Bernay

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Bernay
Bernay Coat of Arms
Bernay (France)
Bernay
region Normandy
Department Your
Arrondissement Bernay
Canton Bernay (main town)
Community association Intercom Bernay Terres de Normandie
Coordinates 49 ° 5 '  N , 0 ° 36'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 5 '  N , 0 ° 36'  E
height 87-173 m
surface 24.03 km 2
Residents 10,085 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 420 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 27300
INSEE code 27056
Website www.ville-bernay27.fr

Half-timbered houses

Bernay is a French municipality with 10,085 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Eure in the region of Normandy . It is the administrative seat of the Arrondissement Bernay and the Canton of Bernay .

geography

Bernay is located on the border between the Pays d'Ouche and the Lieuvin , 27 kilometers east of Lisieux , 53 kilometers southwest of Rouen and 41 kilometers west of Évreux . The Charentonne and Cosnier rivers flow through the city. The Charentonne is a tributary of the Risle and the Cosnier is a tributary of the Charentonne.

history

The first residents of Bernay were Lexovians , who had settled the Lieuvin up to the Charentonne.

Place name

Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing interpret the first part of the place name as the Gallic personal name Brennus . It is also possible that it is a Celtic generic name . François de Beaurepaire suggests brin / bren ('damp place'). The second element ay is loud Beaurepaire the Gallo-Roman suffix -acu (the property of ') extending from the Celtic -āko (, location, facility of' developed) and in similar place names such as Brunoy and Berny-Rivière appears .

Gallo-Roman time

Bernay was a vicus on the Roman road from Brionne (Breviodurum) to Le Mans (Subdinum) . An archaeological find from Gallo-Roman times (52 BC to 486) was a gold half-stater that was found in the eye socket of a skeleton in 1822. It was a Celtic replica of an Antoninian of Philip Caesar (* 237; † 249). This coin was stolen from the museum in Rouen in 1900 . When a wall breakthrough in the Abbey Church of Notre-Dame de Bernay an epitaph with the inscription "D (iis) M (anibus) M (emoriæ) / Audaci (hedera) / Victorin (o) / Mili (ti) Opt (imo)" found. Translated, this means: ' Consecrated to the spirits of the dead , in memory of Audax Victorinus, the outstanding soldier.' During restoration work on the abbey church in 1978 and 1979, tegulæ and painted plaster were found. Other finds were a bronze scale , which is now in the Musée départemental des antiquités in Rouen, and various sherds of Terra Sigillata from La Graufesenque , dated to the years 20 to 50, and from Lezoux , dated to 140 to 190.

middle Ages

In the Notre-Dame Abbey

Between 996 and 1008 Richard II , Duke of Normandy , gave the area around Bernay to his wife Judith de Bretagne, who founded a Benedictine abbey . The monks drained the swampy area. It was then that Bernay was first mentioned in a document as Brenaico .

Louis IX founded a Hôtel-Dieu in Bernay in 1250 . In 1268 he gave Bernay to his son Pierre d'Alençon . After Pierre's death in 1284, Philip the Fair gave the city to his brother Louis.

In the Hundred Years War Bernay was in 1346 by Edward III. taken. In 1348 the city was ravaged by the plague, which was followed by a drought. In 1357 Charles the Bad took Bernay after a long siege, the old church of Sainte-Croix was completely destroyed. In 1378 Charles V received Bernay back from the English. In 1417 it fell back to the English under Thomas , the Duke of Lancaster . Jean de la Haye and Jean VII d'Harcourt defeated the English in August 1422 in the bataille de Bernay ('Battle of Bernay'), which took place in the south-west of the city on a plain between Saint-Mards-de-Fresne and Ferrières-Saint -Hilaire took place. Then they got to the city. Numerous buildings were destroyed in the course of the battle, including several churches and the manor house in Grand-Camp . In 1449 Charles VII finally got Bernay back.

The old city gate Porte de Boucheville existed until the 19th century

Modern times

In the Huguenot Wars (1562–1598), Gaspard II. De Coligny, seigneur de Châtillon Bernay (1563) stormed . The city was looted and the abbey was set on fire. All churches except Notre-Dame de la Couture were also set on fire. In 1588 about 12,000 rebellious farmers, who called themselves La Chapelle-Gauthier Gauthiers after their original meeting place, found themselves in Bernay and holed up there. Thereupon François de Bourbon, duc de Montpensier besieged Bernay with his troops, conquered the city and the troops plundered and pillaged.

In 1596 and 1650 the plague struck Bernay again.

On February 3, 1790 Robert Lindet was elected mayor. In the further course of the French Revolution (1789–1799), numerous art treasures from Le Bec Abbey were brought to the Sainte-Croix church. The abbey in Bernay was closed and used as a town hall, the abbey church as a granary.

Franco-German War

During the turmoil of the Franco-Prussian War, there were two fires in the building of the sub-prefecture.
Town Hall ( Hôtel de ville )

Since Bernay was on the railway line from Paris via Évreux towards the English Channel , it was important for the transport of troops and ammunition during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). In nearby Broglie lived Duke Albert de Broglie , an Orléanist who worked with the Germans during the war. The higher French military were nobles; some of them did not leave the army but boycotted the war by refusing orders to attack and advising them to surrender.

On September 4, 1870, the people of Bernay learned that Emperor Napoléon III. had been captured and that the French army had capitulated at Sedan . Travelers reported in the evening that the republic was proclaimed in Paris. In the days that followed, a section of the Garde nationale (French Republican Army) was set up in Bernay. On September 18, the telegraphic connection and the train service with Paris collapsed. The elections were suspended. Road signs and milestones have been dismantled or dug in. When the news of the surrender of Metz was officially confirmed on October 30th, a demonstration took place in the square in front of the town hall. The protesters demanded the death of François-Achille Bazaine . From December 6, 1870, newspapers ceased to appear, there was no news from Brionne either, and the rail link to Rouen was interrupted.

In the days that followed, the Germans initially withdrew to Bourgtheroulde-Infreville and Le Neubourg . The prefecture, which was in Bernay during the siege of Évreux, moved back to Évreux. Rail traffic was restored to at least Brionne on one side and Beaumont-le-Roger on the other. In January 1871, on Epiphany, the town's bakers did not make a galette des rois , but rather bread for the poor. On January 21, 1871, the German troops marched on Bernay from the south. The tower of the Notre-Dame-de-la-Couture church was damaged by shells. On the morning of the following day, the Germans entered the city under the orders of Friedrich Franz II and overwhelmed the last defenders. They set up their headquarters in the town hall and shot the prisoners. The post office was occupied, the sending of letters was made a death penalty and the telegraph was destroyed. The German soldiers were housed in the houses of the city and locked houses were broken into. Finally, the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg asked for 100,000 francs and on January 25, after receiving the money, moved on to Brionne. At the end of January there were still 1,340 German soldiers in the city. The armistice, signed on January 28, 1871, was not made public until February 4. On February 23, the post office opened again. On March 6th, the last Germans left Bernay. The French administration resumed its work.

Second World War

In June 1940, Bernay was captured by the Wehrmacht and occupied for four years during the Second World War (1939-1944). On June 7, 1944, the Bernay gendarmerie was bombed by the Allied Air Force . On July 26, 1944, Bernay was bombed twice, killing 29 people. On 24 August 1944, the city was by the 4th Canadian Armored Brigade (4th Canadian Armored Brigade) freed without fighting. The Wehrmacht had withdrawn.

Bernay-Valailles Airport

During the Second World War, there was a field airfield in the northeast of Bernay , not to be confused with today's Aérodrome de Bernay-Saint-Martin (ICAO: LFPD).

From the summer of 1940 it was used by the Air Force . The first user was between the beginning of June and September 1940, the 4th squadron of (long-distance) reconnaissance group 11 (4th (F) / 11).

During the Battle of Britain from the end of October 1940 fighter aircraft of the type Bf 109E of the III. Jagdgeschwader 2 group (III./JG 2). It stayed here until the second half of March 1941. Later the 3rd squadron of the same squadron (3./JG 2) was here again between August and October 1942. The last users were the 1st and 3rd squadrons of Jagdgeschwader 27 (1. and 3./JG 27), equipped with the Bf 109G, which was stationed here between late January and mid-April 1943.

As Airfield B.29 , it also served the British Royal Air Force after the area was liberated as a result of the Allied invasion of Normandy .

Incorporation and population development

Number of inhabitants
year 1793 1821 1836 1886 1921 1962 1990 1999 2009 2016
Residents 5,705 6.332 7,244 8,310 7,440 9,349 10,582 11,024 10,285 10,392

Between 1795 and 1800 Bouffey and Carentonne were incorporated.

Even though the population decreased to 10,635 in 2006, it has almost doubled since 1793. The city had the highest population in 1999 (11024) and the least population in 1793 (5705).

Town twinning

Since 1989 there has been a town partnership with Cloppenburg in Lower Saxony . There is also a town twinning with Haslemere in England .

Culture and sights

Tribune of the hippodrome

The Roman Catholic community Communauté de Bernay belongs to the parish Notre Dame de Charentonne of the Diocese of Évreux . There is also an evangelical center.

Bernay is represented with three flowers in the Conseil national des villes et villages fleuris ('National Council of Flowered Cities and Villages'). The "flowers" are awarded in the course of a regional competition, whereby a maximum of three flowers can be achieved.

The avenue on Mont Milon on the north side of the city center is classified as a site classée (natural monument).

Bernay owns the Hippodrome Victor Labrun racecourse , which mainly hosts harness races .

Buildings

Sacred buildings

The old Notre-Dame Abbey was founded in 1013 by Judith de Bretagne, wife of Richard II, the Duke of Normandy . Judith was buried in the abbey after her death. The Romanesque Abbey Church of Notre-Dame de Bernay dates from Judith's time. The abbey itself was rebuilt in the 15th century, set on fire and plundered in the Huguenot Wars . In 1628 Mauriner took over the abbey, who rebuilt the abbey from 1686 onwards. Today the town hall and the court are located in the former monastery complex . The art museum ( Musée des beaux-arts ) is located in the former living quarters of the abbey, and the bell tower is now the Bernay festival hall.

The Sainte-Croix church

Construction of the Gothic church of Sainte-Croix began in 1372, the choir and transept were completed by the end of the 14th century. The nave was completed in the first half of the 15th century. The entrance portal dates from the first half of the 18th century. The ornate railing in front of the organ dates from the 16th century. There are also three marble- topped wooden sideboards from the 18th century, four 17th century paintings, one of which is attributed to Jacques Stella , and three 18th century paintings of which that of St. Francis of Assisi represents the year 1757. Sixteen stone statues from the 15th century depicting the apostles and from Bec Abbey, as well as the tombstones of Guillaume d'Auvillars († 1417) and Robert Vallée († 1430) and a crucifix from the 17th century, the also from Bec Abbey are kept in the church.

Bell tower of the Notre-Dame de la Couture basilica

The Notre-Dame-de-la-Couture basilica was built from 1340 to around 1400 on the site of an 11th century chapel and expanded in the 16th century. It contains the remains of a crypt from the 11th century. In the church there are two listed bells, one was made in 1658 and bears an inscription in honor of its donors and the seal of the bell founder N. Buret, the other was made around 1500 and bears an inscription in Gothic letters stating that it and their "sisters" were made by Cardin Buffet.

On the former churches of Saint-Jean (district Bouffey) and Saint-Jean (district Carentonne) there are traces of a liter funéraire ('mourning ribbon'). In Saint-Jean there is the coat of arms of Louis Nicolas Dauvet († 1771), Seigneur von Bouffey, on the north wall of the nave. At Saint-Martin, the liter funéraire is on the outer wall. There are three coats of arms on the north wall and four on the south wall. During the French Revolution, the coats of arms were covered with yellowish plaster and the colors of the tricolor . Pierre-Victorien Lottin, also known as Victor Lottin de Laval (1810–1903), later removed the plaster from the Revolutionary era, but the liter was damaged. The coats of arms are drawn on squares with an edge length of 50 to 60 centimeters.

Secular buildings

Hotel de la Gabelle

The Hôtel de la Gabelle ('Salt Tax Office') was founded in 1750 by J.-P. Bréant built and designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel . It served as a salt store and as the office of the salt tax collectors.

The old town hall, Hôtel de Ville , is a half-timbered house that was built at the end of the 16th or beginning of the 17th century.

The nursing school building in the Center Hospitalier Bernay

In the Hospital Hôpital de Soeurs de Saint-Vincent de Paul Notre-Dame-de-Pitié-et-de-Miséricorde , which was founded by Anne de Ticheville in 1697 and moved to the current buildings in 1706, two are listed as Monument historique ('historical Monuments') classified silver plates from the 18th century, a portrait of the founder from 1747 and a painting from 1770 by Michel Hubert Descours. The hospital is now called Center Hospitalier Bernay . It donated the portrait of its founder to the Museum of Bernay in 2005.

Economy and Infrastructure

In the municipality, there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Pont-l'Évêque , Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandy and cider normand) .

Bernay is classified as Ville Internet ('Internet City ') with two @s . The “@s” are awarded to cities that promote the expansion and use of the Internet, with a maximum of five @s being awarded.

On July 1, 1855, the station on the Mantes-la-Jolie – Cherbourg railway line was inaugurated, and today it is one of the stations on the Caen  - Paris line of the SNCF .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Robert Lindet

Personalities who have worked in the place

  • Pierre-Victorien Lottin (1810–1903), archaeologist and painter who bequeathed his collection to the museum.
  • Gaston Lenôtre (1920–2009), pastry chef and author of cookbooks, was buried in the cemetery of the Notre-Dame-de-la-Couture church in Bernay.
  • Édith Piaf (1915–1963), singer, lived in her childhood with her grandmother in Bernay.

literature

  • Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  • Hervé Maurey, Delphine Campagnolle, Sandra Level (eds.): Bernay - Ville d'Art et d'Histoire . Ville de Bernay, Bernay 2012, ISBN 978-2-910156-18-3 (French).

Web links

Commons : Bernay (Eure)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ville de Bernay. In: Actuacity.com. Retrieved July 10, 2010 (French).
  2. ↑ a b c Bernay on annuaire-mairie.fr (French)
  3. ^ Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieu en France , Librairie Guénégaud, Paris, 1989 ISBN 2-85023-076-6
  4. ^ A b François de Beaurepaire (préf. Marcel Baudot), Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de l'Eure , Paris, A. et J. Picard, 1981 ISBN 2-7084-0067-3 (OCLC 9675154). P. 63.
  5. ^ Dominique Cliquet: L'Eure . 27. In: Michel Provost, Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Ministere de la culture (ed.): Carte Archéologique de la Gaule . Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-87754-018-9 , chap. 84 , p. 81 f . (French).
  6. ^ A b Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 30-32 (French).
  7. ^ Michel and Thérèse Mesnil: Le Canton de Broglie . son histoire et son patrimoine. Les Éditions de la Bouteille à la Mer, Paris July 1998, p. 49 f . (French).
  8. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 1–6 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  9. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 12 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  10. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 22–24 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  11. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 27–44 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  12. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 52 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  13. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 62–71 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  14. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 74 f . (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  15. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 76 f . (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  16. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 80 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  17. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 83–85 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  18. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 93 (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  19. ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 97 f . (French, first edition: 1898, reprint).
  20. ↑ Histoire de Bernay (French)
  21. ^ Raymond Ruffin: Le Prix de la Liberté . Juin - août 44th Presses de la Cité, 1995, ISBN 2-258-03893-6 , p. 266 .
  22. ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 176 + 179 (French, first edition: 1946).
  23. ↑ Bernay on cassini.ehess.fr (French)
  24. ↑ Notre Dame de Charentonne. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on July 2, 2013 ; Retrieved November 27, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / evreux.catholique.fr
  25. ^ Bienvenue sur Le Cep de Bernay. In: lecep-bernay.com. Center Evangélique Protestant, Loïc Pouliquen, accessed on October 21, 2012 (French).
  26. ↑ Palmarès des villes et villages fleuris. (No longer available online.) Conseil National des Villes et Villages Fleuris, formerly the original ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.cnvvf.fr  
  27. ↑ List of the municipalities of Eure. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture of Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved on August 14, 2011 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eure.pref.gouv.fr
  28. ↑ Web presence of the Hippodrome Victor Labrun ( Memento of the original of February 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French) Retrieved May 21, 2010  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.courseschevaux.fr
  29. ↑ a b c Bernay in the Base Mérimée des Ministère de la culture (French) Retrieved May 22, 2010
  30. ↑ a b Bernay in Base Palissy des Ministère de la culture (French) Retrieved on May 22, 2010
  31. ↑ Pierre Bodin: Les liters seigneuriales des églises de l'Eure . Amis des Monuments et Sites de l'Eure, Amis de Bernay, Condé-sur-Noireau 2005, p. 35-40 (French).
  32. ↑ Bernay @@. In: villesinternet. association des Villes Internet, accessed on July 21, 2012 (French).
  33. ↑ Association of usagers de la gare SNCF de Bernay (French)
  34. ↑ Guillaume de La Tremblaye. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 14, 2009.
  35. ↑ Adolphe-André Porée : Un peintre bernayen: Michel Hubert-Descours, 1707-1775 . J. et A. Lefèvre, Bernay 1889 ( online ).