Montfort-sur-Risle

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Montfort-sur-Risle
Coat of arms of Montfort-sur-Risle
Montfort-sur-Risle (France)
Montfort-sur-Risle
region Normandy
Department Your
Arrondissement Bernay
Canton Pont-Audemer
Community association Pont-Audemer Val de Risle
Coordinates 49 ° 18 ′  N , 0 ° 40 ′  E Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′  N , 0 ° 40 ′  E
height 27-102 m
surface 3.94 km 2
Residents 761 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 193 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 27290
INSEE code

Mairie , town hall

Montfort-sur-Risle is a French municipality with 761 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . It is the capital of the canton of Pont-Audemer .

geography

Montfort-sur-Risle is located on the western edge of the Roumois in the Risle Valley , on the orographically right bank, between the river and the urban forest Forêt Domaniale de Montfort . It is 45 kilometers by road southwest of Rouen and 25 kilometers west of Elbeuf in the immediate vicinity of the municipality of Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle , which is on the left bank of the Risle.

history

Montfort-sur-Risle was founded in Gallo-Roman times and owes its original name Mons Fortis to the mountain on which the Roman troops built their first fortifications. The village was on the Roman road from Lillebonne (Juliobona) to Brionne (Breviodurum) .

Castle ruins

The first Seigneur of Montfort-sur-Risle was Toustain de Bastembourg, he was mentioned in a document in 980. His son Hugues I de Montfort named himself after the castle , which was expanded during the Norman invasion or was rebuilt on the foundations of older buildings. Hugues II. De Montfort took part in the Battle of Mortemer (1054) and the Battle of Hastings (1066) on the side of William I the Conqueror . For his achievements in the battles he received stately homes in England. He later retired to Le Bec Abbey as a monk . Hugues III. de Montfort had repairs carried out on the castle. He died on a trip through Palestine and left no heirs, so that Montfort-sur-Risle fell by marriage to Gislebert de Gand, whose son Hugues (IV.) Called himself de Montfort again . In 1123 he took part in the revolt against Henry I of England with his brother-in-law Galéran IV. De Meulan . The uprising was put down in 1124, Montfort-sur-Risle was set on fire and the castle was taken. Hugues IV was imprisoned for fourteen years and his property confiscated. Heinrich I gave the castle to Galéran IV. De Meulan in 1128. Robert, the first-born son Hugues IV. Imprisoned Galéran IV. In the castle of Orbec in 1153 and forced him to return Montfort-sur-Risle. In 1154 Galéran IV tried unsuccessfully to recapture the castle. In 1173 Robert de Montfort took part in the rebellion of Henry the Younger against his father Henry II of England. Robert died in 1178, Montfort-sur-Risle fell to Henry II and his son Johann Plantagenêt , who had the castle razed around 1203 so that it could not fall into the hands of Philip II of France. In 1204 the village fell to Philip II, who in 1206 united Normandy with the Kingdom of France. After the castle was destroyed, Montfort-sur-Risle lost its importance and was hardly mentioned in a document.

Goats on the castle ruins

In 1353, John II of France ceded the Vicomté Pont-Audemer and Montfort-sur-Risle to Charles II . Most of the village was owned by citizens, only about a quarter of the parish was owned by Seigneurs. These were the fiefs de la Motte and Fontainecourt .

In 1478, Simon du Bosc divided their mother's inheritance among themselves. Simon inherited a fiefdom in Montfort. His grandson was the first of his family, who called himself Seigneur du Franc-Manoir . The family owned the fief until the 18th century.

1793 received Montfort-sur-Risle as Montfort in the course of the French Revolution (1789-1799) the status of a municipality and 1801 as Montfort-sur-Rille the right to local self-government .

During the Second World War (1939–1945), Montfort-sur-Risle was bombed by the Allied Air Force on August 13 and 17, 1944 during Operation Overlord . Eight people died in the process.

Number of inhabitants
year 1793 1861 1921 1962 1990 2009 2017
Residents 444 687 502 754 913 824 761

The community had the fewest inhabitants in 1793 (444), then the village grew until 1861. In the second half of the 20th century, the community grew again and in 1990 had the most inhabitants (913).

Attractions

View from the castle hill into the Risle valley to the Château de la Motte

The Risle valley is classified as a site classé ("natural monument").

Buildings

The ruins of the castle date from the 11th century, they were entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques ("historical monuments") in 1937 . The first fortifications on their site were built in Gallo-Roman times, and the castle was destroyed around 1203. It was built on a plot of 4.5 hectares and was protected by two deep moats separated by a high wall.

The Mairie ("Town Hall") was built in the 19th century. On the front facade it is decorated with the coat of arms and a lettering of the name of the community.

The fiefdom de la Motte was first mentioned in documents in 1472. At that time it belonged to Rogerin Rabasse, the founder of the convent of the Pénitents Sainte-Barbe ("Penitent Community of Barbara of Nicomedia ") in Canteleu , and remained in the family's possession until the 17th century. Then it came into the possession of the de La Houssaye family through marriage . It was sold in 1746. In 1965 the municipality bought the building. The property is north of the town center, only a few parts of the once important Château de la Motte have survived. The preserved parts include a dovecote , a chapel and the former seigneurial residential building in the style of revolutionary architecture .

The Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul Church

The Franc Manoir mansion was first mentioned in a document in 1478. The current mansion was built around 1750. It was sold several times after the French Revolution. It is privately owned.

The parish church of Saint-Pierre-Saint-Paul was built in the 12th century, only supporting pillars have survived from that time. The bell tower was built in the first half of the 13th century. In 1755 the choir and nave were practically rebuilt. In 1870 the church was restored. The church was donated by Robert I de Montfort and given to Le Bec Abbey.

The Roman Catholic Community of Montfort is part of the parish of Montgeoly in the diocese of Évreux .

Economy and Infrastructure

In the municipality there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Camembert (Camembert de Normandie) , Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (cider) de Normandie and Cider normand) .

Montfort-sur-Risle is crossed by the D130 département road . 38 kilometers northwest of the municipality is the nearest airport, the Aéroport de Deauville - Saint-Gatien in Saint-Gatien-des-Bois .

In 1885, Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle and Montfort-sur-Risle were the first cities in France to have electric street lighting. The carpenter Augustin Hébert was born in Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle in 1860. In 1878 he saw the "Gramme machine" by Zénobe Gramme (1826–1901) at the Paris World Exhibition . He then set up a workshop in Montfort-sur-Risle and used the hydraulic power of the Risle to generate electricity. After the light bulb by Thomas Alva Edison was operational (1847-1931), illuminated Augustin Hébert first his workshop and then the road that leads from Saint-Philbert-sur-Risle Montfort-sur-Risle.

Personalities

Self-portrait by Albert Lebourg
  • Albert Lebourg (1849–1928), painter and member of the Académie des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de Rouen ("Academy of Science and Fine Arts")
  • Augustin Hébert (1860–1944), carpenter and electrician , set up the first street lighting in France, and in 1939 received the Order of the Knight of the Legion of Honor (Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur) .

Web links

Commons : Montfort-sur-Risle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Village de Montfort-sur-Risle. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved July 22, 2010 (French).
  2. ^ VR 17: De Boulogne à Narbonne par l'ouest de la France. In: Itinéraires Romains en France. Retrieved July 22, 2010 (French).
  3. Auguste Le Prevost : Mémoires et notes de M. Auguste Le Prevost pour servir à l'histoire du département de l'Eure . Ed .: Léopold Delisle , Louis Paulin Passy. tape 2 . Auguste Herissey, Évreux 1864, p. 416-420 (French, from Archive.org [accessed July 22, 2010]).
  4. ^ A b Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2  ( formally incorrect ) , p. 220 f . (French).
  5. A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 176 + 181 (French, first published in 1946).
  6. Montfort-sur-Risle - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved July 26, 2010 (French).
  7. List of the municipality of Eure. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture of Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eure.pref.gouv.fr
  8. a b c Montfort-sur-Risle. In: Base Mérimée. Ministère de la culture, accessed July 25, 2010 (French).
  9. Montgeoly. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on September 22, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / evreux.catholique.fr
  10. Lebourg, Charles Albert. In: Base Joconde . Ministère de la culture, accessed July 25, 2010 (French).
  11. ^ Augustin Hébert et la fée "électricité". (No longer available online.) Office de Tourisme de Cormeilles, archived from the original on July 24, 2011 ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.office-tourisme-cormeilles.com
  12. 1885-1985 St Philbert fête Augustin Hébert. (PDF; 2.6 MB) In: www.amcp27.fr. association Montfort Culture et Patrimoine, accessed August 18, 2010 (French).