Harcourt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Harcourt
Harcourt Coat of Arms
Harcourt (France)
Harcourt
region Normandy
Department Your
Arrondissement Bernay
Canton Brionne
Community association Intercom Bernay Terres de Normandie
Coordinates 49 ° 10 ′  N , 0 ° 47 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 10 ′  N , 0 ° 47 ′  E
height 81-147 m
surface 15.20 km 2
Residents 1,068 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 70 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 27800
INSEE code 27311

Saint-Ouen church

Harcourt one is commune with 1,068 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy .

Panoramic view of the Château d'Harcourt

geography

Harcourt is located in the Campagne du Neubourg , about 35 kilometers northwest of Évreux , the capital of the department, 17 kilometers northeast of Bernay and 6.8 kilometers southeast of the canton capital Brionne , between La Haye-de-Calleville in the north and Thibouville in the south. The municipality covers 1520 hectares, the mean height is 114 meters above sea ​​level , the Mairie stands at a height of 134 meters.

Harcourt is assigned to a type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ) climate zone : warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.

history

The name of the place comes from a follower of the Viking Rollo , the Jarl Hariulf (Hariôlfr) and the Latin name of his property as Hariulfi Curtis . 1030-1035 Harcourt appears in a Latin document as Herolcurt . In his Gesta Normannorum Ducum (1060) Wilhelm von Jumièges mentions the first attested feudal lord of Harcourt, Anschetilli de Harecurt (Anquetil d'Harcourt, 1020-1066, killed in the battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066). Ordericus Vitalis (1075–1142) calls Harcourt in his Historia Ecclesiastica Harulfi-Corte.

Harcourt is the ancestral seat of the House of Harcourt, one of the oldest noble families in France. In 1338, King Philip VI established of France the county of Harcourt for Jean IV. d'Harcourt († 1346). The county consisted of the castellanies (Châtellenies) Lillebonne , Les Trois-Pierres , Notre-Dame-de-Gravenchon and La Saussaye , as well as several fiefs .

During the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Harcourt was captured by the English in 1418 after the castle had been besieged for three weeks. In 1429 Jean de Dunois recaptured Harcourt. John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury retired to Harcourt in 1449. The following year, Jean de Dunois Harcourt again conquered for the French.

Jean de Graveron, Seigneur of Sainte-Colombe and La Haye-de-Calleville captured Harcourt Castle in 1590 during the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598) for the Holy League .

In 1700, the county of Harcourt was raised by Louis XIV for François d'Harcourt (1689-1750) to the duchy.

In 1786 Louis XVI stayed overnight . at Harcourt Castle when he was on his way to Cherbourg .

old hospice

During the French Revolution (1789-1799) Harcourt was renamed Champ-Social . In 1793 Harcourt received parish status and in 1801 the right to local government.

During the Second World War (1939–1945), the Wehrmacht posted cannons in the town center in August 1944 . On August 24th, the Wehrmacht withdrew from the approaching Allies and blew up a tank behind the church and several ammunition trucks at the entrance to the village.

Incorporations

Between 1795 and 1800 Chrétienville was incorporated, a parish that in 1793 had 322 inhabitants.

The hamlet of Caillouet was removed from the municipality in 1852 and assigned to Brionne.

Number of inhabitants
(source:)
year 1793 1831 1866 1872 1931 1946 1954 1990 2006 2017
Residents 947 1,339 966 1.011 638 706 805 957 908 1,068

Harcourt had the most inhabitants in 1831, then the population fell until 1931 and then rose again.

politics

Harcourt is part of the Bernay arrondissement and the Brionne canton .

The municipality's coat of arms is red with two golden bars (de gueules à deux fasces d'or) . The heraldic color "gold" is shown in yellow on coats of arms.

Culture and sights

Facade of the Château d'Harcourt, 17th century

Buildings

The Saint-Ouen church was built in the 13th century; the choir with apse and bell tower from that period are still preserved today. The facade was renewed in the 16th century. In the church there is a chambre de charité (literally "charity chamber") from the 16th century and a sacristy from the 17th century. The chambre de charité serves or served as a warehouse for the Confrérie de charité of Brionne. In 1850 the facade was renovated. In the church there is a choir desk from the 17th century and a baptismal font from the end of the 13th century. The church is classified as a Monument historique (historical monument).

Harcourt Town Hall originally belonged to the Domain d'Harcourt. The building from the late Middle Ages was acquired by the municipality in 1848. The market hall was on the ground floor and the Mairie was set up on the first floor .

The old priory Notre-Dame du Parc in Harcourt was founded in 1255 by Jean I. d'Harcourt . In the course of a reformation of the priory from 1634 to 1650, it was integrated into the Congrégation de France in 1648 , a type of Augustinian hermits . Nowadays the remains of the priory, the foundation of the square bell tower, two 18th century pavilions and a few medieval columns and capitals lie on private property. Nothing remains of the church in which the Harcourt Seigneurs were buried. The bishop of Lisieux Guy d'Harcourt (1303-1336) had donated the windows. In 1386, Catherine de Bourbon, the wife of Jean VI. d'Harcourt donated a bell that was re-cast in 1526. It is now in the Cathedral of Evreux . Another bell from the priory is now in Saint-Omer .

Guard house above the entrance to the castle and parts of the fortress wall

The hospice was founded in 1695 by Françoise de Brancas, Comtesse d'Harcourt. There was also a Romanesque chapel from 1184 on the property. In 1895, parts of the hospice burned down and were restored by 1896. Today the former hospice is used as a home for the elderly .

In the hamlet of Chrétienville is the Château des Rufflets , which was built in the Louis-seize style towards the end of the 18th century for Simon-Philbert Chrétien (1734–1805).

Harcourt Castle

The castle Harcourt (Château d'Harcourt) , not to be confused with the castle of the same name in Chauvigny , was built from the 12th century on the remains of a moth from the 10th century. First the square donjon was built of stone. The castle wall was built in the 13th century . When Jean VI. d'Harcourt (1355-1389) returned from England in 1367 , where he had been held hostage, and had the defenses completed.

In the 17th century, Françoise de Brancas († 1715) had the castle rebuilt. The moat was filled and the ramparts removed to the east. The facade of the castle was renewed with the stones obtained in this way. The renovation work gave the castle the character of a manor house . Inside the castle is a stone staircase from the 17th century. There is a deep well from the 12th century on the terrace of today's entrance to the castle. The castle was classified as a monument historique in 1862 .

Arboretum

Cedar at the entrance to the arboretum

The castle was confiscated during the French Revolution and sold in 1804 to a Paris lawyer , Louis-Gervais Delamare, who increased the cultivation of pine trees on the site. In 1828 Delamare bequeathed the castle to the Académie d'agriculture de France (Agricultural Academy ), which established an eleven hectare arboretum with 400 species of trees in 1833 . It is the second oldest arboretum in France and is one of the gardens ( Jardin remarquable ) awarded by the French Ministry of Culture as “remarkable” . The arboretum includes Douglas firs over forty meters high and cedars that were planted at the beginning of the 19th century, Süntel beeches , real bald cypresses , hanging spruce and giant arborvitae . Two very remarkable cedars of over 30 meters high stand at the entrance building. The arboretum is located in a 95 hectare forest, in which there are Polish larches , Raulis , Nordmann firs and other tree species. The circular route through the arboretum is designed as a “walk-in encyclopedia” of tree species from five continents. Today the castle and arboretum are owned by the General Council of Eure.

Sports

National horse races are held in Harcourt in mid-June , as well as archery competitions .

Economy and Infrastructure

old train station between Harcourt and La Neuville-du-Bosc

In the 19th century there was a brick factory in Harcourt. At the end of the 19th century, a train station was built between Harcourt and La Neuville-du-Bosc , which was served by the former Évreux - Honfleur railway line. The line was closed in 1970 and converted into a cycling and hiking trail over a length of 40 kilometers.

An important line of business for the Harcourtois is agriculture , the production of cider and the breeding of domestic cattle and domestic pigs . Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) apply to pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) in the municipality .

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Lacourière (ed.): Le voyage de Louis XVI dans sa province de Normandie . manuscrit trouvé dans les papiers d'un auguste personnage. Ysec Éditions, Louviers 2009, ISBN 978-2-84673-093-8 , pp. 8–28 (French, first edition: 1824).

Web links

Commons : Harcourt (Eure)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Harcourt on annuaire-mairie.fr (French) Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  2. ↑ Simon Folcuin: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin . In: Collection des cartulaires de France . 1841–1867 edition. tape 3 . Impr. Royale, Paris, p. 425 ( on Gallica - Collection of Documents. Saint-Omer. Abbey of Saint-Bertin. (662–1176)). (Latin)
  3. ^ William, Ordericus Vitalis, Robert, Elisabeth MC Van Houts: The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni . tape 2 . Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-19-820520-1 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  4. ^ Ordericus Vitalis, Auguste Le Prévost , Benjamin Edme Charles Guérard, Léopold Delisle : Orderici Vitalis ... Historiæ ecclesiasticæ libri tredecem . J. Renouard et socios, 1852, p. 455 ( on archive.org ). (Latin and French)
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 141 ff . (French).
  6. ↑ a b c Yves Montron: A La Découverte De L'Eure . Editions Charles Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau 1997, ISBN 2-85480-616-6 , pp. 88 f . (French).
  7. ^ A b Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2  ( formally incorrect ) , p. 294-299 (French).
  8. ↑ Roger de Figuères: Les noms révolutionnaires des communes de France . Lists par départments et liste générale alphabétique. Au siège de la Société, Paris 1901, LCCN  31-005093 , p. 21 (French, online ).
  9. ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 181 (French, first edition: 1946).
  10. ↑ a b Harcourt on cassini.ehess.fr (French). Retrieved February 11, 2010.
  11. ^ A b Auguste Le Prevost , Léopold Delisle, Louis Paulin Passy: Mémoires et notes de M. Auguste Le Prevost pour servir à l'histoire du département de l'Eure . tape 2 . Auguste Herissey, Évreux 1864, p. 238 ff . (French, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  12. ↑ a b Entry No. 27311 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  13. ↑ Entry No. 27311 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  14. ↑ a b c Hervé Rotrou-Langrenay: Brionne et ses environs . Editions Alan Sutton, Joué-lès-Tours 1996, ISBN 2-910444-71-6 , p. 66 + 73-80 (French).
  15. ^ Harcourt (prieuré Notre-Dame du Parc). In: Funds des Archives départementales de l'Eure. Archives départementales de l'Eure, accessed on July 4, 2009 (French).
  16. ↑ Catherine Guyon: Les écoliers du Christ . l'ordre canonial du Val des écoliers, 1201–1539. Ed .: Center européen de recherches sur les congrégations et ordres religieux. Université de Saint-Étienne, 1998, ISBN 2-86272-139-5 , pp. 308 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
  17. ↑ List of Jardins remarquables ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French, pdf, 342 kB) Retrieved March 7, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.parcsetjardins.fr
  18. ↑ A. Blanchard, M. Delafenêtre, Lisa Pascual: Jardins de Normandie . Your. Connaissance des Jardins, Caen 2001, ISBN 2-912454-07-7 , pp. 19 (French).
  19. ↑ Voie Verte d'Évreux à la Vallée du Bec ( Memento of the original of May 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French)  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eure-voiesvertes.fr
  20. ↑ {{Web archive | text = archive link | url = http: //www.quid.fr/communes.html? Mode = detail & id = 15821 & req = Har & style = fiche | wayback = 20090721114459 | archiv-bot = 2018-04-14 00: 47:46 InternetArchiveBot}} Harcourt on quid, no longer available since March 25, 2010.