Indium (III) chloride

Crystal structure
	__ In 3+ __ Cl -
Crystal system	monoclinic
Space group	C 2 / m (No. 12)
Lattice parameters	a = 641 pm, b = 1110 pm, c = 631 pm, β = 109 ° 48 '
General
Surname	Indium (III) chloride
other names	Indium chloride; Indium trichloride;
Ratio formula	InCl 3
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	233-043-0
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.027
PubChem	24812
Wikidata	Q415500
properties
Molar mass	221.18 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	3.46 g cm −3
Melting point	586 ° C
boiling point	800 ° C
solubility	soluble in water (661 g l −1 at 22 ° C); soluble in ethanol (532 g l −1 at 22 ° C);
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 302-314
	P: 280-301 + 330 + 331-305 + 351 + 338-402 + 404
MAK	0.1 mg m −3
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−537 kJ mol −1
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Indium trichloride (InCl ₃ ) is a chemical combination of indium and chlorine .

Presentation and extraction

Anhydrous indium trichloride is obtained from the elements by burning indium in a chlorine gas atmosphere or by converting a mixture of indium (III) oxide and carbon in a chlorine gas stream.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {2In + 3Cl2 -> 2InCl3}}}

The compound can also be made by dissolving indium in hydrochloric acid . The tetrahydrate crystallizes from the aqueous solution.

It can also be prepared by reacting indium (III) oxide with thionyl chloride at 300 ° C.

{\ displaystyle {\ ce {In2O3 + 3SOCl2 -> 2InCl3 + 3SO2}}}

properties

Indium (III) chloride forms white, hygroscopic crystals that are easily sublimable . The melting point is given as 586 ° C, the sublimation point as 418 ° C. According to August, the vapor pressure function results according to ln (P) = −A / T + B (P in Torr, T in K) with A = 8086 ± 168 and B = 12.654 in the temperature range from 489 K to 564 K. The heat of sublimation is 154 kJ mol ⁻¹ . In the gas phase it is (like all indium halides ) as a dimeric molecule. Anhydrous indium trichloride reacts violently with water and is split protolytically in the process . The compound forms double salts from a hydrochloric acid medium with the hexachlorido [InCl ₆ ] ³⁻ or aquopentachlorido complex [InCl ₅ (H ₂ O)] ²⁻ . It has a monoclinic crystal structure , isotypic to that of aluminum (III) chloride with the space group C 2 / m (space group no. 12) (a = 641 pm, b = 1110 pm, c = 631 pm, β = 109 ° 48 '). From the aqueous solutions z. B. are easily available from indium and hydrochloric acid, crystallize on concentration hydrates, z. B. the tetrahydrate from. Template: room group / 12

use

The compound is used as a catalyst in alcohol and carbonyl reactions , as well as in nuclear medicine and in the production of indium sulfide (for CIGS solar cells ).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ data sheet indium (III) chloride, anhydrous from AlfaAesar, accessed on January 29, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 867.
^ AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 1393 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).
^ ^A ^b F. Noel: Indium and Indium Compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a14_157
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d L. Kolditz: Inorganic Chemistry , VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 1983, p. 355.
↑ ^a ^b A.F. Holeman, E. Wiberg: Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry , Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York, 1985, p. 891.
↑ ^a ^b F.J. Smith, RF Barrow: The heats of sublimation of inorganic substances. Part 6: Some halides of gallium and indium in Trans. Faraday Soc. 54 (1958) 826-829, doi : 10.1039 / TF9585400826 .

[alfa-SDB-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ data sheet indium (III) chloride, anhydrous from AlfaAesar, accessed on January 29, 2010 ( PDF )(JavaScript required) . .

[brauer-2] Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler a . a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume I, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1975, ISBN 3-432-02328-6 , p. 867.

[3] AF Holleman , N. Wiberg : Inorganische Chemie . 103rd edition. Volume 1: Basics and main group elements. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-049585-0 , p. 1393 (reading sample: Part A - Basics of the chemistry of hydrogen. Google book search ).

[Ullmann-4] A ^b F. Noel: Indium and Indium Compounds in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, doi : 10.1002 / 14356007.a14_157

[Kolditz-5] L. Kolditz: Inorganic Chemistry , VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 1983, p. 355.

[Holleman-Wiberg-6] A.F. Holeman, E. Wiberg: Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry , Walter de Gruyter Berlin New York, 1985, p. 891.

[Smith-7] F.J. Smith, RF Barrow: The heats of sublimation of inorganic substances. Part 6: Some halides of gallium and indium in Trans. Faraday Soc. 54 (1958) 826-829, doi : 10.1039 / TF9585400826 .