Chamber of Commerce and Industry Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar
| Chamber of Commerce and Industry Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| chamber | |
| Organizational form | Public corporation |
| founding year | 1862 |
| Seat | Darmstadt |
| Homepage | www.darmstadt.ihk.de |
| president | Matthias Martiné; Volksbank Darmstadt-Südhessen eG |
| Chief Executive | Uwe Vetterlein |
| Members | |
| Associated | around 65,000 companies |
| General Assembly | 72 members |
| Bureau | 1 president + 6 vice-presidents |
| voter turnout | 10 percent |
| Key figures | |
| Number of managers | 1 |
| Number of employees | 150 plus 7 trainees |
The Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar Chamber of Commerce and Industry ( IHK Darmstadt ) is a public corporation based in Darmstadt . The Darmstadt Chamber of Commerce and Industry has the legal mandate, as a self-governing body of the economy, to promote the overall interests of the around 65,000 associated companies in the Darmstadt Rhine Main Neckar region and to perceive them in relation to politics and the public. The region is made up of the urban district Darmstadt, the districts Darmstadt-Dieburg , Groß-Gerau , Bergstrasse and the Odenwaldkreis .
Legal basis and membership
The IHK Darmstadt is a corporation under public law and represents the interests of the economy vis-à-vis the legislative bodies of the state and federal government as well as the municipalities and authorities and fulfills the tasks assigned by the state. In addition, the IHK sees itself as a service organization that helps its members with problems and questions.
The legal basis for the work of the IHK is the law passed by the German Bundestag in 1956 on the provisional regulation of the law of the chambers of industry and commerce (IHKG), which defines the mandate and the public law status with the mandatory membership of all traders with the exception of the skilled trades. This was confirmed in 1958 by a state law that regulates in particular the spatial structure of the IHKs and implementation issues. The IHK Darmstadt is subject to legal supervision by the State of Hesse .
The chambers of industry and commerce as corporations under public law include all traders by law. According to this, anyone who runs a company that is subject to trade tax and that has its commercial branch in the district of the IHK Darmstadt is a member of the chamber . This does not apply to craft businesses , which are required to be members of the Chamber of Crafts. Paragraph 3 of the IHK law in conjunction with the contribution regulations of the IHK Darmstadt authorizes the chamber to raise contributions, the amount of which is decided annually by the general assembly. The contribution rates are shown in the respective budget statutes of the IHK Darmstadt and published in the "IHK-Report" - the members' magazine of the IHK Darmstadt.
Compulsory membership of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry aims to achieve a fair balance between individual and group interests and is intended to ensure the independence and balance of the IHK's opinions. In this way, the legislature wants to guarantee balanced advice to politics and authorities on economic issues. For the transfer of state tasks to the IHKs, such as in vocational training, it is necessary to belong to the groups concerned. They ensure the democratic legitimation and control of administrative action (functional self-administration).
In 2001, case law confirmed that legal IHK membership is compatible with the Basic Law (decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of December 7, 2001 or the Federal Administrative Court of June 23, 2010).
The history of the IHK Darmstadt
The Darmstadt Chamber of Commerce was founded on June 11, 1862. That was comparatively late in the Grand Duchy of Hesse at the time : In Mainz, for example, a "Chambre de Commerce" based on the French model had existed since 1798. Many years later, on November 17, 1871, the Hessian Chamber of Commerce Act came into force based on the Prussian model. That year there were 327 contributory and voting companies; by 1913 this number grew to 2,273. The Darmstadt Chamber of Commerce saw it as its most important task to effectively represent the interests of the economy in the Starkenburg Province at all levels. She did this by reporting to the relevant authority and directly to the ministries.
Important topics of the chamber were an open and unhindered trade, the opposition to excessive tariffs and taxes, a single currency in the German Reich and the expansion of the traffic routes, such as the construction of the Odenwaldbahn . With the amendment to the law of 1902, the Chamber of Commerce became a legal entity and took on tasks in vocational training. In the course of the First World War from 1914 onwards, a liberal economic order was replaced by an increasingly dirigistic war economy , which increasingly intervened in business decisions. In the period between the two world wars, the French occupation of the Rhineland shaped the development of the region. Until 1930, the borders ran at the gates of Darmstadt. In 1925, the long overdue name “Chamber of Commerce and Industry” was introduced in Hessen.
With the seizure of power of the National Socialist self-management idea and advocacy as an original work chamber moved into the background. As early as April 1933, the Presidium resigned as part of the “ Gleichschaltung ” and the “ Führer principle ” was introduced. The final consequence was the establishment of the Rhine-Main Gauwirtschaftskammer and the formal dissolution of the IHKs in 1943 . But shortly before the end of the war, in April 1945, Darmstadt entrepreneurs revived their Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and she developed into a girl for everything: she issued passports and permits, took care of housing and ambulance transport, advised on the flood of directives from the military administration and helped for operating and production permits.
On January 10, 1946, the state government formally decreed the abolition of the Gau economic chambers in Hesse and the restoration of the law of 1933. The minister of economics and transport was to oversee the chambers . These regulations met with the contradiction of the American occupying power: They saw the public law position of the chambers as an important instrument for steering the economy in the post-National Socialist era. In implementing the American demands, the state government therefore decreed the performance of public law tasks in May 1946 and ordered the chambers to continue as private law associations without compulsory membership. The final regulations for the Chamber, its competencies and its election were laid down in a circular of December 5, 1846. The consequence of the discontinuation of compulsory membership was the withdrawal of a larger number of small businesses. The larger chambers lost up to 50% of the members, the smaller between seven and fifteen percent.
With the occupation statute in 1949, the Federal Republic regained a good part of its sovereignty. Apart from Bavaria and Hesse, the states of the American occupation zone now returned to the model of public chambers (in the British and French zones this was the case immediately after the war). The SPD -governed Hessen had completely different plans: According to the government's will, the IHKs were to be dissolved and replaced by chambers of commerce. These should be filled equally by employers and employees. The employer representatives should be nominated by the trade associations and the employee representatives by the trade unions. However, these plans were not implemented because a nationwide regulation was made instead.
With the entry into force of the “Act on the Provisional Regulation of the Law of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry” on December 22nd, 1956, the chambers are again corporations under public law. The advisory board of a chamber is now called the "plenary assembly".
After the IHK building in Wilhelminenstrasse had been completely destroyed during the Darmstadt fire night, it was housed in the “Merckhaus” on Luisenplatz. In October 1962 it was able to move into its own new administration building at Rheinstrasse 89. This was preceded by an architectural competition in which one of Heinrich Bartmann's designs had won.
The reconstruction and the “German economic miracle” were strongly influenced by industrial production in southern Hesse, as everywhere in Germany. Since the early 1980s, the Rhine-Main-Neckar region has also experienced a major structural change. Many traditional industrial companies no longer exist or no longer exist in their original form. Today the IHK Darmstadt has 70,000 member companies. They include large companies such as Merck KGaA , Software AG and Adam Opel AG .
The main industries in the Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar region are now IT , automation , automotive , chemicals , pharmaceuticals , telecommunications , logistics and space travel . Numerous research institutes are also located in the Darmstadt Chamber of Commerce and Industry, such as the Fraunhofer Society , the Helmholtz Association , the Max Planck Society and the Leibniz Society. In addition, the region, especially the districts of Bergstrasse and Odenwald, is strongly characterized by tourism. The Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar business location is now also part of two European metropolitan regions : Frankfurt / Rhein-Main and Rhein-Neckar . The greater region is one of the most important economic areas in Europe and extends from Heidelberg in the south to Fulda in the north. In the middle is the IHK Darmstadt district.
organization
Full-time and honorary positions
Although the IHK Darmstadt is a corporation under public law, its fortunes are determined by the entrepreneurs it contains. State influence is limited to legal supervision . The most important organ is the general assembly of the IHK Darmstadt (parliament of the economy). It consists of 73 South Hessian entrepreneurs elected by all IHK members. Only active company representatives can be elected; work for the IHK is not remunerated. The general assembly is re-elected every five years. It is composed as a reflection of the industries, regions and company sizes. Every company, large or small, has a voice. The general assembly meets six times a year, the meetings are open to members. The general assembly has the budget right, it determines the income and expenditure, decides on the amount of the contributions and fees. In the meetings of the general assembly, the basic positions of the Darmstadt Chamber of Industry and Commerce are defined, the various interests are exchanged and combined into one overall interest. The general assembly elects the president and six vice-presidents from among its members. She appoints the full-time general manager.
The IHK Darmstadt employs around 100 full-time employees in Darmstadt and two training centers in Erbach (Odenwald) and Heppenheim (Bergstrasse) who work in seven business areas: training and further education, business start-ups and business support, international, location policy, law and taxes as well as innovation and the environment and Central Services. Press and public relations act as the staff unit of the main management.
The honorary office of the Darmstadt Chamber of Industry and Commerce also includes the entrepreneurs involved in the eight committees as well as the approximately 2000 examiners in the dual training. The committees discuss the issues of services, trade, taxes, location marketing, transport, the environment, industry, research, innovation and budget issues. Entrepreneurs who do not belong to the general assembly can also get involved here.
List of all presidents of the IHK Darmstadt from 1862 to 2019
| Term of office | president | Companies | Seat |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1862-1864 | Carl August Hemmerde | C. Hemmerde and Sons | Darmstadt |
| 1865 | Wilhelm Fridolin Nöllner | Life insurance and savings bank Stuttgart | Darmstadt |
| 1865-1869 | Franz Weber | Weber and lamp | Darmstadt |
| 1870-1871 | Heinrich Bopp | Bank for trade and industry | Darmstadt |
| 1872-1874 | Franz Weber | Weber and lamp | Darmstadt |
| 1875-1880 | Theodor Friedrich Wendelstadt | Bank for trade and industry | Darmstadt |
| 1881 | Otto Wolfskehl | Heyum Wolfskehl & Son | Darmstadt |
| 1882-1896 | Christoph Wilhelm Ludwig Merck | E. Merck Chemical Factory | Darmstadt |
| 1897-1918 | Carl Parcus | Bank for trade and industry | Darmstadt |
| 1919-1920 | Ludwig Frölich | JJ Diefenbach, wine wholesaler, liqueur and vinegar factory | Darmstadt |
| 1920-1933 | Emil Schenck | Carl Schenck GmbH , iron foundry and machine factory | Darmstadt |
| 1933 | Paul Griebel | Deutsche Bau- und Siedlungsgemeinschaft eGmbH | Darmstadt |
| 1933-1942 | Karl Merck | E. Merck Chemical Factory | Darmstadt |
| 1943-1945 | District Chamber of Commerce | Darmstadt | |
| 1945 | Emil Schenck | Carl Schenck GmbH , iron foundry and machine factory | Darmstadt |
| 1945-1946 | Wilhelm Koehler | Goebel AG | Darmstadt |
| 1946-1947 | Wilhelm Euler | Max Richter celluloid goods factory | Nieder-Ramstadt |
| 1947-1949 | Wilhelm Koehler | Goebel AG | Darmstadt |
| 1949-1953 | Dipl.-Ing. Curt Hesse | Hessenwerke Electronic and Machine Factory GmbH | Darmstadt |
| 1953-1964 | Willi Bernauer | Roeder Brothers AG | Darmstadt |
| 1964-1970 | Otto Röhm | Röhm & Haas GmbH | Darmstadt |
| 1970-1974 | Kurt Werner | Maschinenfabrik Goebel GmbH | Darmstadt |
| 1974-1980 | Hans Joachim Langmann | E. Merck | Darmstadt |
| 1980-1984 | Hans-Rolf Ropertz | Henschel & Ropertz KG | Darmstadt |
| 1984-1988 | Gerhard Ziener | Röhm GmbH | Darmstadt |
| 1989-1990 | Karl Heinz Krutzki | Wella AG | Darmstadt |
| 1991-1995 | Gert Silber-Bonz | Pirelli Germany AG | Breuberg |
| 1996-1998 | Hans-Rolf Ropertz | Henschel & Ropertz KG | Darmstadt |
| 1998-2001 | Jochen Klein | Döhler Group | Darmstadt |
| 2001-2004 | Michael Römer | Merck KGaA | Darmstadt |
| 2004-2009 | Michael Römer | E. Merck OHG | Darmstadt |
| 2009-2014 | Hans-Peter Bach | Medienhaus Südhessen GmbH | Darmstadt |
| 2014-2019 | Kristina Sinemus | Genius Science and Communication GmbH | Darmstadt |
The self-image of the IHK Darmstadt
The IHK Darmstadt sees itself as an economic organization with the broadest membership base. It works locally, at state level and together with the German Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DIHK) in the federal government and in Europe to ensure that the interests of business are taken into account in new regulations and laws. The interests of the 65,000 member companies count. Legitimized by the democratic constitution, the fair balance of the very different interests laid out in the system and the daily proximity of the employees to the companies, the opinions of the IHK Darmstadt and the positions bundled at the state or federal level have some political weight. The honorary members of the General Assembly and the Presidium weigh up the industry and individual interests. As a public body, the IHK influences political decisions, laws and ordinances through reports , statements or hearings .
Chambers of industry and commerce are essential institutions for economic administration . The state has assigned numerous sovereign tasks to it. One of the most important is the responsibility for dual training . Almost 60 percent of all training contracts in Germany run through the IHK. It also provides numerous services for its member companies: advice on legal issues, business start-ups, business support, financing models and taxes. The IHK Darmstadt offers a variety of further training opportunities. In addition, it brings customers, suppliers, scientists, researchers and politicians together in their networks.
literature
- Ulrich Eisenbach (Ed.): From the beginnings of industrialization to the engineering region. 150 years IHK Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar. Scientific Book Society Darmstadt, Darmstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-534-25504-7 .
- Adam Hüfner: On the background of a hundred years: on the hundredth anniversary of the Darmstadt Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Chamber of Commerce and Industry Darmstadt, Darmstadt 1962, DNB 452026792 .
- Martin Will: Self-administration of the economy: Law and history of self-administration in the chambers of industry and commerce, craft guilds, district craft associations, chambers of crafts and chambers of agriculture. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-16-150705-2 .
- Winfried Kluth (Ed.): Handbook of Chamber Law. Nomos-Verlagsgesellschaft, 2nd edition. Baden-Baden 2011, ISBN 978-3-8329-5133-7 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.darmstadt.ihk.de/standortpolitik/503740/DieRegion.html
- ↑ IHK law ( Memento of the original from July 23, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Act on the provisional regulation of the law of the chambers of industry and commerce in the revised version published in the Federal Law Gazette Part III, structure number 701-1, last amended by Article 2 paragraph 61 of the law of December 22, 2011 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 3044 ) has been changed.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Overview of the IHK report
- ↑ BVerfG, decision of December 7, 2001, Az. 1 BvR 1806/98, full text.
- ↑ Cf. Ulrich Eisenbach: Between economic interest representation and public law mandate - On the history of the IHK. In: Ulrich Eisenbach (Ed.): From the beginnings of industrialization to the engineering region. 150 years IHK Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar. Scientific Book Society Darmstadt, Darmstadt 2012, ISBN 978-3-534-25504-7 , pp. 13ff.
- ↑ cf. ibid., pp. 17-21.
- ↑ cf. ibid., p. 28ff.
- ↑ HWA Abt. 9, No. 56; Greater Hesse State Ministry to the Chambers of Industry, Commerce and Crafts of the State of Greater Hesse, January 10, 1946
- ↑ HWA Abt. 9, No. 56; Circular decree of the Greater Hesse State Ministry to the Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the State of Hesse, May 9, 1946
- ↑ HWA Abt. 9, Nr. 37; Circular decree of the Greater Hesse State Ministry on the reorganization of the Hesse Chamber of Commerce and Industry, December 5, 1946
- ↑ HWA Abt. 9, No. 58; Draft law on the formation of chambers of commerce (Chamber of Commerce Act) of July 18, 1951
- ↑ Ulrich Eisenbach: Between commercial interest representation and public law mandate; in: Helmut Berding (Ed.): 125 years of the Giessen Chamber of Commerce and Industry: Economy in one region. Hessian economic archive. Darmstadt 1997, ISBN 3-9804506-1-9 , pp. 5-43.
- ↑ cf. ibid., p. 32ff.
- ↑ cf. ibid., pp. 33-34.
- ↑ Hans-Peter Bach, Uwe Vetterlein: 150 years and a look ahead. In: Ulrich Eisenbach (Ed.): From the beginnings of industrialization to the engineering region. 150 years IHK Darmstadt Rhein Main Neckar. P. 235ff.
- ↑ http://www.darmstadt.ihk.de/servicemarken/ueber_uns/gremien_ihk_darmstadt/
- ↑ http://www.darmstadt.ihk.de/servicemarken/ueber_uns/gremien_ihk_darmstadt/ihk_vollammlung//
- ↑ http://www.darmstadt.ihk.de/servicemarken/ueber_uns/gremien_ihk_darmstadt/ausschuss/
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.darmstadt.ihk.de/servicemarken/ueber_uns/lösungen_arbeit_ihk/wir_ueber_uns_IHK_themen/
- ↑ Networks, clusters, specialist portals in South Hesse. Retrieved on February 25, 2020 (German).
