Anton Nikolajewitsch Wolski

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Anton Nikolaevich Wolski ( Russian Антон Николаевич Вольский ; born June 12 . Jul / 24. June  1897 greg. In the village Salari, Irkutsk Governorate ; † 7. January 1966 in Moscow ) was a Russian Metallurg , physical chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Wolski's father was arrested in 1890 after studying at the Stroganov Central School for Technical Drawing in Moscow and exiled to Siberia for participating in a revolutionary movement . Wolski's mother was a midwife and followed her husband to Siberia. Wolski was trained as a chemical technician at the Moscow Trade School from 1908–1917 . Then he worked in a Moscow chemical plant. After the October Revolution , in 1920 he began studying the 2nd course at the technological faculty of the Moscow Institute of National Economy . At the end of his studies he defended his diploma project in 1924Copper electrolyte - refinery and was then in an office for projecting a metal fitting for the production of the copper electrolyte refining and organizing the production of high voltage insulators employed (1924-1928). He also taught physics at the RabFak of Moscow University (1922–1925) and was senior assistant at the Institute for Economics (1926–1929).

In 1928 Wolski moved to the Department of Non-ferrous Metallurgy of the Institute for Applied Mineralogy and in 1930 to the Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals (GINZWETMET), where he rose to the position of Scientific Vice Director (1936-1937). The focus of his research work was on the chemical equilibrium in melts of metals and alloys with the investigation of the thermodynamic laws of metallurgical processes. Another focus was the investigation of the physico-chemical processes of the oxidation of sulphides with the development of a theory for the roasting of sulphurous ores . Wolski's process development for the extraction of white arsenic from arsenic ores formed the basis for the construction of two plants in the USSR . He developed a new method of recycling lead and zinc waste that had previously not been recycled. In 1936 a special system was built for this in the UkrZink plant. According to a new method, lead was separated from bismuth using magnesium and calcium . New processes have been developed for ore processing in Central Asia , the Urals and other areas. The extraction of cobalt from nickel ores has been streamlined .

Wolski also taught at the Moscow Mining Academy (1928–1930), at the Moscow Institute for Non-ferrous Metals and Gold (1930–1958) and at Moscow University (1931–1933). In 1940 he received his doctorate in technical sciences . During the German-Soviet War he carried out special orders from the People's Commissariats for ammunition and non-ferrous metallurgy.

In 1946 Wolski was hired as a consultant in the secret research institute NII-9 in Moscow, which was part of the Soviet atomic bomb project . At the end of 1948 he was sent with an NII-9 brigade to the factory of the Mayak Chemical Combine , where Wolski was in charge of handling the metallurgical problems of plutonium production . The general project management was carried out by the factory director SP Lyssenko and the chief engineer of Base 10, Yefim Pavlovich Slavsky . The scientific development work was led by Andrei Anatoljewitsch Botschwar , Ilya Ilyich Tschernjajew , Wolski, Alexander Semjonowitsch Saimowski , Anna Dmitrijewna Gelman and Vsevolod Dmitrijewitsch Nikolski .

Wolski was elected a Corresponding Member in 1953 and a full member in 1960 of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR, since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)). In 1960 he became vice director of the NII-9.

Wolski was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k RAN: Вольский Антон Николаевич (accessed on May 2, 2019).
  2. ↑ VIPERSON: Вольский Антон Николаевич - биография (accessed on May 2, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b Federal Atomic Energy Agency of Russia : Вольский Антон Николаевич (accessed May 2, 2019).
  4. ↑ GINZWETMET: ИСТОРИЯ (accessed on May 1, 2019).
  5. ↑ TO Wolski: Теория металлургических процессов . 1935.
  6. ↑ TO Wolski: Основы теории металлургических процессов . 1943.
  7. ↑ Первый промышленный реактор "А" для наработки плутония (accessed May 2, 2019).
  8. ↑ Sinaida Alexejewna Issajewa: АТОМНАЯ БОМБА И НАША ЖИЗНЬ . In: ПО « Маяк » . Osyorsk (Chelyabinsk) ( libozersk.ru [accessed May 2, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Wolski, Anton Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Вольский, Антон Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian metallurgist, physical chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 24, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Salari, Irkutsk Governorate
DATE OF DEATH 7th January 1966
Place of death Moscow