High drain

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The high drain (aerial view)

The Hochablass is a weir in Augsburg . Here, water is diverted from the Lech , which is directed via the capital stream into Augsburg's old town and there, together with the water from the Lochbach, flows through the Lechviertel in many canals . It is an important part of Augsburg's historical water management .

history

According to an inscription on the weir , the first installation for the Lechwasser discharge to Augsburg was made in the year 1000. But there is no documentary evidence for this, this year is only an estimate. In 1346 a first weir dam is documented on the site of today's indulgence. Since then, the weir system and its buildings as a whole have suffered severe flood damage and multiple destruction in wars.

For centuries, there were repeated disputes between the imperial city of Augsburg and the Wittelsbachers , whose territory, ducal Bavaria, bordered on the east bank of the Lech, about the right to divert water from the Lech for use in the city . In 1418 King Sigismund granted the city of Augsburg the right to use the Lech River "to Frommen", to float on it, to erect buildings and, if necessary, to remove obstacles by force. But the Bavarian Duke Albrecht III. 1457 denied the city this right. The dispute ended with the city dropping 2,000 guilders. Five years later, Emperor Friedrich III. a letter of freedom from the city of Augsburg, which allowed it to branch off as many streams from the Lech as was necessary for it. Regardless of this, the Bavarian Duke Albrecht IV had the Lechanstich in Augsburg blocked with stakes in 1468 so that no rafts with goods and raw materials could get into the city. In response, the city in turn closed the river the following year so that it could no longer be navigated. After further escalations, the matter went again to the emperor ( Maximilian I ), who ultimately mediated.

In the 1590s, the Lech shifted its riverbed to the east, which threatened the city of Augsburg with a lack of water. To counteract this, she had new box buildings installed in the Lech, which ensured the supply of the piercing. This in turn angered the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm V , who broke a 64-foot-wide opening in the weir on January 31, 1596 and had a 140-foot-long dam built against the city canal inlet, so that the city had no water at all. So challenged, the city sent 250 workers to grind the Bavarian bank corrections, secured by 160 riflemen. After 100 more Augsburg riflemen had been mobilized and 300 mercenaries had been made available to support the guards, the trial of strength of the Augsburg “water war” finally ended amicably. The Lechablass weir was renewed with free Bavarian wood.

and display information about the image
The controversial indulgence with the buildings before 1595
Plan over the town of Augspurgischen Hochablas, 1762

During the Thirty Years War on October 5, 1634, all the indulgences were burned down by imperial Croats. They were rebuilt in 1635, but destroyed again on September 4, 1703 in the War of the Spanish Succession . They were rebuilt from 1707 to 1710. In 1793 the wooden main lock building burned down due to negligence. On September 20, 1797, the last parts of the French Arrièregarde passed over the Lech and set the Friedberger and Lechhauser Lechbrücken on fire. In the years 1797–1798 a massive new construction of the main lock building took place. In the floods of 1816, 1824 and 1831 the drain weir was damaged and repaired afterwards.

In a devastating flood in 1910 , not only the weir but also the stone main lock building from 1798 was destroyed.

  • The indulgence in the middle of the 18th century

  • High drainage weir 1850

  • Lock house with 350-year-old linden tree and restaurant before the 1910 flood

  • The new high drainage weir after reconstruction, around 1914

  • Inscription plaque on the weir with an overview of the destruction, renovations and new buildings

Today's high indulgence

The high drain, in the middle the gearbox with bell tower

Since its reconstruction in 1911/1912, the Hochablass has been a massive construction made of reinforced concrete , which is bent three times and spans the Lech over a total of 145 meters. The site, which is now a listed building with a pedestrian walkway, gear box and bell tower, was mainly built by Otto Holzer, Augsburg city ​​planner at the time . The plastic jewelry on the western bridgehead (a raftsman and a spinner with spindle , cornucopia and turbine wheel) comes from Josef Köpf .

  • The raftsman symbolizes the rafting in Augsburg made possible by the high drainage.

  • The spinner symbolizes the Augsburg textile industry, the flourishing of which was made possible by the high indulgence.

technical structure

The weir with its "waterfalls"

The high drain weir was modified and renovated in 1935 and 1970. After the severe Whitsun floods in 1999 , damage from underwashing was discovered; The weir was renovated in two construction phases from 1999 to 2003. The weir consists (as of 2004) from the following sections, from east to west:

  • The outflow and overflow of the Kuhsee . If necessary, the water level of the Kuhsee can be lowered by one meter here.
  • Two fixed weirs with a 6.3 m head.
  • Three weirs with self-regulating counterweight flaps.
  • A 20 meter long roller weir with a lock height of 3 meters, the bottom outlet of the weir. When it is opened, up to 154 cubic meters of water will flow through it per second and the undercurrent will tear the bed load , i.e. H. the gravel carried by the river . At the roller weir there is a gearbox with an observation tower and an alarm bell in the roof turret.
  • A 12 meter long weir with a double gate . It has a closure height of 2.50 meters and a passage of up to 55 cubic meters of water per second. The protection board is divided into two parts, so the upper and lower flow can be regulated separately.
  • A weir with a fish-bellied flap for fine adjustment of the upper water level.
  • A fish ladder .
  • A gravel lock with double gate.

The derived channels

On the west side of the high drain weir, the water is fed into the capital stream. Up to 45 cubic meters of water per second are discharged here. The intake structure has eleven electromotive operated single and double contactors.

The capital stream supplies most of the Lech canals in Augsburg's old town and the canals in Augsburg's textile district . From the capital stream, a canal, the Neubach, branches off to the left to the Hochablass waterworks and flows back into the capital stream. Today this former waterworks is a hydroelectric power station, a technology museum and an information center for Augsburg's drinking water supply. The Augsburg Eiskanal branches off to the right and leads back into the Lech. It originally served as a bypass channel for drift ice so that it would not damage the turbines of the waterworks at Hochablass in winter. In 1971 it was converted into a canoe route for the 1972 Summer Olympics .

The new hydropower plant

From 2012 to 2013, a new, completely submerged hydropower plant with two turbines and a new fish ladder was built on the east side of the high drain weir, which is to supply 4,000 households with electricity in the future. The power plant went into operation on December 22, 2013.

literature

  • Franz Joseph Kollmann: The Lech indulgence near Augsburg . 1839.
  • Anton Werner: The hydropower of the city of Augsburg in the service of industry and commerce . Rieger, 1905.
  • Wilhelm Ruckdeschel, Klaus Luther: Technical monuments in Augsburg. A guided tour through the city . Brigitte Settele Verlag, Augsburg 1984, p. 64 ff .
  • Wilhelm Ruckdeschel: Industrial culture in Augsburg. Monuments of technology and industrialization . Brigitte Settele Verlag, Augsburg 2004, ISBN 3-932939-44-1 , p. 37 ff .

Web links

Commons : Hochablass  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilhelm Ruckdeschel, Klaus Luther: Technical monuments in Augsburg. A guided tour through the city . Brigitte Settele Verlag, Augsburg 1984, p. 66 f .
  2. ↑ Michael Friedrichs (Ed.): Hochzoll, a district of Augsburg for 100 years . Wißner-Verlag, Augsburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-89639-908-3 , pp. 45 . , there again quoted from: Rupert Zettl: Lechauf lechab , p. 231f
  3. ↑ The flood in the Lech Valley. In:  Neue Freie Presse , June 18, 1910, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  4. ^ Wilhelm Ruckdeschel: Industrial culture in Augsburg. Monuments of technology and industrialization . Brigitte Settele Verlag, Augsburg 2004, ISBN 3-932939-44-1 , p. 43 ff .

Coordinates: 48 ° 20 ′ 39 ″  N , 10 ° 56 ′ 11 ″  E