Indium (III) chloride
Crystal structure | ||||||||||||||||
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__ In 3+ __ Cl - | ||||||||||||||||
Crystal system |
monoclinic |
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Space group |
C 2 / m (No. 12) |
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Lattice parameters |
a = 641 pm, b = 1110 pm, c = 631 pm, β = 109 ° 48 ' |
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General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Indium (III) chloride | |||||||||||||||
other names |
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Ratio formula | InCl 3 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
white solid |
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External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 221.18 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
3.46 g cm −3 |
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Melting point |
586 ° C |
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boiling point |
800 ° C |
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solubility |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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MAK |
0.1 mg m −3 |
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Thermodynamic properties | ||||||||||||||||
ΔH f 0 |
−537 kJ mol −1 |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Indium trichloride (InCl 3 ) is a chemical combination of indium and chlorine .
Presentation and extraction
Anhydrous indium trichloride is obtained from the elements by burning indium in a chlorine gas atmosphere or by converting a mixture of indium (III) oxide and carbon in a chlorine gas stream.
The compound can also be made by dissolving indium in hydrochloric acid . The tetrahydrate crystallizes from the aqueous solution.
It can also be prepared by reacting indium (III) oxide with thionyl chloride at 300 ° C.
properties
Indium (III) chloride forms white, hygroscopic crystals that are easily sublimable . The melting point is given as 586 ° C, the sublimation point as 418 ° C. According to August, the vapor pressure function results according to ln (P) = −A / T + B (P in Torr, T in K) with A = 8086 ± 168 and B = 12.654 in the temperature range from 489 K to 564 K. The heat of sublimation is 154 kJ mol −1 . In the gas phase it is (like all indium halides ) as a dimeric molecule. Anhydrous indium trichloride reacts violently with water and is split protolytically in the process . The compound forms double salts from a hydrochloric acid medium with the hexachlorido [InCl 6 ] 3− or aquopentachlorido complex [InCl 5 (H 2 O)] 2− . It has a monoclinic crystal structure , isotypic to that of aluminum (III) chloride with the space group C 2 / m (space group no. 12) (a = 641 pm, b = 1110 pm, c = 631 pm, β = 109 ° 48 '). From the aqueous solutions z. B. are easily available from indium and hydrochloric acid, crystallize on concentration hydrates, z. B. the tetrahydrate from.
use
The compound is used as a catalyst in alcohol and carbonyl reactions , as well as in nuclear medicine and in the production of indium sulfide (for CIGS solar cells ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i data sheet indium (III) chloride, anhydrous from AlfaAesar, accessed on January 29, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .
- ↑ a b c d Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 867.
- ^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 1393 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
- ^ A b F. Noel: Indium and Indium Compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a14_157
- ↑ a b c d L. Kolditz: Inorganic Chemistry , VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 1983, p. 355.
- ↑ a b A.F. Holeman, E. Wiberg: Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry , Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York, 1985, p. 891.
- ↑ a b F.J. Smith, RF Barrow: The heats of sublimation of inorganic substances. Part 6: Some halides of gallium and indium in Trans. Faraday Soc. 54 (1958) 826-829, doi : 10.1039 / TF9585400826 .