Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle
| Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Bernay | |
| Canton | Pont-Audemer | |
| Community association | Pont-Audemer Val de Risle | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 18 ′ N , 0 ° 39 ′ E | |
| height | 26-149 m | |
| surface | 13.15 km 2 | |
| Residents | 787 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 60 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 27290 | |
| INSEE code | 27587 | |
 Mairie , town hall |
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Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle is a French municipality with 787 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . It belongs to the canton of Pont-Audemer .
geography
Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle is located in the Risle Valley , on the orographic left bank, between the river and the wooded slopes of the Bois des Angles and the Bois d'Avranches on the eastern edge of the Lieuvin . It is 46 kilometers by road southwest of Rouen and 26 kilometers west of Elbeuf in the immediate vicinity of the municipality of Montfort-sur-Risle , which is on the right bank of the Risle. 37 kilometers northwest of the municipality is the nearest airport, the Aéroport de Deauville - Saint-Gatien in Saint-Gatien-des-Bois .
Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle is assigned to a type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ) climate zone : warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
According to a local legend, Saint Philibert (617 / 18–684) of Jumièges is said to have stood on the banks of the Risle with no way to cross the river. He prayed and got a boat for it, which he boarded with his companions. The place where the miracle supposedly happened was then named Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle.
When Rollo (860–931 / 932) divided Neustria among his followers, he kept the Vièvre forest to himself. The forest reached in the 11th century from Saint-Étienne-l'Allier (4 kilometers northwest of Saint-Georges-du-Vièvre ) to the Risle. The Métairie Saint-Philbert was on the Risle at the edge of the forest. Rollo's son Wilhelm I († 942) was married to Sprota according to Danish custom . He had a son from the relationship, Richard I , who was William I's successor as Duke of Normandy . Wilhelm I married Luitgard von Vermandois as a second marriage, according to Christian custom, and Sprota married Asperleng, the tenant of Saint-Philbert, as a second marriage. The child from this connection, Raoul d'Ivry († after 1015), was thus the half-brother of Richard I. One day Raoul d'Ivry saved Richard I's life on a hunt in the Vièvre forest . In return, Richard I gave his half-brother the forest and the Saint-Philbert farm , which he also elevated to a barony .
After Raoul d'Ivry's death, his son Jean d'Ivry inherited the barony. Jean d'Ivry was Bishop of Avranches and later Archbishop of Rouen . He gave half of the lands to the diocese of Avranches . From that time until the French Revolution (1789–1799) the bishops of Avranches were Seigneurs of Saint-Philbert. The forest in the south of the town center is still called Bois d' Avranches today. The barony was subordinate to three, then five knights , the villages of Freneuse-sur-Risle , Notre-Dame-d'Épine and Saint-Victor-d'Épine as well as various fiefs and town houses. It had a seigneurial court (haute justice) , which was later relocated to Saint-Georges-du-Vièvre and finally to Pont-Audemer . By the then prison Nothing remains of the castle of the bishops are preserved parts, is only known from the associated chapel to St. John the Baptist was dedicated (Saint-Jean) .
In the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598) the priory was besieged by the Huguenots in 1562. The north side of the church was damaged by cannon fire and renewed in the 17th century.
| year | 1793 | 1806 | 1846 | 1906 | 1946 | 1962 | 1999 | 2007 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 1,121 | 1.009 | 1,201 | 987 | 758 | 891 | 796 | 792 | 787 |
In 1791 the priory was dissolved in the course of the French Revolution. In 1793 the town received the status of a municipality as Saint Philbert sur Risle and in 1801 as Saint-Philibert the right to local self-government .
During the Second World War (1939-1945) Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle was bombed by the Allied Air Force in the summer of 1944 during Operation Overlord . Three people died in the process.
Culture and sights
Several half-timbered houses in the municipality date from the 17th and 18th centuries. They are partly covered with slate , partly with thatch .
Church and priory
Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle belongs to the Roman Catholic community Communauté de Montfort , which is part of the Montgeoly parish of the Diocese of Évreux .
The Saint-Ouen church is dedicated to Saint Ouen . In 1097 it became the property of Le Bec Abbey, which founded the Saint-Pierre priory . Until then, eight clergymen served there who were subsistence through benefices and who did not belong to any order. The church then functioned as a parish and priory church until the 15th century . In the church, wall paintings from the 14th and 15th centuries can be seen on the south wall of the nave . The south wall itself dates from the 11th century. The choir was rebuilt for the first time in the 13th century , and the floor of the church was raised by about one meter. In the 15th century, the monks built a Gothic style chapel in place of the choir. Church and chapel were separated by a wall. The church was subsequently used by the population and the chapel by the monks. In the 16th century, the southern part of the transept, parts of the choir and the vaulted ceiling of the bell tower were renewed. The north and west walls of the nave were renewed in the 17th or 18th century and the entire nave was restored in the 19th century. The northern part of the transept was destroyed before 1832. The church was officially classified as a " historic monument " in 1896 .
Between 1988 and 1994 archaeological excavations were carried out in the church, during which a Romanesque apse in the choir was uncovered. The walls of the apse are made of uncut flint , plastered with lime mortar and reinforced with three struts . Since the excavations were interrupted several times by floods in December 1993 and January 1994, archaeologists assume that the floor of the church was raised to protect it from flooding. The foundation walls of a destroyed monastery building were found in the extension of the north transept. In the rubble of the building, tokens from the 15th and 16th centuries and fragments of ceramics from the Beauvaisis from the 16th century were found. Therefore the archaeologists assume that the building was destroyed in the course of the Huguenot Wars.
Four graves from the 16th century were discovered in the chapel . The adults were buried in wooden coffins and wore habits interwoven with gold thread . The chapel was used for church services until 1791 and was transformed into an agricultural building in the 19th century.
The Saint-Pierre priory was dedicated to the apostle Simon Peter . It was founded after 1097 and before 1112. In 1521 the priory consisted of monastery buildings, a pigeon house , barn , mill and fish ponds. Parts of the walls around the property and the entrance portal date from the 17th century. The current pigeon house dates from the 18th century, a canal surrounds the former residential buildings of the priory and drives a water wheel from the 18th century. The residential building of the monastery was destroyed after 1832 and replaced by a manor house .
There are several statues in the church. A statue of Saint Chrodechild (474-544) is still venerated today as a miracle worker. The believers tie white ribbons around the statue's right wrist and ask for the protection of their children from diseases.
Barony Castle
The castle of the bishops of Avranches (Château fort de la baronnie) was built in the 13th or 14th century. The original chapel was built in the 11th century. In the 18th century it was completely replaced by a new building. The former residential building has been destroyed. The fortifications with six towers have been preserved, they are privately owned.
Castle de la Cour
The La Cour fief was first mentioned in documents in 1376. The fiefdom, the Château de la Cour , is located in the valley, south of the hamlet of La Baronnie . It was built in the second half of the 16th century. The building had two floors , the ground floor is made of stone and flint , the first floor is built using timber framing. In the 19th century the windows were enlarged and a balcony was added on the valley side.
economy
North of the priory on the Risle was the seigneurial flour mill . It was operated hydraulically by a water wheel, converted into a weaving mill in 1845 and later enlarged. It was in operation well into the 20th century. For the workers of this factory there was a working class neighborhood . The hamlet was named after the factory Le Tissage ('the weaving mill').
In 1885, Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle and Montfort-sur-Risle were the first cities in France to have electric street lighting. The carpenter Augustin Hébert was born in Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle in 1860. In 1878 he saw the "Gramme machine" by Zénobe Gramme (1826–1901) at the Paris World Exhibition . He then set up a workshop in Montfort-sur-Risle and used the hydraulic power of the Risle to generate electricity. After the light bulb by Thomas Alva Edison was operational (1847-1931), illuminated Augustin Hébert first his workshop and then the road that leads from Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle Montfort-sur-Risle.
Today, controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) apply in the municipality. .
Personalities
- Augustin Hébert (1860–1944), carpenter and electrician , set up the first street lighting in France, and in 1939 received the Order of the Knight of the Legion of Honor (Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur) .
- Michel Piccoli (1925-2020), French actor
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Village de Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved October 6, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Auguste Le Prevost : Mémoires et notes de M. Auguste Le Prevost pour servir à l'histoire du département de l'Eure . Ed .: Léopold Delisle , Louis Paulin Passy. tape 3 . Auguste Herissey, Évreux 1869, p. 117 f. + 183-185 (French, from Archive.org [accessed August 10, 2010]).
- ↑ a b c Nicolas Wasylyszyn: Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle de la Collégiale Saint-Philbert au Prieuré Saint-Pierre . In: Amis des Monuments et Sites de l'Eure, Pierre Roussel (ed.): Monuments et Sites de l'Eure . No. 143 , June 2012, ISSN 1253-9570 , p. 42-46 (French).
- ↑ Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved August 18, 2010 (French).
- ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 176 + 181 (French, first published in 1946).
- ↑ Montgeoly. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on September 22, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle. In: Base Mérimée. Ministère de la culture, accessed August 18, 2010 (French).
- ↑ Bernard Verwaerde: A quels saints se vouer? ... dans l'Eure . les saints protecteurs et guérisseurs. Editions Page de Garde, Caudebec-lès-Elbeuf 2001, ISBN 2-84340-191-7 , p. 64 (French).
- ^ A b Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2 ( formally incorrect ) , p. 220 (French).
- ^ Augustin Hébert et la fée "électricité". (No longer available online.) Office de Tourisme de Cormeilles, archived from the original on July 24, 2011 ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 1885-1985 St Philbert fête Augustin Hébert. (PDF; 2.6 MB) In: www.amcp27.fr. association Montfort Culture et Patrimoine, accessed August 18, 2010 (French).
- ↑ https://www.paris-normandie.fr/actualites/societe/l-acteur-michel-piccoli-est-decede-chez-lui-dans-son-manoir-de-saint-philbert-sur-risle-dans -l-your-AI16787698
