Bazoques
| Bazoques | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Bernay | |
| Canton | Beuzeville | |
| Community association | Lieuvin Pays d'Auge | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 10 ′ N , 0 ° 33 ′ E | |
| height | 169-182 m | |
| surface | 6.9 km 2 | |
| Residents | 161 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 23 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 27230 | |
| INSEE code | 27046 | |
 Sheep at the Saint-Martin church |
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Bazoques is a commune with 161 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy .
geography
Bazoques is located in the Lieuvin countryside , 46 kilometers southeast of Le Havre , about ten kilometers north of Bernay , the seat of the sub-prefecture of the arrondissement , and about eight kilometers northeast of Thiberville , the capital of the canton , at an average altitude of 176 meters above the Sea level . The village is surrounded by the neighboring municipalities of Le Favril , Le Theil-Nolent , Boissy-Lamberville , Morsan and Giverville . The municipality has an area of 6.9 square kilometers. The center of Bazoques is on the D834 département road from Bernay to Pont-Audemer .
Bazoques is assigned to a climate zone of type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ): warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
Bazoques was on a side road of the Roman road from Lisieux (Noviomagus) to Brionne (Breviodurum) , which led via Bazoques, Morsan and Brétigny to Pont-Authou . The place name originated in the Merovingian period from the Latin word basilicae and means 'churches'. The place name was first mentioned as Basoches in 1246 in the copial book of the Coming Saint-Étienne de Renneville in Sainte-Colombe-la-Commanderie . 1350 he emerged as Basoquiae in Urbar on the diocese of Lisieux. To the south-east of the town center near the former Roman road in the lieu-dit ('place that is called ..') la Butte-Chausée there are traces of a medieval moth .
Bazoques had four important fiefdoms : Le Bosc-Guéret, Caudecotte, Val-Ricard and Vastine. In the 19th century, Le Bosc-Guéret still belonged to the Duval de Bosc-Guéret family, who also provided the mayor ('mayor') of the municipality. Val-Ricard has only been part of Bazoques since 1869, before it was divided between Folleville and Bazoques. Vastine was first mentioned in a document in 1191. At the beginning of the 18th century it belonged to the Cordoüen family , in 1784 it belonged to Georges François Hardy de Boisdavid, an official at the Normandy Court of Auditors in Rouen .
From the 12th century Bazoques and the church patronage of Bazoques were under the Seigneur of Caudecotte. In 1180 Richard de Caldecote was mentioned in a document in Calida Tunica ( Latin for 'warm tunic'). Robert de Caudecote , probably Richard's son, vouched for Guillaume de Plasnes in 1189 . In 1209 he was also Seigneur of Sémerville . In 1246 Pierre de Caudecôte renounced the church patronage and handed it over to the diocese of Lisieux. In 1360 a battle of the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) took place near Caudecotte , in which the French were defeated due to the overwhelming strength of the English . In 1469 Caudecotte came into the possession of the de Clinchamp family through marriage . At that time the Seigneur de Caudecotte was subordinate to the Comte de Beaumont-le-Roger . In the 16th century, Caudecotte and Bazoques again came into the possession of the de Livet family , the Marquis of Barville, through marriage . Towards the end of the 17th century, Jacques de Livet, marquis de Barville, lived in his castle in Caudecotte and his descendant Louis-François de Livet (around 1720–1793 / 94) also lived there.
The War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) affected the community only indirectly. Louis XIV needed new recruits . Recruits between the ages of 28 and 35 volunteered or were selected by lot by the Provinces and Généralités . They had to do three years of military service, were paid four sou per day and were exempt from taxes for five years after the three years. The king also required the nobles to volunteer. In Bazoques, Pierre de Vauquelin and several members of the Le Velain family answered the call.
French Revolution and 19th Century
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1831 | 371 |
| 1846 | 554 |
| 1861 | 320 |
| 1872 | 392 |
| 1896 | 294 |
| 1921 | 179 |
| 1954 | 205 |
| 1968 | 180 |
| 1990 | 122 |
| 2008 | 154 |
| 2016 | 163 |
1793 received Bazoques in the course of the French Revolution (1789-1799) under the name Basoques the status of a municipality. On the 13th Messidor of the year II (July 1st 1794) some residents of Bazoques founded a political club . There was also a local Comité de surveillance révolutionnaire ('Committee for Revolutionary Surveillance') in Bazoques , which sold the church's furniture and smashed the altar . The committee was subordinate to the agent national of the district, who in turn was an official of the welfare committee . The church was converted into a Temple de la Raison ('Temple of Reason') and used for the worship of the Supreme Being . The refractaires , the resisters who refused to adhere to the civil constitution of the clergy , met in the Caudecotte palace chapel.
The Comité de surveillance révolutionnaire recorded little participation of the citizens in the celebrations of the decadic cult , especially at harvest time . Residents who failed to attend the events were subsequently sentenced to pay a fine or other penalty at the discretion of the committee. A citizen was hired as a teacher to teach the children "reason and truth". She taught the subject of human rights and taught the children to read and write. Classes took place in the Temple de la Raison . On the 2nd Pluviôse of the year III (January 21, 1795), the municipality celebrated the anniversary of the “just punishment of the last king of the French ”. On the night of the 4th Germinal of the year III (March 24, 1795) someone secretly sawed off the tree of freedom . The resistance of the population grew and on the 8th Prairial of the year III (May 27, 1795) the Comité de surveillance révolutionnaire complained that the inhabitants had accused it of terrorism .
1801 received Bazoques through the administrative reform in the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) under the current name the right to local self-government .
On January 31, 1814, three horse-drawn carts with four horses each, a bed with a mattress, sheet, pillow, six shirts, a blanket, 600 pounds of grain and two cattle were requisitioned for the wars of liberation in Bazoques . On February 6, another 32 horses, 52 cows, straw and a horse-drawn wagon were confiscated. In addition, two villagers had to drive the car to Lisieux. In August 1815 the community was occupied by Prussian troops. In January and February 1871 Bazoques was occupied again by the Prussian army. This time in the course of the Franco-German War . The Caudecotte Castle was set on fire and the damage amounted to ten thousand francs . The Prussians also requisitioned goods worth over ten thousand francs in the parishes of Bazoques, Boissy-Lamberville, Le Theil-Nolent and Thiberville, so that the total damage in Bazoques was 21,157.65 francs.
First and Second World War
During the First World War , the community was only indirectly affected. No fighting took place in the entire canton. But soldiers from Bazoques fell, leaving families in grief.
During the Second World War , Bazoques and the entire canton were occupied by German troops in 1940 and liberated by the Canadian armed forces on August 23, 1944 after heavy fighting in Saint-Germain-la-Campagne .
Culture and sights
The Caudecotte Castle, also called Caudecôte or Caudecote , is north of the town center. Only the moat is reminiscent of the original medieval castle . In the 17th century a castle was built on the foundations of the destroyed castle. In 1871 the castle was burned down and sold. The new owner had it renewed using the remaining parts. The Bazoques Mill belonged to the Marquis of Barville, who lived in the Caudecotte Castle. In 1781 the mill was destroyed by a lightning strike . The seigneurial chapel has not been preserved.
The Saint-Martin church
The patron saint of the parish church of Saint-Martin, built in the 12th century, is Martin von Tours . This is often the case with churches that stand on old Roman roads. Martin von Tours is considered to be one of the " apostles of the Gauls ". Parts of the south facade of the original building have been preserved, with a vaulted doorway that is now walled up. The pastor used to enter the church through this door and the coffin was carried out there at funerals. The church's choir stalls were made in the 16th century. The misericords are adorned with carvings of flowers and fruits.
After the Council of Trent (1545–1563), the interior of the church was redesigned in order to achieve better evangelism through better knowledge of the Christian faith. Baptisms and confessions were only allowed to be held in the nave , because it represented the repentant, penitent aspect of the Roman Catholic Church . The choir represented the triumphant church, heaven , so the statues of the saints were placed there. Karl Borromeo was considered a "modern saint" and his cult was promoted. The triumphal beam reminded us that the believers can only reach the choir or heaven through Jesus Christ . In Bazoques, the changes were not implemented until the 17th and 18th centuries.
The choir was rebuilt in the 17th century, the buttresses of travertine remained unchanged. The choir ends in a three-part apse . The nave was rebuilt in the 18th century. In 1865, during repair work on the walls of the nave, so-called vases acoustiques , medieval clay vessels, the opening of which is on the plaster, were found. Their function is unknown. The crucifix on the triumphal beam dates from the end of the 16th or beginning of the 17th century. The porch was completely renewed in 1898. The church tower is covered with slate and houses two bells. The older bell was cast by La Villette in Lisieux in 1789 and is classified as a Monument historique ('historical monument'). According to its inscription, it was donated by Louis François de Livet. The second bell was cast in 1869.
The side altars come from the former Caudecotte chapel and were brought into the church in 1859. They are made of wood carved in the Renaissance style and are dedicated to the Virgin Mary and the local Saint Ortarius von Landelle († 580). In the center of each altarpiece is a painting by Nicolas-Guy Brenet (1728–1792), which is classified as a monument historique . The painting on the left shows the Holy Family . It was created in 1776 and restored in 1990. The painting on the right shows John the Baptist . Two other paintings by Brenet and an altar of Mary were bought in 1804 by the parish priest at the time. The works came from the Carthusian monastery in Gaillon . The paintings depict John the Baptist and Charles Borromeo. The Marien Altar has not survived.
Three statues, the tabernacle , high altar and eagle lectern are entered in the additional directory of the Monuments historiques . Two of the statues date from the 17th century and depict Saint Charles Borromeo or Ortarius von Landelle, the third statue dates from the 18th century and shows Martin von Tours. The tabernacle was made in the 18th century and is richly decorated. It was originally decorated with statuettes that have been lost. The high altar and eagle lectern also date from the 18th century. The yew tree in the church cemetery was officially classified as Site classé ('natural monument') in 1926 .
Saint Ortarius of Landelle was particularly venerated in Bazoques. The Saint-Martin church was a pilgrimage site of this saint, but it had no relics. In 1744 a stained glass window depicting Saint Ortarius was purchased. It is not preserved. In the 17th century there was a Confrérie de charité ('Brotherhood of Mercy') in Bazoques, of which Saint Ortarius was the patron saint. This brotherhood was dissolved by the French Revolution. In 1887 a new brotherhood was founded, whose patron saint was Martin of Tours. Today there is no longer a Confrérie de charité in Bazoques.
Bazoques belongs to the Roman Catholic community Communauté de Giverville that part of the parish Montgeoly the Diocese of Evreux is.
Economy and Infrastructure
The first school in Bazoques was founded in 1813. From 1844, Bazoques and Giverville shared a primary school . In 1855 the municipalities sold the school house. In 1952 a new Mairie ('mayor's office') was built, the building of which also housed the new school. Today it is part of a school project in which the municipalities of Boissy-Lamberville, Giverville and Le Theil-Nolent participate.
Bazoques is a rural community, agriculture is still an important line of business. In the 19th century, cereals and flax were especially grown. The apple orchards were 10,000 feet in length . The apples were made into cider . Fabrics and clothing were also produced. In 2008, only 17.8 percent of Bazoques' workers were working within the community.
In the municipality, there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Pont-l'Évêque cheese , calvados and pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider ( Cider de Normandie and Cider normand) .
In the hamlet of Les Buissons there are two rural hostels that are part of the Gîtes de France network and have been awarded three ears of corn. The gîtes are classified, with 1 to 5 ears of grain being awarded as a quality mark. There is a restaurant right on Départementsstraße.
Personalities
- Louis François de Livet (around 1720–1793 / 94), Chevalier and Marquis of Barville, was Seigneur and patron saint of Bazoques and other localities.
- Richard de Bazoques (also Ricardus de Bazochis , * around 1361), teacher at a school in Évreux , copyist and author of a treatise on music.
literature
- Michel and Thérèse Mesnil: Le Canton de Thiberville . son histoire, son patrimoine. Imprim'eure, Conches-en-Ouche June 2003. (French)
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ a b c Le village de Bazoques. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved November 1, 2011 (French).
- ^ Dominique Cliquet: L'Eure . 27. In: Michel Provost, Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Ministere de la culture (ed.): Carte Archéologique de la Gaule . Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-87754-018-9 , chap. 621 , p. 244 . (French)
- ↑ VR 17.2. de Brionne à Dreux. In: Itinéraires Romains en France. Retrieved October 30, 2011 (French).
- ↑ R. Doranlo: Les voies de la Civitas de Lexovii . Lisieux à Rouen par Brionne. In: Société normande d'études préhistoriques et historiques (ed.): Bulletin de la Société normande d'études préhistoriques . tape 31 . Lecerf, Rouen 1939, p. 180 ( online ). (French)
- ↑ a b List of the Communes. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved November 1, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d Anatole Caresme Charpillon: Dictionnaire historique de toutes les communes du département de l'Eure: histoire, geographie, statistique . tape 1 . Delcroix, Les Andelys 1868, p. 229 f . ( online ). (French)
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 406
- ^ Ernest Poret de Blosseville (1799-1886), Ministère de l'instruction publique: Dictionnaire topographique de la France . Dictionnaire topographique du département de l'Eure. Ed .: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Impr. Nationale, Paris 1877, pp. 13 ( online ). (French)
- ^ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 105
- ↑ Auguste Molinier (1851-1904), Émile Molinier (1857-1906): Chronique normande du XIVe siècle . Ed .: Société de l'histoire de France. Renouard, Paris 1885, p. 150 f. + 323 f . ( online ). (French)
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, pp. 94 + 103f
- ↑ Les Seigneurs de Coulonces . Famille de Livet de Barville. In: Société des Amis du Pays Virois (ed.): Au pays virois . bulletin mensuel d'histoire locale. No. 16 . Letellier, Mortain 1933, pp. 151 + 126 ( online ). (French)
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 58f
- ↑ a b c Bazoques - notice communal. In: cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved November 3, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Émile Sévestre (1876-1930): Lesproblemèmes religieux de la Révolution et de l'Empire en Normandie . 1787-1815. A. Picard, Paris 1924, p. 771 ( online ). (French)
- ^ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 86
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, pp. 61–65
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, pp. 66–68
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 120
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 180
- ↑ a b c d e Le Canton de Thiberville, pages 195-200
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 182f
- ^ Bénédicte Palazzo-Bertholon, Jean-Christophe Valiere: Les vases dits "acoustiques" dans les églises médiévales. (PDF; 1.1 MB) un program d'étude interdisciplinaire. P. 1 , accessed on November 11, 2011 (French).
- ↑ a b c d Entry No. 27046 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ^ Ernest Veuclin (1846-1914): La fonte des cloches . les grands évènements au village sous l'ancien régime. E. Veuclin, Bernay 1888, p. 40 ( online ). (French)
- ↑ May 29th. Catholic. In: Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints. Retrieved November 1, 2011 .
- ^ Paul Guérin (1830-1908): XXIXe jour de Mai . Saint Ortaire, Abbé de Landelle. In: Les petits Bollandistes . vies des saints. 7th edition. tape 6 . Bloud et Barral, Paris 1876, p. 651 ( online ). (French)
- ↑ Montgeoly. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on September 22, 2015 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Site officiel de Gîtes de France. In: gites-de-france.com. Gîtes de France, accessed November 15, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Le Moulin Fleury. In: linternaute.com. Retrieved November 15, 2011 (French).
- ↑ Emile-A. Van Moë: Richard de Bazoques, maître d'école à Evreux au début du XVe siècle . In: Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes . No. 99 , 1938, pp. 423 f . ( online [accessed November 1, 2011]).
- ↑ Le Canton de Thiberville, page 28
