Ilya Lwowitsch Selwinsky

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Ilya Lwowitsch Selwinski as a high school student in 1910

Ilya (Eli Karl) Lwowitsch Selwinski ( Russian Илья (Элий Карл) Львович Сельвинский ; born October 12 . Jul / 24. October  1899 greg. In Simferopol ; † 22. March 1968 in Moscow ) was a Russian poet and university lecturer .

Life

Selwinski's grandfather Elja (Eliogu) Schelewinski was a Crimean cantonist of the 11th Fanagoriski Grenadier Regiment . Selwinski's father Leiba Elschajelowitsch (Lew Solomonowitsch) Selewinski took part in the Russo-Ottoman War from 1877 to 1878 , then traded in fur and tobacco products and finally worked as a furrier after bankruptcy . Selwinski attended elementary school in Evpatorija and from 1915-1919 the grammar school. As early as 1915 he began to publish his works, especially in the Evpatoria newspaper. In the revolutionary year of 1917 , he took part in the revolutionary movement, was arrested and sent to Sevastopol prison . During the Russian Civil War he was in the Red Army and then a model , porter, reporter , circus fighter and others

Selwinski studied at the Faculty of Social Sciences of the 1st Moscow University with a degree in 1923. Since 1922 there was the direction of literary constructivism , so that in 1924 Selwinski, Korneli Lyuzianowitsch Selinski and Alexei Nikolajewitsch Tschitscherin founded the group Literary Center of Constructivists , with poetry in the The focus. The group disbanded in December 1930.

In 1926 Selwinski published his first volume of poetry . The artist , eccentric and chansonnier Mikhail Nikolajewitsch Savojarow performed in his concerts with Selwinski's left-wing verses and poems in the mid to late 1920s . In the late 1920s, Selwinski wrote experimental epic poems. 1927-1930 he led a violent public campaign against Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky , which he publicly regretted in 1930. During this time he worked as a welder. In the early 1930s he wrote avant-garde verse dramas .

1933-1934 Selwinski was the correspondent of Pravda in the expedition led by Otto Juljewitsch Schmidt on the Tscheljuskin to explore the Northeast Passage . Before wintering in the ice, he and eight men left the ship near the island of Kolyuchin and took Chukchi to dog sleds across the ice and tundra to Cape Deschnjow . In 1937 he led a seminar at Moscow's Maxim Gorky Literature Institute . In August 1937, the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union passed a damning resolution against Selwinski's play The Polar Bear . In August 1939 the resolution of the organizational office of the Central Committee of the CPSU against the magazine Oktyabr and Selwinski's anti-artistic and harmful verses followed. From 1937 Selwinski wrote historical verse dramas.

At the beginning of the German-Soviet War , Selwinski joined the CPSU and the Red Army. He was first battalion commissar and then Podpolkownik . He was badly wounded at Bataisk . For the text of the song of the Crimean Front Warrior Crimea , he was awarded a gold watch by the Vice People's Commissar for Defense. At the end of November 1943 he was brought to Moscow from the Crimea and criticized for harmful anti-artistic works. It is believed that the reason was his stories about the Jewish victims of the Nazis . According to another assumption, the occasion was a little poem that could have been understood as a hidden caricature of Stalin . He was then demobilized .

Selvinski's grave, Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow
Zelvinsky Museum, Simferopol

In the 1950s, Selwinski turned back to his work in the 1920s and reissued his works. In the campaign against Boris Leonidowitsch Pasternak , he published a poem against Pasternak in 1959.

Selwinski was married to Berta Jakowlewna Selwinskaja (1898–1980). Her daughter is the artist and poet Tatyana Ilyinichna Selvinskaya .

Selvinsky was buried in Moscow's Novodevichy Cemetery. His gravestone was designed by the sculptor Leonid Lwowitsch Berlin . Selwinski's stepdaughter Zezilija Alexandrovna Voskressenskaja (1923-2006) was a member of the commission for the literary legacy of Selwinski. She published memories of Selwinski, compiled volumes of poetry and, together with Tatjana Selwinskaja, initiated and organized the Selwinski Museum in Simferopol in 1989. In 1993 the high school in Evpatoria, which Selwinsky had attended, was named after him.

Honors

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Сельвинский, Илья (Элий Карл) . In: Био-библиографический словарь русских писателей XX века . S. 237-238 ( Wikisource [accessed October 28, 2019]).
  2. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: СЕЛЬВИ́НСКИЙ Илья Львович (accessed October 28, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e YIVO Institute for Jewish Research: Sel'vinskii, Il'ia L'vovich (accessed October 28, 2019).
  4. ↑ a b "Каждый человек имеет право на туманный уголок души" (еврейская тема в жизни ик к ворчестве) (accessed October 27, 2019).
  5. ↑ a b c Автобиография Ильи Сельвинского (Май 1967) (accessed October 27, 2019).
  6. ↑ a b Илья Львович Сельвинский: Все стихотворения (accessed October 28, 2019).
  7. ↑ Борис БРОНЕВОЙ: Музейная комната Александра Грина в Севастопольской тюрьме (accessed October 27, 2019).
  8. ↑ Поход « Челюскина » . Pravda, Moscow 1934.
  9. ↑ a b Максим Д. Шраер: "Я ЭТО ВИДЕЛ": Илья Сельвинский и наследие свидетелей Холокоста (accessed October 28, 2019).
  10. ↑ Ilja Selwinskij: The peasant tsar: tragedy in 5 acts . Construction stage sales, Berlin 1946.
  11. ↑ Maxim D. Shrayer: I SAW IT: Ilya Selvinsky and the Legacy of Bearing Witness to the Holocaust . Academic Studies Press, Boston 2013.
  12. ↑ Benedikt Michailowitsch Sarnow : Вторая книга воспоминаний . Moscow 2006, p. 687 .
  13. ↑ Могила И. Л. Сельвинского на Новодевичьем кладбище (accessed October 28, 2019).
  14. ↑ Дом-музей Ильи Сельвинского (accessed October 28, 2019).
  15. ↑ МБОУ "Гимназия им. И. Сельвинского" (accessed October 28, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Selwinsky, Ilya Lvovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Сельвинский, Илья Львович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian poet and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Simferopol
DATE OF DEATH March 22, 1968
Place of death Moscow