Deutscher Hof (Nuremberg)

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Façade at Frauentorgraben, 1913.

The Deutsche Hof is a former hotel and clubhouse in Nuremberg - Tafelhof , at the confluence of Lessingstrasse and Frauentorgraben. The assembly was built in 1912–1913 according to plans by the Nuremberg architect Hans Müller . Between 1920 and 1938 the hotel was regularly Adolf Hitler's quarters during his stays in Nuremberg. Serving as clubhouse hall structure was also under the name of Lessing halls known, hosted from 1946 to 1959, the Lessing Theater and was for from 2014 built residential complex Opernpalais canceled. The former hotel is underListed since completion of its renovation in spring 2016, it is used as an office building.

history

Hotel lobby , 1913

Founding as a clubhouse and hotel

The Deutsche Hof goes back to the intention to build a club house for the Nuremberg teachers. Since it was founded in 1890, the Lehrerheim association has tried to acquire a suitable piece of land. In 1912, the association was able to buy the fallow land on the corner of Lessingstrasse / Frauentorgraben, directly west of the city theater that had been built a few years earlier , from the city of Nuremberg. Until the end of the 19th century, part of the old city hospital stood on this site. In order to be able to bear the high costs of land acquisition, construction and building maintenance, the decision was made to build and lease an upscale hotel on the part of the property located on Frauentorgraben . The part on Lessingstrasse called the Lessing Halls was used for club life and had two large event halls. The planning was entrusted to the architect Hans Müller, the sculptural decoration of the facades and the stairwells comes from the sculptor Johannes Müller . After the construction work had run almost without interruption due to the mild winter, the Deutsche Hof opened on September 27, 1913.

"Stand quarters" of Adolf Hitler

From 1920 Adolf Hitler regularly dismounted at the Deutsches Hof during his stays in Nuremberg. Hitler's attachment to the house probably went back to the then tenant and World War II veteran Johannes Klein, who was known for his right-wing extremist sentiments.

Gauleiter Julius Streicher got the teachers' home association in 1935 to sell the entire property to the NSDAP . The extent to which the sale came about through Streicher's direct pressure or whether the association agreed out of fear of reprisals is not clearly documented. The party united the Deutsche Hof with the neighboring Siemenshaus to the west , which Hans Hertlein had built in 1925–1926 as an office building for the Nuremberg branch of the Siemens group. In return, the party financed a new building for the company, the Sigmund-Schuckert-Haus, east of the theater. According to Hitler's specifications, the old Siemenshaus was redesigned from 1936–1937 according to plans by the Nuremberg architect Franz Ruff , the neo-baroque facade decoration and the open arcades on the ground floor were removed and a large arbor was added. From this "leader Balcony" from now on, Hitler took the parades of the Hitler Youth and others from Nazi organizations within the party rallies marched past at the German court. During the renovation, the facades of the old German courtyard were partially simplified; the porches of the portal with figures and the roof turret over the Lessing halls were demolished.

On October 3, 1944 and January 2, 1945, the Deutsche Hof was badly damaged in air raids . A high- explosive bomb hit the entire corner of the building at the confluence between Lessingstrasse and Frauentorgraben and destroyed the gable and roof. The interior largely burned out.

Reconstruction and post-war

State before the renovation, 2011.

The reconstruction under the direction of the architect Hans Albert Wilhelm and the interior designer Friedrich Feuerlein began in 1946 with great voluntary work by the Nuremberg teachers. As the former assets of the NSDAP, the Deutsche Hof passed to the State of Bavaria and was administered by a trustee . With the permission of the US military government and against the declared will of the teacher's home association , trustee Willi Scholler allowed the actor Karl Pschigode to set up a theater in the Lessing Halls. When the Lessing Theater was threatened with bankruptcy after the currency reform , the city of Nuremberg took over the debts on June 1, 1949 and incorporated it into the municipal theaters as a venue for spoken theater.

When it reopened in August 1949, the Hotel Deutscher Hof returned to the property of the Teachers' Home Association . The Lessing Theater was only transferred back after its closure in 1959 and was given its previous name Lessing Halls . In the decades that followed, the interior of the Deutsches Hof was rebuilt and renewed several times in order to keep pace with the increasing demands of hotel guests. The tenant was initially Karl Schöller, brother of the Nuremberg ice cream manufacturer Theo Schöller , and from 1953 Heinz Rübsamen, owner of the Carlton Hotelgesellschaft Nürnberg . In the post-war decades, the Lessing Halls enjoyed great popularity. They were regularly rented out for conferences , fashion shows , dance events and carnival balls . In 1978 the architect Ernst Hürlimann gave them an interior redesign . Opened in 1976 in the basement of the German court, the popular wine bar bocksbeutel cellar , which was designed by Friedrich Feuerlein in the manner of a wine cellar with Rabitz was designed -Gewölben and rustic decor.

The former Siemenshaus was also rebuilt after the end of the war, but without the “Führerbalkon”. After 1945 the building housed the Federal Labor Office and later served as an office building for the Nuremberg Labor Office. It has been empty since 1992; a hotel use planned for 2011 was not implemented.

New construction of the Opernpalais on Lessingstrasse, August 2015

Conversion

Due to the high maintenance costs, the Lehrerheim association decided in 1990 to sell the Deutsche Hof to the Maritim Hotelgesellschaft . The association moved to the neighboring building, Weidenkellerstraße 6. The Maritim continued to operate the hotel until 2004. The complex then stood empty and was left to decay. Since 2008 the developer company Kochinvest has been trying to set up an office center on the site. Plans to demolish the listed building were sharply criticized by the Stadtheimatpfleger and the Altstadtfreunde Nürnberg association . It was not used as a cultural history museum.

In 2012, the Nuremberg-based terraplan group of companies represented by Erik Roßnagel acquired the house in order to renovate it and convert it into an office building. In place of the Lessing Halls , which had been demolished except for the main staircase , construction began in January 2014 on the so-called Opernpalais with 27  condominiums and an underground car park . The planning for both components was in the hands of the architects Hagen (Nuremberg) and Matuschek ( Heroldsberg ). The interior design was done by Eugen Gehring ( Berlin ); the planning of the outdoor facilities was done by the Nuremberg office Grünplanung Oehm & Herlan . Both construction projects should be completed in spring 2016.

The construction

Architecture and equipment

The teachers' home association wanted a functional division into a hotel and clubhouse. The L-shaped component at Frauentorgraben and Lessingstrasse contained the hotel; on Lessingstrasse, the hall building with an auxiliary building was connected, in which event and business rooms for the association were housed. By completely cladding the hotel area facing the street with sandstone , but plastering the Lessing rooms on the upper floors, the architect Hans Müller made the functional separation of the components on the inside clear to the outside as well. In terms of style, Müller oriented himself towards the early German Renaissance , the forms of which he enriched with Art Nouveau elements.

Inside, the original furnishings were also influenced by Art Nouveau; However, this has been almost completely lost due to war damage and later renovations. Only the entrance hall of the Lessing Halls and the historical staircases with reliefs by the Nuremberg sculptor Johannes Müller have been preserved.

  • Bay window on the north facade

  • Mascaron on the facade

  • Staircase of the Lessing Halls

  • Capital with putti

  • Capital in the stairwell of the hotel wing

Urban significance

The Deutsche Hof was built as part of the representative development with which the city of Nuremberg wanted to upgrade the ring around the old town to a boulevard based on models such as the Vienna Ringstrasse . Together with today's opera house, completed in 1905, the building forms an urban ensemble and represents the architectural opposite to the Sigmund-Schuckert-Haus east of the opera. With its sandstone façade , the Deutsche Hof refers to the city ​​wall opposite , which was built using the same material. In order to prevent Lessingstrasse from turning into a dark street canyon through the directly opposite, high buildings of the theater and Deutsches Hof, architect Hans Müller cut a roof terrace into the corner of the building at the confluence of Lessingstrasse and Frauentorgraben ; the arcades on the corner of the building on the ground floor remained open as a pedestrian passage. With a large box bay window , gable , dwarf houses and chimneys, Müller gave the facade and roof landscape a picturesque effect. With the uniform materiality and the typical neo-renaissance facade with Art Nouveau echoes, the entire ensemble represents an important structural testimony to the urban planning of Nuremberg in the early 20th century.

During the restoration work after the Second World War , the urban design effect of the building was affected. Due to a lack of space and limited financial resources, the roof terrace and the dwelling houses were not restored, an additional entrance on the ground floor was broken in and the open arcade on the street corner was converted into a shop. The windows installed in 1968 without any division or muntin also damaged the external impression.

Deutscher Hof during renovation, August 2015

Redevelopment

As part of the renovation, the roof of the hotel wing, which had been rebuilt in 1946–1949, was removed. The new roof, which was built by 2015, is roughly the same as in 1913 in terms of shape and incline ; the mid-buildings on the north and east sides, which were destroyed in the Second World War, were rebuilt in a modern interpretation and the picturesque roof landscape was restored. The dormers were enlarged compared to their original state in order to provide sufficient light for the offices in the attic. The new Opernpalais residential complex is basically the same size, height and ridge line as the previous building.

The historic main stairwells of the hotel wing and the former Lessing halls have been preserved and have been restored .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Därr: Inauguration. Pp. 24-25.
  2. ↑ Därr: Inauguration. P. 46.
  3. ^ The German court in Nuremberg was Hitler's "standing quarters". In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 30, 2015 .
  4. ^ Heim / Liedtke: Association of teachers' home. Pp. 83-85.
  5. ^ Heim / Liedtke: Association of teachers' home. P. 92.
  6. ↑ Festschrift 1949.
  7. ^ Heim / Liedtke: Association of teachers' home. Pp. 106-109.
  8. ^ Clemens Wachter: Culture in Nuremberg. 1945-1950. Cultural policy, cultural life and the image of the city between the end of the Nazi dictatorship and the prosperity of the fifties (=  Nuremberg workpieces on city and state history . Volume 59 ). Korn & Berg, Nürnberg 1999, ISBN 3-87432-136-3 , p. 75-76 .
  9. ↑ Gregor Schöllgen : The Ice King. Theo Scholler. A German entrepreneur. 1917-2004 . CH Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-406-57760-1 , p. 71 .
  10. ↑ The employment office becomes a hotel. In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  11. ↑ New plans for the German court. In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  12. ↑ Deutscher Hof is valuable in terms of building history. In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Museum in the former Hotel Deutscher Hof? In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  14. ↑ The Deutsche Hof as a Museum: A Castle in the Air? In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  15. ^ New use for Deutsche Hof in Nuremberg. In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  16. ^ "Deutscher Hof": Lessing halls become the "Opernpalais". In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Deutscher Hof / Opernpalais - Hagen® GmbH. Retrieved August 29, 2015 .
  18. ↑ André Fischer: The former "German" courtyard is almost completely renovated. In: Nürnberger Zeitung. November 28, 2015, accessed December 7, 2015 .
  19. ↑ André Fischer: The former "Deutsche Hof" is almost completely renovated. In: nordbayern.de. Retrieved February 22, 2016 .
  20. ↑ a b Schulz: Appreciation. Pp. 47-49.

literature

  • Helmut Beer: Hotel Deutscher Hof . In: Michael Diefenbacher , Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 ( complete edition online ).
  • Andreas Därr: Festschrift for the inauguration of the teacher's house in Nuremberg (Hotel Deutscher Hof and Saalbau teacher's home) on Sept. 27, 1913 . Self-published by the Association of Teachers' Home Nuremberg, Nuremberg 1913
  • Miriam Heim, Max Liedtke : The history of the association Lehrerheim Nürnberg e. V . Self-published by the Verein Lehrerheim Nürnberg, Nürnberg 1999, ISBN 3-00-004144-3 .
  • Fritz Traugott Schulz : Artistic appreciation of the building . In: Festschrift for the inauguration of the Nuremberg Teachers' House on September 27, 1913 . Self-published by the association teachers' home Nuremberg, Nuremberg 1913, p. 47-52 .
  • Association of Teachers' Home Nuremberg e. V. (Hrsg.): Festschrift for the opening ceremony of the resurrected German Court on August 27, 1949 . Self-published by the association teachers' home Nuremberg, Nuremberg 1949.
  • Association of Teachers' Home Nuremberg e. V. (Ed.): 50 years of the Deutscher Hof. 1913-1963. Thoughts, documents and memories on the history of the Nuremberg teaching staff . Self-published by the association teachers' home Nuremberg, Nuremberg 1963.

Web links

Commons : Deutscher Hof (Nuremberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 26 ′ 47.9 "  N , 11 ° 4 ′ 28"  E