Heinrich von Zügel

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Heinrich von Zügel: Self-Portrait (1927)

Heinrich Johann von Zügel (until 1907: Heinrich Zügel ; born October 22, 1850 in Murrhardt , † January 30, 1941 in Munich ) was a German painter . His sometimes opulent depictions of domestic animals , which were also presented in the Great German Art Exhibition , are known.

Life

Heinrich von Zügel: On the way to the Wolkenhof
Game with a hunted roebuck , ca.1911

Heinrich Zügel trained as a genre and animal painter at the Stuttgart Art School as a pupil of Bernhard von Neher and Heinrich von Rustige , stayed in Vienna for some time in 1873 and then went to Munich. He preferred to paint depictions of farm animals and domestic animals in connection with people, sometimes in a dramatically exaggerated situation or with a humorous approach.

The animal painter Anton Braith from Biberach became an important mentor for the student.

At the beginning of the 1880s, Zügel discovered the high moor landscape near Dachau as a new study area. He started painting outdoors. As a result, he distanced himself from close-up vision and presented the animals as part of an extended landscape.

Study stays on the Dutch and Belgian coasts brought the artist the breakthrough to Impressionism in the early 1890s , the famous representatives of which he had met during earlier stays in Paris and through exhibitions in Munich. The atmospheric rendering of the animals in air and light, the capturing of the reflections of sun and water, the play of light and shadow now become an artistic concern. The details are increasingly subordinated to the overall impression.

In 1893 he received a small gold medal at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition . In 1895 Heinrich Zügel was appointed professor at the Munich Art Academy . In 1907 the Bavarian King awarded him the Knight's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown . With this award the elevation to the personal nobility was connected.

Heinrich von Zügel taught at the Munich Art Academy until his retirement in 1922. His students include: a. Max Bergmann , Emanuel Hegenbarth , Julius Paul Junghanns , Christian Schad , Julius Seyler , Gustav Adolf Thomann , Wilhelm Stumpf and Philipp Erlanger . Zügel was a founding member of the Munich Secession and an early member of the German Association of Artists .

H. Zügel: Unruly , around 1904

For more than forty years, Zügel worked on the subject of "Heavy Work", the depiction of a team of oxen plowing. The development of the painter can be read in the approximately 24 versions of the subject, which leads from the detailed description to the cubist scarcity and monumentalization. In the end he chose huge formats in order to express his feeling for the connection between man and nature, for the eternal cycle of all life, through this motif. In this endeavor, Zügel did not shy away from extreme compositions (as in the oil painting Unruly , in which the head of the ox appears as if separated from the body and the right hind leg as if drawn with a ruler) - he was less concerned with a naturalistic, romanticizing rendering of the animals in the picture than the expressive depiction of the hardship of this work in the field.

Even at an advanced age, Zügel achieved impressionistic works full of lightness and freshness, e.g. B. the "Blick auf Murrhardt", at the age of 77, I made an impressive self-portrait. On the occasion of his 90th birthday, the Nazi art magazine Die Kunst im Deutschen Reich devoted a detailed article to him.

Meaning and memory

Heinrich von Zügel is one of the most important German impressionists along with Lovis Corinth , Max Liebermann and Max Slevogt . As a founding member of the Munich Secession, he campaigned for a renewal of the exhibition business. For over 25 years he worked as a professor and temporarily rector of the Munich Academy.

In Wörth am Rhein there is a memorial gallery as a permanent exhibition in the old town hall. Zügel has a special meaning for Wörth am Rhein, since he spent his holidays there with his students for a long time and numerous works were done on site. The small income from modeling, borrowing the animals and the entertainment income were important for the poor residents, small farmers and fishermen. Further works hang in the National Gallery in Berlin and in his birthplace Murrhardt .

His firstborn son, Willy Zügel , became a well-known animal sculptor.

Important works

  • The oxen, self-portrait and views of Murrhardt (Municipal Art Collection Murrhardt )
  • The flock fleeing from the thunderstorm
  • A continuous bull
  • Sheep in the Alder Grove ( National Gallery Berlin )
  • Ochsen am Pflug (Old Town Hall Wörth am Rhein )
  • Nobody at home!
  • Spring sun and autumn sun

Domestic animals and farm animals in their rural surroundings are his themes, as well as pure landscapes, cityscapes or portraits.

Awards and honors

In 1893 he received a small gold medal at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition . In 1910 he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Wörth am Rhein and in 1920 an honorary citizen of the city of Murrhardt.

literature

  • sp .: The animal painter Heinrich v. Rein 90 years old . In: Swabia. Monthly books for people and culture , year 1940, issue 9/10, pp. 441–448
  • Wilhelm Steigelmann (Ed.): Heinrich von Zügel and the Wörther School of Painting. Kaußler, Landau o. J. [1957]
  • Eugen Diem: Heinrich von Zügel, life. Create. Work (catalog raisonné), Verlag Aurel Bongers, Recklinghausen 1975, ISBN 3-7647-0277-X
  • Eugen Diem: Heinrich von Zügel and his time (including supplement to the catalog raisonné), Aurel Bongers Publishing House, Recklinghausen 1986, ISBN 3-7647-0378-4
  • Beate Menke, Christian Unger (illustrator): Heinrich von Zügel, for the 50th year of death . Verlag Aurel Bongers, Recklinghausen 1991, ISBN 3-7647-0424-1 .
  • Elisabeth Feilen: Heinrich von Zügel and the painter's village of Wörth am Rhein (1894–1920) , Saarbrücken 1993 (dissertation print)
  • Clemens Jöckle : “Draw with color”. Heinrich von Zügel (1850–1941). Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg 2001, ISBN 3-933784-63-8 (also translated into Czech by Josef Matějů and into Dutch by Maarten Lekkerkerken).
  • Elisabeth Feilen: Portrait of Bavaria, Heinrich von Zügel , in Arsprototo , issue 1-2011, kulturstiftung.de ( Memento from February 6, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  • Ingrid Helber, Heide von Berlepsch: Swabian Impressionism in the environment of Heinrich von Zügel. City of Murrhardt 2011, ISBN 978-3-943069-00-6
  • Society of Heinrich von Zügel Friends eV Wörth (ed.): Exhibition catalog "Heinrich von Zügel and his students": Murrhardt - Wörth ; ed. for the 140th birthday of H. v. Zügel, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the award of the honorary doctorate from the University of Gießen's Faculty of Veterinary Medicine to Heinrich von Zügel, for the anniversary event in the Giessen Congress Hall from July 27 to August 19, 1990, as well as in the Remise Gallery, Bad Nauheim from April 24. August 20 to September 20, 1990; Appendix: Exhibition directory, texts: Elisabeth Feilen, Lending University Library Gießen

Web links

Commons : Heinrich von Zügel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eugen Diem: Heinrich von Zügel and his time . Verlag Aurel Bongers, Recklinghausen 1986, pp. 60-61.
  2. ↑ kuenstlerbund.de: Ordinary members of the German Association of Artists since it was founded in 1903 / Zügel, Heinrich von ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed November 20, 2018)
  3. ^ Exhibition catalog X. Exhibition of the Munich Secession: The German Association of Artists (in connection with an exhibition of exquisite products of the arts in the craft) , Verlaganstalt F. Bruckmann, Munich 1904 (p. 33: Zügel, Heinrich, Munich. Fig. 4: Unruly. )
  4. ^ Herbert Wolfgang Keizer: The animal painter Heinrich von Zügel: for the artist's 90th birthday . In: Die Kunst im Deutschen Reich, 5th volume / series 1, edition B, January 1941, pp. 24–27 m. Fig.
  5. ↑ Dating from the most recent entry in the extensive bibliography about Zügel's students. Not listed in DNB . 72 pages. Contributions by Max Bergmann , Hermann Ebers, Julius Paul Junghanns , Hans Purrmann , Hans von Hayek and others. With ill.
personal data
SURNAME Rein, Heinrich von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rein, Heinrich; Rein, Heinrich Johann von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Murrhardt
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1941
Place of death Munich