Serquigny
| Serquigny | ||
|---|---|---|
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| region | Normandy | |
| Department | Your | |
| Arrondissement | Bernay | |
| Canton | Bernay | |
| Community association | Intercom Bernay Terres de Normandie | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 7 ' N , 0 ° 43' E | |
| height | 66–155 m | |
| surface | 11.40 km 2 | |
| Residents | 1,987 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 174 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 27470 | |
| INSEE code | 27622 | |
| Website | www.serquigny.fr | |
 The Notre-Dame church |
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Serquigny is a commune with 1,987 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy . The municipality belongs to the canton of Bernay . The Roman Catholic Community Notre Dame de Serquigny belongs to the parish of La Trinité Sur Risle of the Diocese of Évreux .
geography
Serquigny is located in the southeast corner of the Lieuvin landscape , 59 kilometers southeast of Le Havre and 9 kilometers north of Bernay , the capital of the arrondissement of the same name . Serquigny's neighboring municipalities are Nassandres sur Risle in the north and north-west, Launay in the south-east and Fontaine-l'Abbé in the south-west. The municipality covers 1140 hectares, the mean height is 111 meters above sea level , the Mairie stands at a height of 82 meters. The Charentonne crosses the municipality and the Risle brushes it to the east. To the south is the 3580 hectare forest of Beaumont.
Serquigny is assigned to a type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ) climate zone : warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
The oldest trace of settlement in Serquigny is the Menhir du Croc from the Neolithic Age .
Gallo-Roman time
Numerous artefacts and building remains from the Gallo-Roman period (52 BC to 486 AD) have been found in the municipality . The Charentonne served as a border between the Gallic tribes of the Lexovians and the Eburovices .
Sometime between 1773 and 1780 a bricklayer destroyed the foundation walls of a Gallo-Roman house with an area of 16.5 × 6 meters on the property of Maubuisson Castle . The house was with limestone from the Senonium ( pierre de Caumont ) tiled . Pieces of white marble plaques and arms, legs and shoulders of broken statues were found in the remains of the building. The same bricklayer destroyed another Gallo-Roman building between 1780 and 1790. The walls of this building were made of brick at the base with a ledge by pierre de Caumont , and on top of flint . The walls were plastered . The plaster was painted in red and blue with floral motifs and the floor was tiled with pierre de Caumont , as in the other building .
In the 19th century, the remains of underground pipes made of terracotta were found near Maubuisson Castle and contemporary historians such as Auguste Le Prévost therefore assumed that the water from the Charentonne had been channeled to the villa through an underground aqueduct . This assumption was confirmed in 1986 when an underground aqueduct was found during the construction of a housing estate near the gendarmerie . The aqueduct began in the hamlet of Courcelles in the municipality of Fontaine-l'Abbé and led to Maubuisson .
Between Maubuisson and the Little Castle, blue and green mosaic stones and green and white marble tablets were found in 1830. The then user of Maubuisson had a room tiled with the marble tablets. A hundred meters downstream from the bridge, workers found the foundations of a dwelling with an area of 4 × 8 meters while digging a trench near the railroad tracks in 1882. The building was covered with tegulae . In the rubble, Coutil found fragments of Terra Sigillata and simple pottery as well as a coin from Lucilla (148 / 149–181 / 182).
Place name
The place name was first mentioned as Sarchinneio . In 1206 he appeared as Sarquignie . Ernest Nègre lists the place name as "non-Roman" and quotes François de Beaurepaire and Marie-Thérèse Morlet. According to Beaurepaire, the place name is derived from the Germanic name Saracho and according to Morlet it contains the suffixes -in and -iacum . The place name suffix - (i) acum is of Celtic origin and means "possession". Serquigny is therefore the "possession of Saracho".
Middle Ages and Ancien Régime
There were also finds from the Middle Ages (late 5th to 15th centuries) in Serquigny. These include three vases from the High Middle Ages (11th to 13th centuries) and a square 80 ares large area in the Beaumont forest, which is surrounded by two walls and a moat. The latter was called fort de Saint-Marc because there was a hermitage there in the Middle Ages , the patron saint of which was the evangelist Mark .
The Serquigny lands belonged to Richard II († 1026) in the 10th century . On the occasion of his wedding in 1007, Richard II († 1026) gave his wife Judith de Bretagne (982-1017), also called Judith de Conan , the area of Bernay, which included Serquigny and 20 other parishes. Judith, in turn, donated 32 hectares of common land ( communaux ) to the village . Judith de Bretagne founded the Abbey of Notre-Dame de Bernay in 1013 . After Judith's death, the area reverted to Richard II. Shortly before his death, Richard II donated the Bernay area to the abbey in Bernay. This again included the part of Serquigny that was not owned by the municipality. Raoul de Beaumont, was custodian of the abbey of Bernay, abbot of Mont-Saint-Michel and related to Onfroi de Vieilles († around 1050). He entrusted part of the monastery property to Onfroi between 1027 and 1040. Around 1088, Onfroi's son, Roger de Beaumont (1015-1094), confirmed that he was in the possession of Serquigny. By marriage, Beaumont came into the possession of the Counts of Meulan . Galéran IV, comte de Meulan (1104–1166) gave his vassal Guy Mauvoisin the Serquigny fief .
Serquigny and Maubuisson
The largest fiefs in the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime in Serquigny were Serquigny and Maubuisson .
From the 11th to the 15th century, the Serquigny fiefdom was owned by the Mauvoisin family. The Aché family received the seigneurie through marriage . Charles d'Aché was cupbearer and grand panetier (bread master) of Francis I (1494–1547). He was named Chevalier after the Battle of Marignano (September 13-14, 1515) . In 1681 François d'Aché sold Serquigny to the President of the Tax Office (Trésorier de France) of Alençon . He sold the fiefdom in 1683 to the Duke of Bouillon .
In the 11th century, the Maubuisson fief was owned by the Erneville family. The Ernevilles had a castle built on the foundations of the old Gallo-Roman villa. The fiefdom remained in the family until 1810. Then Adrien Joseph d'Erneville died without leaving an heir.
After the French Revolution
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1793 | 824 |
| 1841 | 723 |
| 1856 | 971 |
| 1866 | 1384 |
| 1891 | 1053 |
| 1921 | 1441 |
| 1931 | 1188 |
| 1954 | 1454 |
| 1968 | 1794 |
| 1975 | 2112 |
| 1982 | 2236 |
| 2006 | 2146 |
| 2011 | 2153 |
The division into seigneuries was ended by the French Revolution (1789–1799). In 1793 Serquigny was given the status of a municipality under the name Cerquigny and in 1801 through the administrative reform under Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) under the name Serguigny the right to local self-government .
After 1830 the castle le Grand Serquigny belonged to the Marquis de la Croix (1803-1874), who was President of the General Council of Eure. He converted the old water mills into a spinning mill , had the railway line moved to Serquigny and founded the station . The Rouen - Serquigny line was opened in 1864. Then the population increased.
During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the franc tireurs from Bernay and the surrounding area took up positions near Serquigny in the autumn of 1870. On December 13, 1870, the Germans attacked Serquigny for the first time. About 60 German soldiers tried to destroy the rails near the station. The attack failed, most were killed and 9 were taken prisoner.
Second World War
During the Second World War (1939-1945) Serquigny was attacked 49 times between June 9, 1940 and August 8, 1944. 27 times by bombing and 22 times by machine gun fire . 14 people were killed, two thirds of the community area was devastated and 140 to 150 houses were destroyed or made uninhabitable. Around 400 residents were left homeless. The reason for the accumulation of attacks was the crossing of the Paris - Cherbourg and Rouen - Le Mans railway lines near Serquigny . The last days of the occupation by the Wehrmacht in the summer of 1944 were very difficult for the population. The Allies attacked day and night. The Germans looted the bombed houses and blew up the bridges. One of the bridges was from the 12th century. The explosion destroyed the wooden vaulted ceiling of the church and its chapel wreath from the 16th century. On August 24, 1944, the community was liberated by the 4th Armored Division of the Canadian Armed Forces coming from Bernay . The Panzer Division was supported by the francophone regiments Régiment de la Chaudière and Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal .
Culture and sights
There are several half-timbered houses from the 17th to 19th centuries in the municipality . They are covered with straw , slate or flat bricks .
A megalith from the Neolithic Age, the so-called Menhir du Croc , stands in the lieu-dit ('place that is named ...') Plaine de Loquerais . It is privately owned and was entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques ('historical monuments') in 1991. The menhir is about 210 centimeters high, 265 centimeters long and 35 centimeters thick and consists of conglomerate rock ( poudingue ) .
church
According to the land registry of the Lisieux diocese , the Seigneur of Serquigny held the church patronage. The Notre-Dame (' Our Lady ') church was built in the 11th century. The Romanesque entrance portal has been preserved from that time . It is richly decorated and was classified as a Monument historique in 1862 . The rest of the masonry of the church is only entered in the additional directory ( inscrit MH ) . The entrance portal is framed by four short columns. Their capitals are floral decorated. The arches of an archivolt run above it . The arches are decorated with small cylinders (billettes) , zigzag patterns and tori . The facade above the entrance portal dates from the 16th century and consists of dark flint and light stones arranged in a checkerboard pattern.
The nave was also built in the 11th century, but rebuilt in the 16th century. The window openings were changed, new windows were inserted and a seigneurial chapel was set up in the choir for the Bigars family. Two coats of arms have been preserved in the northern part of the transept . They were originally used to decorate a seigneurial chapel. The coat of arms in the modern French form have a side length of 25 to 30 centimeters. These are the coats of arms of Eudes d'Aché († 1423) and his wife Jeanne de Mauvoisin. In 1908 there was also a real liter funéraire from the 18th century with the coats of arms of Pierre-René de la Roque and his wife Marie-Anne Lallier.
The church tower stands between the choir and the nave. It was built towards the end of the 13th or beginning of the 14th century, but rests on four massive pillars from the 16th century. The stairs to the church tower are in a small turret at one corner of the choir. In 1869 the choir was restored.
Three of the church windows from the 16th century have been preserved. They were classified as historical monuments in 1907. Other listed works of art in the church are a relief from 1791, two silver altar goblets from the 15th and 17th centuries and a silver paten from the 17th century.
Castles
The castle le Grand Serquigny (also le Grand Château , ('the great castle')) was built on the foundations of an older building from the Middle Ages or the 16th century on an island in the Charentonne. The water of the Charentonne feeds the moat of the castle, over which two drawbridges originally led. The round towers at the back of the castle were built around 1590, the rest of the main building and the two free-standing pavilions were built towards the end of the 17th century. This makes the rear of the main building appear slightly asymmetrical . The large triangular gable at the front of the castle is decorated with reliefs . The windows are surrounded by Rocaillage , these are small stones that are ornamentally inserted into mortar . Inside the main building, some wood paneling and chimneys in the style of Louis-quinze (1730–1755) have been preserved, which were installed during modernization work in the 18th century. The former cylindrical pigeon house made of brick and flint has been converted into a residential building. Among its other activities, the Marquis de Croix founded a on the castle grounds in the 19th century stud of warm-blooded animals , which much to the development of the breed French Trotter contributed. From 1948, the property belonged to an association promoting the integration of people with disabilities into the world of work. In 1951 the castle was entered in the supplementary directory of the Monuments historiques (historical monuments).
The Small Castle ( le Petit Serquigny ) was built in the 18th century northeast of the large castle near the road to Nassandres. In terms of dimensions, it is more of a mansion . The triangular pediment at the front is decorated with a relief depicting Diana . The stair railing inside is in the style of Louis-quinze . The castle was restored for the first time in the second half of the 19th century by the architect Juste Lisch (1828–1910). The small castle was used by the German armed forces during the Second World War. In 1944, after the Germans left, it was restored again. It is now privately owned and in an endangered condition.
Paulin Gattier, prefect of the Manche department from 1830 to 1836 and Mayor of Serquigny from 1840 to 1849 and 1895 to 1896, bought the former Maubuisson fief and had a castle built there. Today the castle is used as a guest house (Chambre d'hôtes) . There is a park and a small vineyard on the site , where Merlot , Gamay and Cabernet Sauvignon are grown. The former chapel serves as a cellar . There is wine , cider and cider produced.
Local products
Controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider (Cidre de Normandie and Cidre normand) apply in the municipality .
Economy and Infrastructure
In 2009, 28.9 percent of the workforce were employed in the municipality, the others are commuters . 2.5 percent of the workforce worked in agriculture and 37.5 percent in industry. 11.3 percent of the employees were unemployed .
Serquigny train station, which is on the Mantes-la-Jolie – Cherbourg line , is served by trains on the Rouen - Bernay - Caen and Caen - Bernay - Évreux - Paris lines of the Transport express régional (TER) .
Jean Herry was Mayor of Serquigny for 30 years, from 1959 to 1989. He had the post office and the gendarmerie built.
The Serquigny sewage treatment plant was commissioned in 2005 and leased to Veolia Environnement .
education
Max Carpentier was Maire von Serquigny from 1931 to 1940. He had the primary school (école primaire) Jean Jaurès built in 1936. In 2011 102 children attended kindergarten and 160 primary school in Serquigny.
The media library was inaugurated in 2008 and is now used by around 400 residents. In addition to the classic library , the media library offers free internet access on six computers and a wireless internet access point .
Sports
There's a gym in Serquigny.
The Serquigny cycling club is one of the oldest in the municipality. In 2011, the members took part in 403 cycling races and mountain bike competitions. The teams of the petanque club have already won the department's cup competition several times .
Personalities
- Judith de Bretagne († 1017), wife of Duke Richard II.
- Paul Rolier (1844–1918), engineer from Courtenay , became known for his escape as a messenger of the Loire Army from occupied Paris in 1870 and the subsequent odyssey in a balloon . He is said to have inspired Jules Verne for the novel " The Mysterious Island ". Rolier was Mayor of Serquigny from 1900 to 1904 and founded a paper mill there.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ La Trinité Sur Risle. (No longer available online.) Diocèse d'Évreux, archived from the original on September 22, 2015 ; Retrieved August 11, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Beaumont-le-Roger. In: France, le trésor des régions. Roger Brunet, accessed July 10, 2012 (French).
- ↑ a b La ville de Serquigny. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved July 8, 2012 (French).
- ↑ a b c Alexandre Gardin: Les Premiers seigneurs de Serquigny . Miaulle-Duval, Bernay 1893, p. 3–5 + 8–10 + 14 (French, online ).
- ↑ a b c d Léon Coutil (1856–1943): Archéologique gauloise . Canton de Brionne. In: Société libre d'agriculture, sciences, arts et belles-lettres de l'Eure (ed.): Recueil de la Société d'agriculture, sciences, arts et belles-lettres du département de l'Eure (= 7 ). tape 2 . Paul Hérissey, Évreux 1915, p. 156-161 (French, online ).
- ^ A b Dominique Cliquet: L'Eure . 27. In: Michel Provost, Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Ministere de la culture (ed.): Carte Archéologique de la Gaule . Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris 1993, ISBN 2-87754-018-9 , chap. 99 , p. 84 (French).
- ^ Ernest Nègre: Toponymie générale de la France . tape 2 . Librairie Droz, 1996, ISBN 2-600-00133-6 , pp. 869 (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Pierre-Louis Augereau: Les secrets des noms de communes et lieux-dits du Maine-et-Loire . In: Les mots d'ici . Editions Cheminements, 2004, ISBN 2-84478-338-4 , pp. 16 , col. Andigné (French, limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Lionel Prevost (Ed.): Vivre à Serquigny. ( Memento of February 3, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Bulletin d'Informations Municipales. N ° 33, pp. 10 + 12 + 15-17 + 22 + 24f. (French; PDF; 6.6 MB)
- ^ Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 278 (French).
- ↑ Honoré Fisquet : La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana). histoire chronologique et biographique des archevêques et évêques de tous les diocèses de France depuis l'établissement du christianisme jusqu'à nos jours, divisée en 17 provinces ecclésiastique. 1864-1873. E. Repos, Paris, p. 352 f (French, online [accessed July 16, 2012]).
- ^ Véronique Gazeau: Prosopography des abbés bénédictins (Xe-XIIe siècle) . In: Center de recherches archéologiques et historique médiévales (ed.): Normannia monastica . tape 2 . Center de recherches archéologiques et historique médiévales, 2007, ISBN 978-2-902685-44-8 , p. 31 f . (French, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Auguste Bottée De Toulmon: Excursion Archéologique in Saint Eloi de Nassandres . par Menneval, Serquigny, etc. In: Société Française d'Archéologie (ed.): Bulletin monumental . Collection de Mémoires et de Renseignements sur la Statistique Monumentale de la France (= 3 ). tape 10 , no. 30 . Caumont, Paris 1864, p. 256–264 (French, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ^ A b c Franck Beaumont, Philippe Seydoux: Gentilhommières des pays de l'Eure . Editions de la Morande, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-902091-31-2 ( formally incorrect ) , p. 288 f . (French).
- ↑ a b Sa fondation sous la domination romaine. (No longer available online.) In: www.chateauetvignobledemaubuisson.fr. Philippe Plaissy, archived from the original on April 20, 2012 ; Retrieved July 12, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Serquigny - notice communal. In: Cassini.ehess.fr. Retrieved July 13, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Hervé Rotrou-Langrenay: Brionne et ses environs . S. 61 .
- ↑ Alex Gardin: La guerre de 1870–1871 à Bernay . Les Éditions Page de Garde, Saint-Aubin-les-Elbeuf 1997, ISBN 2-84340-037-6 , p. 6 + 27–30 (French, first edition: 1898).
- ↑ a b c d e Entry No. 27622 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 179 (French, first edition: 1946).
- ↑ Pierre Bodin, Pierre Gouhier: Les liters seigneuriales des églises de l'Eure . Ed .: Amis des Monuments et Sites de l'Eure, Amis de Bernay. Corlet, Condé-sur-Noireau May 2005, pp. 161 ff . (French).
- ↑ Entry No. 27622 in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
- ↑ Commune: Serquigny (27622). Theme: Tous les thèmes. In: Insee.fr. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques , accessed on July 8, 2012 (French).
- ↑ Information pratiques on les gares et arrêts. Gare de Serquigny. (No longer available online.) In: www.ter-sncf.com. Société nationale des chemins de fer français , archived from the original on September 2, 2012 ; Retrieved on July 21, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Ballon N ° 33: "La Ville-d'Orléans". In: www.philatelistes.net. Toussaint Coppolani, accessed July 13, 2012 (French).
Remarks
The works of Beaurepaire and Morlet are works cited by Nègre. Since Nègre only uses abbreviations, it is not clear to the uninitiated which works he is referring to.
- ^ François de Beaurepaire: Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de l'Eure.
- ^ Marie-Thérèse Morlet: Les noms de personne sur le territoire de l'ancienne Gaule. Volume 1, 195b