Andrei Anatolyevich Botschwar

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Andrei Anatolyevich Bochvar ( Russian Андрей Анатольевич Бочвар ; born August 8 . Jul / 21st August  1902 greg. In Moscow ; †  18th September 1984 ) was a Russian metallurgist and university teachers .

Life

Botschwar, son of the metallurgist Anatoli Michailowitsch Botschwar , studied at the chemical faculty of the Moscow Technical University with a degree in 1923. In 1925 he was sent to Gustav Tammann for an internship at the University of Göttingen .

From 1930 Botschwar taught at the newly founded Moscow Institute for Non-ferrous Metals and Gold , in which from 1931 he headed the chair for metal science founded by his father . During this time the first of the five editions of his textbook on the heat treatment of metals appeared . His main focus was on the casting properties , crystallization , recrystallization and heat resistance of non-ferrous metals and their alloys as well as the metallurgy of uranium and plutonium . In 1935 he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the theory of eutectic crystallization, which he had already started in Göttingen . In 1936, together with AG Spasski, he developed a die-casting method , for whose introduction into the aviation industry he received the Order of the Red Labor Banner and the Stalin Prize . Botschwar became widely known for his estimate of the temperature at which the recrystallization of metals began. He developed a theory of the high- temperature strength of alloys and investigated the deformation behavior of alloys made of metals with different crystal structures under cyclic temperature changes . In 1939 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR) .

During the German-Soviet War , Botschwar improved an aluminum - silicon alloy ( silumin ) with zinc . He also made important contributions to the development of the T-34 tank .

In 1945, Botschwar discovered the superplasticity of a zinc-aluminum alloy. In 1946 he was appointed head of the new department for metallurgy of non-ferrous metals and their alloys at the Moscow Metallurgy Institute , and he became a full member of the AN-SSSR. In the same year he was included in the Soviet atomic bomb project . He initially worked on plant no. 12 for the production of nuclear fuel in Elektrostal and, from 1947, in the Moscow research institute NII-9. In 1948 he was seconded to Combine No. 817 , where he headed Department and Factory W for the production of plutonium . The heads of the production of weapons-grade plutonium included Botschwar II Tschernjajew , AN Wolski , AS Saimowski , AD Gelman and WD Nikolski . The plutonium nitrate solution began to flow on the night of February 26, 1949.

In 1953, Botschwar returned to Moscow's NII-9 as director of this institute, where he headed the special department W for the extraction and investigation of plutonium and uranium. At the beginning of the 1970s, on Botschwar's suggestion, the institute was renamed the All Union Research Institute for Inorganic Materials (WNIINM) . He continued his basic metallurgical research and headed the institute until his death.

Since 1951, Botschwar was a member of the RSFSR Supreme Soviet . He was a member of the Lenin and Stalin Prize Committees .

Botschwar was married to Olga Semjonovna geb. Schadajewa and had a son Georgi (* 1936). After his death, his name was added to the name of the WNIINM. The street leading past WNIINM was also named after him.

Honors

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Article Botschwar Andrei Anatoljewitsch in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)http: //vorlage_gse.test/1%3D037448~2a%3DBotschwar%20Andrei%20Anatoljewitsch~2b%3DBotschwar%20Andrei%20Anatoljewitsch
  2. ↑ a b Landeshelden: Бочвар Андрей Анатольевич (accessed on March 22, 2017).
  3. ↑ Алексеев Е. П., Сяков Ю. А .: Подвиг ученых в годы Великой Отечественной войны . Знание, St. Petersburg 2005, ISBN 5-7320-0799-7 .
  4. ↑ Гракина Э. И .: Ученые - фронту (Борьба народов против фашизма и агрессии) . Наука, Moscow 1989, p. 169 .
  5. ↑ AA Botschwar: Influence of the crystal structure on the properties of metals: Excerpt from "Metallkunde" . Verlag Technik, Berlin 1953.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Botschwar Andrei Anatolyevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Бочвар, Андрей Анатольевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian metalworker and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 21, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH September 18, 1984
Place of death Moscow