von Steinau († 1361/64). Primislaus / Primko's widow Konstanze was assigned the city of Glogau as a personal treasure , which she handed over to her brother Bolko II . Nevertheless, King John defied the inheritance claims and forcibly withdrew Glogau as a settled fiefdom . The reason for this was that Johann von Steinau had sold him his right to the Glogau inheritance before Primko's death. Because of these unlawful occurrences, Heinrich V also refused to pay homage to the king in 1342 and fought him in order to get the legacy of Glogau, which was formerly due to his father.

After the Polish King Kazimir III. With his army invaded parts of Greater Poland, which belonged to the possession of the Glogau dukes, Henry V also fought Poland. Kazimir III devastated. Steinau and occupied Fraustadt , which Heinrich V finally had to cede to Poland. Out of annoyance about this, Heinrich now sought the support of the Bohemian King Johann. He finally paid homage to this on November 23, 1344. Thereupon King John transferred one half of Glogau, which was hereinafter referred to as “ducal” Glogau, while he kept the other “royal” half as sovereign himself.

In the following period, Heinrich often stayed near King John's son, the margrave and later King Charles IV , whose politics and diplomacy he supported. In 1347 he took part in his coronation in Prague, two years later he accompanied him to the Pope in Avignon and in 1355 he was in Rome at the imperial coronation of Charles IV. Together with Nikolaus von Munsterberg he was in Constantinople in 1356 on behalf of Charles IV with a diplomatic assignment , from where he then went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land .

In 1358 Heinrich V acquired the Duchy of Steinau from his uncle Johann . Thereafter, Henry V's relations with King Karl deteriorated, who had approached the Schweidnitz Duke Bolko II in order to redress the injustice committed by Karl's father on Bolko's sister Konstanze, the widow of Primkos / Przemkos. For this purpose, King Karl transferred the ( royal ) half of Glogau and half of Steinau to Bolko II von Schweidnitz for his lifetime on January 10, 1360 . Since Heinrich V feared the permanent loss of the royal half of Glogau after the death of Constance, who was a granddaughter of the late Polish King Władysław I. Ellenlang , in 1363 , he contacted the Polish King Kazimir III again. from whom he hoped for help. To this end, he married his daughter Hedwig to the widowed Kazimir III. However, she did not give birth to the desired heir to the throne.

Heinrich, whose nickname "the Iron" is said to go back to the fact that he treated his subordinates harshly and also pursued his political goals with determination, also fought against the local nobility and church institutions. He led constant arguments with the Sagan Augustinians . In 1367 he is said to have been held captive by the opposing nobility in the Jakobskircher castle. He died two years later. The guardianship of his underage sons was transferred to Ruprecht I von Liegnitz, who in 1372 married Heinrich V's daughter Hedwig, who had been widowed for two years. The inheritance disputes sparked by Heinrich's death V were settled by his brother-in-law Ludwig I von Liegnitz. After the two older Heinriche died without descendants in 1393 and 1395, Henry V's property was united under his youngest son, Henry VIII, who continued the line-up.

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Commons : Heinrich V. von Glogau-Sagan  - Collection of images
personal data
SURNAME Henry V.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Henry the Iron
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Sagan, Glogau and Steinau
DATE OF BIRTH between 1312 and 1321
DATE OF DEATH April 13, 1369