István Paulovics

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

István Paulovics , also István Járdányi-Paulovics (born February 28, 1892 in Izsa , † December 9, 1952 in Debrecen , Hungary ) was a Hungarian provincial Roman archaeologist and classical philologist . Towards the end of the 1920s, he had his Slavic surname Magyarized in Járdányi , but continued to publish under the maiden name.

life and work

Paulovics was born as the son of the cantor and headmaster József Paulovics and his wife Anna Haszpra in then Hungarian Izsa, now Iža in Slovakia . Between 1910 and 1914 he studied Egyptology , archeology , Latin philology and cultural history at the then Royal Hungarian University in Budapest . He completed his studies with a doctoral thesis published in 1917 on the Hellenistic-Egyptian finds in Hungary.

In 1914 he joined the Hungarian National Museum . Here he completed a free internship in the coin and antiquity department. He later became one of the custodians in the Department of Antiquities . During this time, among other things, he designed the museum's permanent exhibition for its Roman stone monuments in 1926, which existed in this form until 1998. He placed particular emphasis on the exploration of the Limes Pannonicus . In 1927 and 1928, and in the early 1940s, he carried out the first scientific excavations at the Brigetio legionary camp . In 1931 and 1932, respectively, Paulovics first conducted research at the Intercisa fort . In doing so, he focused his main attention on the condition of the defensive wall and the determination of the total extent of the fort area. In 1934 he exposed the Burgus Verőcemaros-Dunamező . In 1935 he began the first scientific excavations at the Campona Fort . An important result of his work there was the unequivocal identification of the camp as the ancient Campona . On 29 June 1936 he was at the University of Budapest habilitation and was there until 1938 as a lecturer ( professor working). During this time he was also employed as the director of the Antiquities Department at the National Museum. The following year he was commissioned by the Hungarian National Museum to examine the remains of the late Roman inner fort Ságvár . On a study trip he visited Italy , Greece and the Balkans .

Cathedral and bishopric in Szombathely. The archaeological park located there was posthumously named Járdányi Paulovics István Ruins Garden .

In 1938 he moved to the Institute for Ancient History and Classical Archeology at the University of Pécs and was appointed associate professor there on July 28, 1938. After his excavations on the Pannonian Danube Limes , the archaeologist now dealt intensively with the late Roman past of Szombathely , the ancient Savaria . He was interested in the early Christian monuments, Martin von Tours , who was born in Savaria, and the question of where the Basilica of Quirinus of Siscia could have stood there. He assumed to have discovered this basilica during the excavations he began in 1938 in the Bishop's Garden in Szombathely. However, strong doubts later arose about this identification. Paulovics continued to dig in Szombathely until the war year 1941. In 1939 he set up the first modern Roman lapidarium in the basement of the Szombathely Museum. Among other things, the lighting for the most important pieces was important to him.

From 1940 he taught ancient history and archeology with a professorship at the University of Debrecen . His occupation with the supposedly “Roman” city wall of Vasvár as well as with the ruins of the local St. Michael's Church were among his last activities as an active digging archaeologist in 1948. He presented his results in 1949. When the socialist regime came to power in Hungary, the reconstruction of the University of Debrecen began in 1949. At the same time the number of students in the field of classical studies decreased. In April 1950 it was ordered to dissolve the Institute for Classical Studies, where Paulovics worked, and to transfer it to the Historical Institute. With that he lost his previous teaching position. While Paulovics was already terminally ill, he continued trying to restore archeology to its place at the university and resisted shortening history on the basis of socialist ideology. Although an independent department for archeology was no longer resumed, a seminar for ancient history was approved. With the students he undertook study trips to Savaria, Aquincum ( Óbuda ), Gorsium (Tác) and Patria ( Pécs ). Even in the last year of his life, when he was already feeling very ill, he was out and about in the spring and summer before he came to the hospital and died on December 9, 1952.

Paulovics was a member of the Hungarian Society for Archeology and Art History (Magyar Régészeti és Történeti Társulatnak) and the German Archaeological Institute .

Paulovics was considered an excellent singer whose musical talent was particularly encouraged by his father. He was married to the teacher and amateur musician Maria Eperjessy. The Hungarian composer and music teacher Pál Járdányi (1920–1966) was born in Budapest and was his son. The family also had a daughter named Márta.

Posthumously

In memory of the archaeologist, the archaeological park in Szombathely in the former Bishop's Garden was named Járdányi Paulovics István Ruins Garden and in Vasvár a street, Járdányi Paulovics utca , commemorates him.

Fonts (selection)

  • A vasvári régészeti kutatások eredményei az 1948 , évben, Debrecen 1949.
  • A szombathelyi Szent Márton-egyháznak Savariai Szent Márton születéshelyének rómaikori elected . Szombathely 1944.
  • Dacia keleti határvonala és az ugynevezet “dák” -ezüstkincsek kérdése . Kolozsvár 1944.
  • Savaria - Szombathely topográfiája (=  Acta Savariensia 1), Szombathely, 1943.
  • Lapidarium Savariense. Római kőemlékek új felállítása a szombathelyi múzeumban . Martineum Könyvnyomda, 1943.
  • Finds and research in Brigetio (Szőny) . In: Laureae Aquincenses II (=  Dissertaciones Pannonicae II / 11), 1941, pp. 118-164.
  • Szent Quirinus savariai bazilikájának feltárása . In: Vas Megye Közgyűlése 5, No. 3 (1938), pp. 138–152.
  • Il limes romano in Ungheria . Istituto di Studi Romani, Rome 1938.
  • A Dunapentelei római telep (Intercisa). A maradványok története, a kutatások irodalma (The Roman settlement of Dunapentele (Intercisa), history of the remains, bibliography of research, findings from 1926). (=  Archaeologia hungarica 2), Királyi magyar egyetemi nyomda, Budapest 1927.
  • Hellenisztikus egyiptomi emlékek Magyarországon . Doktori ért, Heisler és Kózol, 1917.

literature

  • Zoltán Oroszlán : Járdányi-Paulovics István . In: Archeológiai Értesítő 81 (1954), pp. 202–203.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Baptism entry of February 28, 1892 in the Izsa church book at familysearch.org , accessed on February 4, 2016.
  2. ↑ István Paulovics: Hellenisztikus egyiptomi emlékek Magyarországon . Doktori ért, Heisler és Kózol, 1917.
  3. ^ Zsolt Visy : The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Theiss, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 54.
  4. ^ Éva B. Bónis : István Járdányi Paulovics and the exploration of Pannonian glazed ceramics. In: Acta classica universitatis scientiarum Debreceniensis. Vol. 30, 1994, Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem Kiadói Bizottsága, Debrecen 1995, pp. 107-110; here: p. 108.
  5. ^ Zsolt Visy: The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Theiss, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 101.
  6. ^ Barnabás Lőrincz : A későrómai hídfőállások bélyeges téglái Valeriában. In: Attila Gaál (Ed.): Pannoniai kutatások. A Soproni Sándor emlékkonferencia előadásai (Bölcske, 1998. October 7th) . Szekszárd 1999, pp. 53-68.
  7. ^ László Kocsis : Campona Castellum. In: Zsolt Visy (ed.): The Roman army in Pannonia. Teleki Lázló Foundation 2003, ISBN 963-86388-2-6 , p. 107.
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Schmidt: Late antique grave fields in the northern provinces of the Roman Empire and the emergence of Christian burial customs. Tricciana (Ságvár) in the province of Valeria. In: Saalburg-Jahrbuch, 50, 2000. pp. 213–441; here: p. 357.
  9. ↑ Dorottya Gáspár: Early Christian research in Pannonia since István Járdányi Paulovic's activity . In: Acta Classica Universitatis Scientiarum Debreceniensis 30, 1994 (1995), pp. 111-120; here: p. 113.
  10. ↑ Endre Tóth : Late antique imperial palace in Savaria. The question of the so-called Quirinus basilica . In: Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 25, 1973, pp. 117-137.
  11. ↑ Lajos Balla, András Mócsy , Tihamér Szentléleky (eds.): The Roman stone monuments of Savaria , Hakkert, Amsterdam 1971, p. 12.
  12. ^ University of Debrecen, photo of the swearing-in of István Paulovics, 1940 , accessed on February 4, 2016.
  13. ↑ István Paulovics: A vasvári régészeti kutatások eredményei az 1948 , évben, Debrecen 1949
  14. ↑ Veronika Kusz: Pál Járdányi (=  Hungarian Composers 32), Mágus, Budapest 2004, ISBN 963-9433-37-3 , p. 3.
personal data
SURNAME Paulovics, István
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Járdányi-Paulovics, István (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Hungarian provincial Roman archaeologist and classical philologist
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Izsa
DATE OF DEATH December 9, 1952
Place of death Debrecen , Hungary