Plasnes
| Plasnes | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Bernay | |
| Canton | Bernay | |
| Community association | Intercom Bernay Terres de Normandie | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 8 ' N , 0 ° 37' E | |
| height | 113-178 m | |
| surface | 16.06 km 2 | |
| Residents | 713 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 44 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 27300 | |
| INSEE code | 27463 | |
| Website | www.cc-bernay.com/Territoire-Nos-communes-Plasnes | |
 Houses in the town center |
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Plasnes is a commune with 713 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . In terms of the area of the municipality, it is the largest municipality in the canton of Bernay .
geography
Plasnes is located in Normandy in the Lieuvin countryside 52 kilometers southeast of Le Havre , the largest city in Normandy by population, 47 kilometers southwest of Rouen , the capital of Upper Normandy, 45 kilometers northwest of Évreux , the seat of the prefecture of the department and 5.7 kilometers northeast of Bernay , the seat of the sub-prefecture of the arrondissement . The village is located at an average altitude of 146 meters above sea level and is surrounded by the neighboring municipalities of Valailles , Boisney , Boissy-Lamberville and Saint-Léger-de-Rôtes . The municipality has an area of 16.06 square kilometers.
The hamlet of Le Marché Neuf is located on the northwest corner of the municipality, largely in the area of Berthouville . The northernmost part of the municipality is crossed by the route départementale D613 and the Autoroute A 28 . To the south of Plasnes lies the Plasnes forest, which is crossed by the D438 to the east. The hamlet of Les Tuileries is on the eastern edge of the municipal area on the other side of the D438. The southern edge of the forest also forms the southern border of the municipality.
Plasnes is one of the municipalities in the Eure department in which there is a risk of holes being suddenly formed meters deep. The so-called Marnières are old marl pits that can open, for example, after heavy rain, when the debris is washed into the side passages. There are around 60,000 underground cavities throughout the Eure department, especially Marnières and seepage areas . There are nine known marl pits in Plasnes.
Plasnes is assigned to a climate zone of type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ): warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
Archaeological finds from the Neolithic to the Middle Ages
There are thirteen archaeological sites in the municipality . In 1991 traces of settlement in the Neolithic Age were found near the hamlet of Le Marché Neuf . Before the creation of the Autoroute A28 , preventive archaeological investigations were carried out in 2003 in the lieu-dit ('place that is named ...') le Beuron . The remains of several buildings from the 4th to 3rd centuries BC were found in plot ZB25. Found ( Latène period ). Traces of a settlement from the 1st to 3rd centuries ( Gallo-Roman times ) were found in plot ZB15 . The remains of the buildings indicate an agricultural use.
In Gallo-Roman times, a Roman road led from Lisieux (Noviomagus Lexovii) via Le Marché Neuf to Brionne (Breviodurum) and from Brionne via Broglie to Saint-Évroult . This street is now used as a departmental street (D 438). In the western part of the forest of Plasnes, during archaeological excavations on an area of 81 ares, wall remains and trenches of a Roman military camp were found. In the lieu-dit Les Tuileries , Le Métayer-Masselin, an archaeologist from Bernay , found the remains of a villa rustica in 1856 , the ruins of which were later used as a necropolis . Les Tuileries means 'the brickworks '. The villa was about 30 meters long. Le Métayer-Masselin also found the remains of thermal baths : frigidarium (cold bath room), tepidarium (warm room), caldarium (hot bath room ) with swimming pool and sudatorium (steam sweat bath ). The walls were made of flint and brick . Stone formed the corners. The walls were plastered and painted in red, yellow and white. Some of the potsherds wore markings: CVRIVS , CELSI M and SECVNDI F . The markings of the potters CELSVS and SECVNDVS are known from finds from La Graufesenque . Le Métayer-Masselin also found a sesterce from the reign of Marcus Aurelius (139–180) and a bronze strigilis .
The necropolis was probably established in the Middle Ages . Four or six skeletons lay over the stone slabs of the caldarium between walls of flint. Their heads were turned to the east. Outside the thermal baths there were at least six other graves.
Seigneurie and Marquisate
The place name is derived from the word " plane trees " and was first mentioned in a document in the 12th century.
According to Ordericus Vitalis (1075–1142) one of the castles of Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury , is said to have been in Plasnes (Sanctus Remigius de Planis) around 1098 . A Seigneur de Plasnes is said to have participated in the First Crusade (1096-1099). Ordericus Vitalis also mentioned a Roger de Plasnes to whom the castle of Notre-Dame-du-Hamel was subordinated in 1139 . Matthew Paris (1200–1259) reported the death of Rogers de Plasnes in 1191. In 1207 a Robertus de Platano testified to a contract between the Abbey l'Isle-Dieu in Perruel and the Abbey of Les Préaux . In the 13th century, the Plasnes Seigneurie came into the possession of the Malet family through marriage. Guillaume IV. Malet de Graville (mentioned around 1250) married Ameline de Plasnes. Around 1320 Jeanne Malet brought the Seigneurie into the Auricher family through marriage.
In the 15th century, Plasnes and the forest of Plasnes belonged to Pierre de Brézé (1412–1465), at that time the church patronage was divided. In 1492 the Benedictine monastery of Saint-Taurin in Évreux renounced the church patronage of Plasnes in favor of the bishop . The bishop was also allowed to appoint the staff of the Hermitage Saint-Agapit in the forest of Plasnes.
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In 1613 the last duc of Grancey-le-Château-Neuvelle , Guillaume de Hautemer, died and left the lands of Fervaques and Plasnes to his daughter Louise . Louise de Hautemer married Aymar de Prie, marquis de Toucy . He was succeeded as Seigneur François de Prie, baron de Plasnes, followed by Aymar-Antoine de Prie, who was Maréchal de camp . He died in 1714 and was buried in the parish church in Plasnes.
Louis de Prie was born in Plasnes in 1673. He became Mestre de camp and was captured by the British during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714). He returned from there in 1707 and was godfather of Louis XV in 1710 . and married Jeanne-Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf in 1713 . He bought the Courbépine castle for himself and his young wife . Until 1719 he went to Turin as envoy . Upon his return, his wife became mistress of Louis IV. Henri de Bourbon, prince de Condé , who was Prime Minister from 1723 to 1726 . In 1724 the Seigneurien of Plasnes and Courbépine were elevated to the status of marquisate under the name Plasnes . Jeanne-Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf died in Courbépine castle in 1727 and was buried there. In 1744 Louis de Prie remarried, in 1751 he died childless and his brother François-Léonor († 1765) became Marquis of Plasnes. This was followed by Louis II. De Prie, who gambled away all his money and therefore transferred his property in Courbépine and Plasnes to a creditor in 1777 for the equivalent of 500,000 livres . The creditor sold Plasnes towards the end of the Ancien Régime to the President of the Court of Auditors in Rouen, Jacques-Pierre-Amable Chrestien de Fumechon.
After the French Revolution
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1793 | 1.014 |
| 1806 | 1,182 |
| 1851 | 960 |
| 1856 | 858 |
| 1866 | 742 |
| 1881 | 604 |
| 1901 | 503 |
| 1911 | 420 |
| 1931 | 370 |
| 1975 | 479 |
| 1990 | 577 |
| 2008 | 642 |
The Hermitage Saint-Agapit was destroyed in 1792 during the French Revolution (1789–1799). In 1793 Plasnes received the status of a municipality as Planes and in 1801 under its current name through the administrative reform under Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) the right to local self-government . Plasnes had the most inhabitants in 1806.
In the winter of 1870, Plasnes was captured by Prussian troops during the Franco-Prussian War and burned down the Petit Château . On January 31, 1871, the German occupiers demanded the payment of a tax of 1,000 francs . The armistice, signed on January 28, 1871, was not made public until February 4.
During the First World War , the community was only indirectly affected. But soldiers from Plasnes fell, leaving families in grief. After the war, a war memorial was erected opposite the church to the fallen . In World War II Plasnes was occupied 1939th The headquarters was in the Mairie (town hall) of nearby Bernay. In August 1944, Plasnes was liberated by the II Canadian Corps .
coat of arms
The two golden plane leaves in the municipal coat of arms indicate the origin of the place name. The metallic color gold is displayed in yellow in the tinging . The green background of the escutcheon symbolizes nature, the forest. The golden clasps at the bottom are reminiscent of the Malet family who owned the town in the 13th and 14th centuries. Her coat of arms was red with three gold clasps. The chapel in the middle of the shield is reminiscent of the Hermitage Saint-Agapit. The silver horizontal stripes symbolize the two departmental roads from Rouen to Alençon (D438) and from Évreux to Lisieux (D613), which already existed in a similar form in Gallo-Roman times. The metallic color silver is displayed in white in the tinging. A masonry crown hovers over the coat of arms (missing from the coat of arms above), reminiscent of the castle of the Seigneurs de Plasnes . On the right side of the coat of arms is a sheaf of wheat and on the left an oak branch (missing from the coat of arms above), which symbolize the division of the municipality into agricultural land and forest.
Culture and sights
Plasnes has several Chaumières and other half-timbered houses from the 17th to 19th centuries, as well as three mansions from the 16th and 17th centuries and two small castles from the 18th to 20th centuries. La Vallée Castle was built in the 19th century.
The Petit Château ('little castle') in Plasnes was built as a hunting lodge on the foundations of a castle in the 18th century . The writer Jean de La Varende (1887–1959) wrote about the building that it was a “charming little thing” with “splendid, salmon-red plaster”. The castle stands on an artificially created hill, which is divided into several terraces on the south side. The park ends in front of a rectangular pond. The end burned in 1770 and was only in ruins when it was sold in 1939. The new owner had the building and the park restored using preserved parts and added two side pavilions . The small castle is entered in the additional directory of the Monuments historiques ('historical monuments'). In the stairwell there is still a ceiling painting with the coat of arms of the de Prie family . It is said to have been refreshed by the landscape and animal painter Louis Godefroy Jadin (1805–1882) when he lived in Plasnes for a short time.
The parish church of Saint-Sulpice is dedicated to Saint Sulpicius II of Bourges . It was entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques in 1961 . The nave dates from the second half of the 15th century, the choir and church tower from the 16th century. The entrance portal was renewed in the 18th century. The cemetery cross was made in 1785. In the church there are several works of art from the 18th century classified as Monument historique . This includes the altarpiece of the high altar with statues of St. Sulpicius and St. Sebastian and the Rococo - tabernacle and a painting from 1763 that coming from Bernay painter Michel Hubert-Descours (1707-1775) that the resurrection of Jesus Christ is. The yew trees in the church cemetery were officially classified as site classé ('natural monument') in 1928 .
The Roman Catholic community Communauté de Plasnes - Saint Léger de Rôtes belongs to the parish of Notre Dame de Charentonne of the Diocese of Evreux . Although the Saint-Agapit chapel has been destroyed and only a moss-covered wall of the building can be found in the Plasnes forest, there are still people who make pilgrimages there to pray to Agapitus von Praeneste because their children have walking difficulties.
Economy and Infrastructure
Livestock is an important line of business in Plasnes. At the last agricultural inventory (as of 2006) there were 13 cattle breeders, 13 poultry breeders, 4 horse breeders and 12 sheep breeders. Of the 303 employed, 20.3 percent work in Plasnes, 70.7 percent are commuters and work in another municipality in the Eure department. In 2008 the unemployment rate in Plasnes was 7.1 percent.
In the municipality, there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) and Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) .
The section of the D438 in the municipality is considered a zone of increased traffic accidents. An increased number of traffic accidents means that in five years there will be at least 5 accidents with at least 5 people killed or injured over a distance of 400 meters. The last traffic measurement (as of 2006) on the route recorded 1629 vehicles per day.
There is a primary school in Plasnes and the nearest secondary schools are in Bernay. The school buses are organized by the municipal association. The municipal administration has set up an inter-municipal children's leisure center, where various events are held during the summer holidays.
Personalities
- Jeanne-Agnès Berthelot de Pléneuf (1698-1727), Marquise de Plasnes, through her influence, Plasnes was raised to marquisate.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d Le village de Plasnes. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved November 25, 2011 (French).
- ↑ a b c d e ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Revision du Plan d'Occupation des Sols Elaboration du Plan local d'Urbanisme. ) Préfecture de l'Eure, September 2006, pp. 11 + 14-20.
- ↑ Bilan scientifique de la Région Haute-Normandie 2003. (PDF; 5.1 MB) Laurence Ciezar-Epailly, Service Regional de l'Archéologie, 2006, pp. 6,44,56 , accessed on November 27, 2011 (French) .
- ^ Yves-Marie Adrian: A28. Section Rouen-Alençon, étude céramique. ( Memento of July 19, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Archéologie de la France - Informations.
- ↑ Fanette Laubenheimer: La collection de céramiques sigillées gallo-romaines estampillées du musée de Rabat . In: Antiquités africaines . tape 13 , 1979, pp. 114 f., 164 f ., doi : 10.3406 / antaf.1979.1009 (French).
- ^ Dominique Cliquet: L'Eure . 27. In: Michel Provost, Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Ministere de la culture (ed.): Carte Archéologique de la Gaule . Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-87754-018-9 , chap. 93 , p. 83 (French).
- ^ Léon Coutil (1856-1943): Archéologique gauloise . Canton de Brionne. In: Société libre d'agriculture, sciences, arts et belles-lettres de l'Eure (ed.): Recueil de la Société d'agriculture, sciences, arts et belles-lettres du département de l'Eure (= 7 ). tape 3 . Paul Hérissey, Évreux 1915, p. 147-152 (French, online ).
- ^ Ernest Nègre: Toponymie générale de la France . tape 2 . Librairie Droz, 1996, ISBN 2-600-00133-6 , pp. 1257 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ Paul André Roger: La noblesse de France aux croisades . Derache, Brussels 1845, p. 185 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Etienne Pattou: Familles Malet de Graville & Malet de Coupigny. (PDF; 906 kB) Normandy, Angleterre, Picardy, Périgord. In: racineshistoire.free.fr. November 19, 2011, accessed November 29, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Auguste Le Prévost , Léopold Delisle , Louis Paulin Passy: Mémoires et notes de M. Auguste Le Prevost pour servir à l'histoire du département de l'Eure . tape 2 . Auguste Herissey, Évreux 1864, p. 540–544 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ A b c Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2 ( formally incorrect ) , p. 286 f . (French).
- ↑ a b Plasnes - notice communal. In: cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 82 f . (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
- ^ Michel and Thérèse Mesnil: Le Canton de Thiberville . son histoire, son patrimoine. Imprim'eure, Conches-en-Ouche June 2003, pp. 66 (French).
- ^ Raymond Ruffin: Le Prix de la Liberté . Juin - août 44th Presses de la Cité, 1995, ISBN 2-258-03893-6 , p. 266 .
- ↑ Histoire de Bernay. de l'an 1800 à 1945. In: bernay.net. Office de Tourisme de Bernay, accessed on November 29, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Entry No. 27463 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Entry No. 27463 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Adolphe-André Porée : Un peintre bernayen . Michel Hubert-Descours, 1707-1775. J. Mlles, A. Lefèvre, Bernay 1889, p. 11 (French, online ).
- ^ List of the Communes. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved November 1, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Notre Dame de Charentonne. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on July 2, 2013 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ INSEE (French)
- ↑ Plasnes. In: Les-Villes.fr. Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French).
