Le Bec-Hellouin
Le Bec-Hellouin | ||
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region | Normandy | |
Department | Your | |
Arrondissement | Bernay | |
Canton | Brionne | |
Community association | Intercom Bernay Terres de Normandie | |
Coordinates | 49 ° 14 ' N , 0 ° 43' E | |
height | 46-141 m | |
surface | 9.55 km 2 | |
Residents | 396 (January 1, 2017) | |
Population density | 41 inhabitants / km 2 | |
Post Code | 27800 | |
INSEE code | 27052 | |
Half-timbered houses |
Le Bec-Hellouin is a commune with 396 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Eure in the region of Normandy .
geography
Le Bec-Hellouin is located above the Risle valley on the edge of the Roumois , 50 kilometers southeast of Le Havre , 18 kilometers northeast of Bernay and 4.1 kilometers north of Brionne . Neighboring communities to Le Bec-Hellouin are Pont-Authou in the northwest, Malleville-sur-le-Bec in the east, Bosrobert in the southeast and Authou in the southwest. The municipal area covers 955 hectares, the mean height is 94 meters above sea level , the Mairie stands at a height of 59 meters. The Bach Le Bec flows through the community. The area around Le Bec-Hellouin is wooded and hilly.
Le Bec-Hellouin is one of the communes in the Eure department where there is a risk of Marnières landslide . The so-called Marnières are old marl pits that can open, for example, after heavy rain, when the debris is washed into the side passages. There are around 16,000 of these marl pits in the entire Eure department. That being said, there is also a risk of flooding from the Bec. In the past, the Abbey of Le Bec was particularly hard hit.
Le Bec-Hellouin is assigned to a climate zone of type Cfb (according to Köppen and Geiger ): warm, moderate rainy climate (C), fully humid (f), warmest month below 22 ° C, at least four months above 10 ° C (b). There is a maritime climate with a moderate summer.
history
Herluin was a knight at the court of Brionne and later became a Benedictine . He founded an abbey in Le Bec-Hellouin in 1039. The village was named after him, Hellouin is the slang form of Herluin. A church dedicated to Saint-André was built in the village itself in 1039 . The church burned down in 1264. It was rebuilt and damaged in 1417 during the Hundred Years War . The village and the abbey were sacked by English troops. In the Huguenot Wars in 1563 they were captured by Protestant troops.
During the French Revolution (1789-1799) the abbey was closed. The monks started to leave the abbey in 1791 and many statues were moved from the abbey to the Saint-André church. In 1792 the grave of Herluin followed, which was only brought back to the abbey in 1959. Between 1792 and 1794 bells and valuable decorative items were removed from the village church and brought to Bernay in two carriages. In 1793 Le Bec-Hellouin (as Le Bec ) received the status of a municipality. Worship services were banned during the French Revolution, which led to a riot of 150 local women in 1795. In 1801 the community (with today's name spelling) received the right to local self-government.
In 1828 the hamlet of Saint-Martin-du-Parc was incorporated; in 1821 it had 104 inhabitants. Saint-Martin-du-Parc owned a church dedicated to Saint-Martin .
During the Second World War (1939-1945), Le Bec-Hellouin was bombed on June 14 and August 13, 1944 during Operation Overlord by the Allied Air Force . The windows of the Saint-André church were destroyed. In 1959 new windows were installed. The Benedictine monks returned in 1948 at the request of the politicians Édouard Herriot and Pierre Mendès France .
year | 1793 | 1806 | 1831 | 1856 | 1866 | 1896 | 1921 | 1946 | 1962 | 1968 | 1982 | 1999 | 2016 |
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Residents | 710 | 546 | 745 | 580 | 727 | 563 | 438 | 338 | 465 | 566 | 470 | 406 | 404 |
The most inhabitants, called Bexiens , had the village in 1831 (745), least in 1946 (338).
Culture and sights
Le Bec-Hellouin is one of the most beautiful villages in France . It lies in a landscape full of bocage (kinky earth walls) and apple trees. Its half-timbered houses and flowered balconies are typically Norman.
Buildings
Le Bec Abbey is part of the municipality. It is classified as a Monument historique (historical monument). The entrance to the abbey is also classified as a site classé (cultural monument).
The choir of today's Saint-André church dates from the 16th century, the nave and bell tower were renewed in 1781. The interior of the church dates from the 13th to 17th centuries. Several statues are classified as monument historique . A stone statue from the 16th century is now considered a statue of Saint Anselm of Canterbury , originally it represented a saint bishop . A painted terracotta statue from the 17th century depicts the Archangel Michael . In addition to the statues, various reliefs are still found today exhibited the fragments of a burial site and two high reliefs from the 15th century. Like the statues, they are listed. The church tower clock has the special feature of not ringing but purring, which means that Le Bec Hellouin has what is probably the only buzzing church clock in the world.
Economy and Infrastructure
In the 19th century there were three flour mills and a blanchisserie ( laundry , bleaching and hot ironing ) in Le Bec-Hellouin. Towards the end of the 19th century, a train station was built that was served by the former Évreux - Honfleur line. The line was closed in 1970 and converted into a cycling and hiking trail over a length of 40 kilometers.
Tourism is an important industry in Le Bec-Hellouin. There are several restaurants, a hotel and a campsite. A large part of the Bexiens work in the service sector (trade, transport, etc.) and in agriculture, especially in cattle breeding. The monks make candles and decorative objects that are sold in the monastery.
In the municipality there are controlled designations of origin (AOC) for Camembert (Camembert de Normandie) , Calvados and Pommeau (Pommeau de Normandie) as well as Protected Geographical Indications (IGP) for pork (Porc de Normandie) , poultry (Volailles de Normandie) and cider ( cider) de Normandie and Cider normand ).
Personalities who have worked on site
- Lanfrank von Bec (1010-1089) was prior of Le Bec Abbey and Archbishop of Canterbury .
- Anselm of Canterbury (1033-1109) was prior of Le Bec Abbey and Archbishop of Canterbury .
- Gilbertus Crispinus (1046–1117) was a monk in Le Bec Abbey and wrote the Vita Herluini , a chronicle of the abbey, he later became abbot of Westminster Abbey .
- Theobald von Bec (1090–1161) was prior of Le Bec Abbey and Archbishop of Canterbury .
- Matilda of England (1102–1167) went to the abbey school (1108) and after 1148 lived temporarily in Le Bec-Hellouin, she was also buried in the abbey after her death. Before 1148 she was temporarily uncrowned regent of the Kingdom of England.
- Paul Grammont (1911-1989) was abbot of Le Bec Abbey from 1948 to 1986
literature
- Linda Dannenberg, Pierre Moulin, Pierre Levec: Pierre Deux's Normandy . Phaidon Press , Oxford 1989, ISBN 0-7148-2576-X , pp. 56-61 (English).
Web links
- Le Bec-Hellouin on cartesfrance.fr in French
Individual evidence
- ^ List of the Communes. (No longer available online.) In: eure.pref.gouv.fr. Préfecture Eure, archived from the original on April 27, 2013 ; Retrieved August 22, 2012 (French). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ A b Le village du Bec-Hellouin. In: Annuaire-Mairie.fr. Retrieved September 22, 2012 (French).
- ^ A b c d e Daniel Delattre, Emmanuel Delattre: L'Eure, les 675 communes . Editions Delattre, Grandvilliers 2000, pp. 28 f. (French) .
- ↑ A.-V. de Walle: Évreux et l'Eure pendant la guerre . Charles Herissey, Évreux 2000, ISBN 2-914417-05-5 , pp. 176 + 181 (first published in 1946, French).
- ↑ Le Bec-Hellouin on cassini.ehess.fr (French). Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ↑ Le Bec-Hellouin, les plus beaux villages de france (French). Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ↑ Le Bec-Hellouin on the website of the Préfecture of Eure ( Memento of the original of December 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French) Retrieved May 12, 2010.
- ↑ Le Bec-Hellouin. In: Base Palissy. Ministère de la culture, accessed July 18, 2010 (French).
- ↑ Hervé Rotrou-Langrenay: Brionne et ses environs . Editions Alan Sutton, Joué-lès-Tours 1996, ISBN 2-910444-71-6 , p. 66 (French).
- ↑ Voie Verte d'Évreux à la Vallée du Bec ( Memento of the original of May 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (French) Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ↑ Le Bec-Hellouin on France for visitors (English).
- ↑ Le Bec-Hellouin - Dossier complet on insee.fr in French, accessed on March 18, 2015, cf. Section Chiffres clés Caractéristiques des entreprises et des établissements .