Holland (noble family)

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Original coat of arms of the Holland family

Holland (also de Holand) is the name of an English noble family from the place Upholland west of Wigan in Lancashire , which held a prominent position from the middle of the 14th to the middle of the 15th century due to their close ties to the royal family.

history

The family comes from the county of Lancashire in England, where they probably came into possession of the manor of Upholland, which was built before 1066, in the 12th century. The first undoubtedly verifiable member of the family is Matthew de Holland, who was first documented on November 12, 1202. He was able to expand his influence on Newton Harcourt in Leicestershire by marrying a lady from the House of Harcourt (Lords of Harcourt in Normandy ) .

His great-great-grandson Sir Robert Holland († 1328) was raised to Baron Holand in 1314 . He was in the service of Thomas Plantagenet, 2nd Earl of Lancaster , the leader of the aristocratic opposition against King Edward II , who stood protectively before him after Holland's involvement in the murder of Piers Gaveston, 1st Earl of Cornwall (1312). Lancaster's rebellion against the king was, however, the reason for Holland to terminate his allegiance before the battle of Boroughbridge (March 16, 1322), which led to Lancaster's execution six days later. Treason caught up with him in 1328 when he was murdered by supporters of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster , brother and successor of the 2nd Earl.

The family rose to the highest ranks in England in the next generation. Robert Holland († 1373), the eldest son, fought under Edward III. in France, but left no lasting traces. It was his brother Thomas Holland who became the founder of the position of the family - through his own military achievements and two marriages, including his secret marriage to the twelve-year-old Joan of Kent (1328-1385) probably in 1340 and thus before or during the English campaign in Flanders , in which he took part. He fought in the naval battle of Sluis (1340), the battle of Crécy and the siege of Calais (1346) . In 1348 he was one of the founding members of the Order of the Garter . In 1349 his marriage to Joan of Pope Clement VI. recognized as valid, annulled a parallel marriage her family had forced her into shortly after their first marriage. In 1352 her brother John, 3rd Earl of Kent , died without any descendants. Joan inherited the Earldom, which from then on was administered by Thomas Holland from his wife's right.

Thomas Holland died in 1360, leaving behind two sons, Thomas de Holland and John . Another son, Edmund, died in early childhood. Another two daughters were Joan Holland († 1384), who married Johann V , Duke of Brittany, and Maud († 1392). Thomas' widow married Edward of Woodstock in 1361 , from whom they had two other sons, Edward (1365-1371) and Richard (1367-1400), who ascended the throne as Richard II in 1377, making Thomas and John half-brothers of the ruler . Thomas inherited the Earldom of Kent from his mother in 1385 and fought on the side of Richard II in Scotland (1385) and Ireland (1394). He died in 1397, followed by his son Thomas , who in the same year was made Duke of Surrey and in 1398 Earl Marshal of England by Richard II, who was fighting for his royal title . After Richard was deposed in 1399, Henry IV withdrew his dukedom and his offices, and his involvement in a conspiracy against the king cost him his life the following year. He was succeeded as Earl of Kent by his brother Edmund , who died in 1408 without a legitimate heir. The family also lost the Earldom of Kent.

John Holland, the brother of the 2nd Earl of Kent, similarly benefited from his kinship with Richard II. He was made Earl of Huntingdon in 1388, Lord Great Chamberlain and Grand Admiral in 1389 (as a precursor to Lord High Admiral ), finally in 1397 parallel to his nephew to the Duke of Exeter . He too lost his dukedom after the fall of Richard II. He too was executed in January 1400, two or three days after his nephew. John Holland , the son of the Duke of Exeter, received the Earldom of Huntingdon back in 1417, and his father's Dukedom through Henry VI in 1439 . , who wanted to bind the still influential Holland family to himself, whereby the certificate of appointment gave him the second place among the Dukes behind the Duke of York.

The 2nd Duke of Exeter died in 1447, the title passed to his son Henry , who was also loyal to Henry VI. was standing. After his deposition in early 1461, Henry was expropriated and exiled at the end of the year. He spent the reign of Edward IV in Burgundy and could only after the reinstatement of Henry VI. return to England in 1470, where he was incarcerated in the fighting for the throne. Released in 1475 and sent on a campaign to France, he drowned while crossing the English Channel . With that, the Dukedom of Exeter also went out.

Tribe list

  1. Matthew de Holland (* around 1167, † around 1224) of Upholland, Lancashire; ⚭ Margret de Harcourt (1165-1212), of Newton Harcourt, Leicestershire
    1. Robert de Holland (* around 1197, † around 1242) of Upholland; ⚭ Ceciley de Columbers (1201–1298)
      1. Sir Thurstan de Holland (* around 1220, † after 1286 / before 1293), around 1272 knight; ⚭ I Margret de Kellet (1225–1282); ⚭ II Juliana de Gellibrand; ⚭ III NN de Hale
        1. (I) Sir Robert de Holland (* around 1243, † after 1302 / before 1305) of Upholland, 1282 knight; ⚭ Elizabeth (* around 1250, † 1311), daughter of Sir William de Samlesbury (1227–1256)
          1. Sir Robert Holland (* around 1283, † murdered 1328), knight around 1305, 1st Baron Holand; ⚭ around 1308 Maud de La Zouche, daughter of Alan la Zouche, 1st Baron la Zouche of Ashby
            1. Joane Holland (around 1305, † 1340); ⚭ John Radcliffe
            2. Margery Holland (* around 1308)
            3. Robert Holland, 2nd Baron Holand (around 1312, † 1373); ⚭ Elizabeth
              1. Robert de Holand († before 1373); ⚭ Alice
                1. Maud de Holand, 3rd Baroness Holand (around 1356, † 1423); ⚭ John Lovel, 5th Baron Lovel (of Titchmarsh) (1341–1408)
              2. Thomas de Holand
              3. Gilbert de Holand
              4. John de Holand
            4. Thomas Holland (* around 1314, † 1360), 1st Baron Holand, 1352 Earl of Kent on behalf of his wife, 1348 founding member of the Order of the Garter ; ⚭ probably 1340 Joan of Kent (* 1328, † 1385), daughter of Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent ( House Plantagenet ), and Margaret Wake , she married Edward of Woodstock in 1361 and became the mother of King Richard II.
              1. Thomas Holland (* 1350/54, † 1397), 1360 2nd Baron Holand, 1385 2nd Earl of Kent, 1375 Knight of the Order of the Garter; ⚭ 1364 Alice FitzAlan († 1416), daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel ( House FitzAlan )
                1. Alianore Holland (* 1373, † 1405); ⚭ I Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March (* 1374, † 1398); ⚭ II Edward Charlton, 5th Baron Charlton
                2. Thomas Holland (* 1374, † executed 1400), 1397 3rd Earl of Kent, 1397 1st Duke of Surrey , Knight of the Order of the Garter; ⚭ Joan Stafford, daughter of Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford
                3. Joan Holland (* around 1380, † 1434), ⚭ Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York (* 1341, † 1402) ( House Plantagenet )
                4. John Holland
                5. Edmund Holland (* 1384, ⚔ 1408), 4th Earl of Kent, 1403 Knight of the Order of the Garter; ⚭ I 1406 Lucia Visconti († 1424), daughter of Bernabò Visconti , lord of Milan, and Beatrice Regina della Scala;
                  1. (illegitimate, mother: Constance of York († 1416), daughter of Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York , and Isabella of Castile ) Eleanor Holland (* around 1406); ⚭ around 1430 James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley, 2nd Baron Tuchet († 1459)
                6. Margaret Holland (* 1385, † 1439) 1399 Lady of the Order of the Garter, ⚭ I John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset († 1410) ( House Plantagenet ); ⚭ II Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence (* 1388, † 1421) (House Plantagenet)
                7. Elizabeth Holland, ⚭ Sir John Neville († before 1420), son of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland
                8. Eleanor Holland († after 1413); ⚭ Thomas Montagu, 4th Earl of Salisbury (* 1388; † 1428)
                9. Bridget Holland, nun
              2. Edmund Holland (* 1352, † 1353)
              3. John Holland (* around 1352, † executed 1400), 1387 Earl of Huntingdon , 1389 Lord Great Chamberlain , 1397–1399 Duke of Exeter , 1381 Knight of the Order of the Garter; ⚭ 1386 Elizabeth Plantagenet († 1426), daughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster ( House Plantagenet )
                1. Richard Holland († 1400)
                2. Constance Holland (* 1387, † 1437); ⚭ I Thomas Mowbray, 4th Earl of Norfolk († 1405); ⚭ II Sir John Gray († 1439), Knight of the Order of the Garter
                3. Elizabeth Holland (around 1389, † 1449); ⚭ Sir Roger Fiennes
                4. Alice Holland (around 1392, † 1406); ⚭ Richard de Vere, 11th Earl of Oxford († 1417)
                5. John Holland , (* 1395, † 1447) 1416 Earl of Huntingdon, 1435 Lord High Admiral , 1439 2nd Duke of Exeter, Knight of the Order of the Garter; ⚭ I 1427 Anne Stafford († 1432) daughter of Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford , and widow of Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March ; ⚭ II 1433 Beatrix of Portugal († 1439), daughter of King John I of Portugal ( House of Avis ) and Inez Pirez; ⚭ III Anne Montagu († 1457), daughter of John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury .
                  1. (I) Henry Holland (* 1430, † drowned 1475), 1447 3rd Duke of Exeter, Earl of Huntingdon, 1450 Lord High Admiral, ostracized in 1461; ⚭ 1447, divorced in 1474, Anne of York (* 1439, † 1476), daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville
                    1. Anne Holland (* around 1455, † 1467/74); ⚭ 1466 Thomas Gray, 1st Marquess of Dorset
                  2. (I) Anne Holland († 1486); ⚭ I Sir John Neville († before March 15, 1450), son of Ralph Neville, 2nd Earl of Westmorland ; ⚭ II John Neville, 1st Baron Neville de Raby (⚔ 1461); ⚭ III James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas (* 1426, † 1491)
                  3. (illegitimate) William, Thomas and Robert, the "bastards of Exeter"
                6. Sir Edward Holland (* around 1399, † after 1413)
              4. Joan Holland (* 1350, † 1384); ⚭ 1366 Johann V Duke of Brittany († 1399) ( House of France-Dreux )
              5. Maud Holland († 1392); ⚭ 1380 Walram III. of Luxembourg , Count of Ligny , Count of Saint-Pol ( House of Luxemburg-Ligny )
            5. Sir Otho Holland (* around 1316, † 1359), 1348 founding member of the Order of the Garter
            6. John Holland (* around 1318)
            7. Maud Holland (* around 1319); ⚭ Thomas Swinnerton
            8. Alan Holland (around 1320, † 1339)
            9. Elizabeth Holland (* around 1320); ⚭ Henry FitzRoger
            10. Margaret Holland (* around 1322, † 1349)
            11. Jane Holland (* around 1326)
            12. Eleanor Holland (* around 1327, † 1341)
            13. Isabella Holland (* around 1328), lover of John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey († 1347) ( House Plantagenet )
          2. Adam Holland
          3. William Holland
          4. Avena Holland ⚭ Adam Austyn de Hibernia
        2. (I) William Holland, of Sharples
        3. (I) Richard Holland
        4. (I) Roger Holland
        5. (I) Adam Holland
        6. (II) Thurstan Holland
        7. (II) Adam Holland
        8. (II) Elias Holland
        9. (II) Simon Holland, of Pemberton, Wigan and Golbourne
      2. Adam Holland, of Euxton
      3. Richard Holland, of Sutton
      4. Matthew Holland
      5. Robert Holland
      6. Roger Holland
  2. Alan de Holland

literature

  • Holand. In: George Edward Cokayne (Ed.): The Complete Peerage . Volume 4, George Bell & Sons, London 1892, pp. 236-237 ( archive.org ).
  • Kent. In: George Edward Cokayne (Ed.): The Complete Peerage. Volume 4, George Bell & Sons, London 1892, pp. 351-353 ( archive.org ).
  • Exeter. In: George Edward Cokayne, Vicary Gibbs (Eds.): The Complete Peerage. Volume 5, The St Catherine Press, London 1926, pp. 195-215 ( archive.org ).
  • Edgar Swinton Holland, William Fergusson Irvine: A history of the family of Holland of Mobberley and Knutsford. The Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh 1902 ( archive.org ).
  • Bernard Henry Holland: The Lancashire Hollands. John Murray, London 1917 ( archive.org ).
  • J. Antony Tuck: Exeter, Duke of. In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages , Volume IV, Column 169.
  • J. Antony Tuck: Holland. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters , Volume V, columns 88–89.
  • John R. Maddicott: Thomas of Lancaster 1307-1322. 1970.
  • J. Antony Tuck: Richard II an the English Nobility. 1973.
  • Richard Barber Edward Prince of Wales and Aquitaine. 1978.
  • Ernest Fraser Jacob: Henry V and the Invasion of France. 1947.
  • John Lavan Kirby: Henry IV of England. 1970.
  • Ralph Alan Griffiths: The reign of King Henry VI. 1981.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Family of Holland: Holland of Upholland. In: Edgar Swinton Holland: A history of the family of Holland of Mobberley and Knutsford. The Ballantyne Press, Edinburgh 1902, pp. 1-16 (3).