Igor Wassiljewitsch Petrjanow-Sokolow

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Igor Vasilyevich Petrjanow-Sokolow ( Russian Игорь Васильевич Петрянов-Соколов * June 5 . Jul / 18th June  1907 greg. In Bolshaya Jakschen at Buturlino ; † 19th May 1996 in Moscow ) was a Russian physical chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Petrjanow-Sokolow came from a farming family. His father Vasily Michailowitsch Petrjanow loved the falcon hunt , so he chose the nickname Sokolow (Sokol = the falcon) to distinguish himself from the many Petrjanow families in the neighboring villages. The father was a cab driver in Moscow and after the October Revolution in the Soviet , while the mother Pelageja Matvejewna Petrjanowa stayed in Jakschen. After graduating from high school in 1925 with honors, Petrjanow-Sokolow went to Moscow and studied at the chemical faculty of Moscow University (MGU). As a student, he wrote his first scientific paper. In 1930 he finished his studies.

In 1929 Petryanov-Sokolov became a junior research assistant at the Karpov Research Institute for Physical Chemistry (NIFChI, now affiliated with Rosatom ), where he worked for 67 years. Aerosols were at the center of Petryanov-Sokolov's scientific work . 1933–1939 he developed a new research methodology and investigated the effects of radioactivity and the electrical charging of aerosol particles with regard to their stability. The aim was to protect the atmosphere from harmful contaminants. In 1937, together with Natalija Dmitrijewna Rosenblum and the founder and head of the laboratory Nikolai Albertowitsch Fuchs, he found a way to prepare ultra-fine polymer fibers . After Fuchs was arrested in April 1937, Petrjanow-Sokolow became head of the laboratory in 1937. With active participation Petrjanow-Sokolow ultrafine fiber mats were for HEPA produced industrially, as the world's Petrjanow- filters were known. The new fibers were also used to manufacture gas masks , which the Red Army immediately adopted. In December 1940 he defended his doctoral thesis . In June 1941 he was appointed professor .

During the German-Soviet war was Petrjanow-Sokolow with the Karpov Institute in the North Ural evacuated and directed the construction and operation of plants for the production of newly developed devices from his laboratory for the armaments industry . In 1945 he collected data on the production of heavy water on behalf of the government in Germany .

From 1945 Petrjanow-Sokolow was involved in the Soviet atomic bomb project. During this time the long-term scientific and personal connections with Igor Wassiljewitsch Kurtschatow , Juli Borissowitsch Chariton and Georgi Nikolajewitsch Fljorow developed . Petryanov-Sokolov's work was the basis for the development of systems to protect nuclear fuel personnel from radioactivity . He worked a lot with Sinaida Vasilievna Yershova at the High Technology Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (WNIINM, now Botschwar High Technology Research Institute for Inorganic Materials) and considered himself her student.

In addition to his scientific work, Petrjanow-Sokolow headed the publication of popular scientific literature of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). He was the chief editor of the magazine Chimija i schisn , a book series for school children and a Soviet children's encyclopedia . He traveled at home and abroad. From 1947 he held lectures at the Moscow Chemical-Technical Mendeleev Institute (MChTI), in which he had set up a special chair in the engineering-chemical faculty (from 1949 chair for the technology of isotopes and particularly pure substances ). In 1953 he was elected a corresponding member and in 1966 a full member of the AN-SSSR.

Petryanov-Sokolov devoted a lot of time and effort to the problems of preserving the cultural heritage and nature of Russia . He was one of the founders of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments , the All- Union Society for Bibliophilia, and the Journal of Monuments of the Fatherland. He was involved in environmental protection and played an important role in the movement against the Davydov Plan . Together with Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Semjonow, he was the first in the USSR to campaign for zero waste in the 1950s . In the 1980s, Petrjanow-Sokolow led work on the investigation of the optical properties of aerosol particles with a view to a nuclear winter . He was very familiar with questions of religion . He was non-party.

Petrjankow-Sokolow was buried in the Donskoy cemetery .

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Большая российская энциклопедия: ПЕТРЯ́НО́В-СОКОЛО́В Игорь Васильевич (accessed May 8, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b RAN: Петрянов-Соколов Игорь Васильевич (accessed May 8, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Landeshelden: Петрянов-Соколов Игорь Васильевич (accessed on May 8, 2019).
  4. ↑ a b c d e ТКАНЬ ПЕТРЯНОВА (accessed May 8, 2019).
  5. ↑ WNIINM: ЕРШОВА ЗИНАИДА ВАСИЛЬЕВНА (accessed May 8, 2019).
  6. ↑ Садовский Б. Ф .: И.В. Петрянов-Соколов. О себе и своём деле. От нём и его делах . In: Серная баня и синагога . ИздАТ, Moscow 1999, ISBN 5-86656-084-4 , p. 440-444 .
personal data
SURNAME Petrjanow-Sokolow, Igor Wassiljewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Петрянов-Соколов, Игорь Васильевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physical chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 18, 1907
PLACE OF BIRTH Bolshaya Jakschen near Buturlino
DATE OF DEATH May 19, 1996
Place of death Moscow