Jerg Council

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Barbara altar in Schwaigern, 1510
Excerpt from the history of the Carmel, Carmelite Monastery Frankfurt, 1517
There is a copy of the altarpiece in the Herrenberg Collegiate Church
Herrenberger Altar (1518–21), open ( State Gallery Stuttgart )
Resurrection of Christ (Herrenberg Altar, outer wing on the right)
Last Supper (Herrenberger Altar, outer wing left)

Jerg Ratgeb (also Jörg Ratgeb; * around 1480 in Gmünd ; † 1526 in Pforzheim ) was a southern German painter of the Dürer period and one of the peasant leaders in the German Peasant War . Little is known about his life. He came safely from Gmünd, received citizenship in Stuttgart in 1503 , then worked in the Rhine-Main area, from 1509 to 1512 in Heilbronn , then in Frankfurt am Main and from 1521/1522 again in Stuttgart. His main works are the Barbara Altar in the Schwaigern City Church (1510), the Herrenberg Altar (1518/1519) and the painting of the Frankfurt Carmelite Monastery (1514-18). Because of his contacts to the Frankfurt Carmelites and patricians, various other, stylistically related works in this area are ascribed to him.

He was sentenced to death for high treason because of his support for the insurgents in the German Peasants' War, from whom he was elected one of their leaders, and was probably executed by quartering .

Life

Jerg Ratgeb almost certainly comes from the Ratgeb family in Gmünd. In files from 1522 and 1526 a Jacob Schürtz, called Ratgeb, is named as his father. The family possibly lived in the Schürtzenhaus , which has been occupied in Gmünd since 1371 , from which the father could possibly have received the house name . The father could also be identical to a Jacob Ratgeb named in 1503 as the manager of a farm in Herrenberg , from which some connections in Jerg Ratgeb's later life could be explained.

Jerg Ratgeb received his training first in Gmünd. It is not known where the journey of his apprenticeship took him. From the later characteristics of his works one suspects that he stayed in Swabia , in the Upper Rhine area and in Augsburg . Around 1500 Jerg Ratgeb was first mentioned as a possible journeyman of Hans Holbein the Elder. Ä. tangible when working on the high altar for the Frankfurt Dominican Church. However, he subsequently regained his mastery in Gmünd, as he later used the coat of arms of the Gmünd painters' guild as a seal.

In 1503 Ratgeb moved to Stuttgart and acquired citizenship there . This could be in connection with a possible relocation of the father from Gmünd to Herrenberg. Jerg Ratgeb did not stay long in Stuttgart, however, as he was in Frankfurt am Main as early as 1504/1505 , where he could have worked for Claus Stalburg , where he could have created the portraits of the Stalburg Altar and the painting of the Great Stalburg on Kornmarkt . Between 1505 and 1507 he continued to work in the Rhine-Main area, so he could also have carried out the altar commission for Lucia Heller for the Weißfrauenkirche in Frankfurt . Ratgeb is mentioned again in Stuttgart in 1508 and 1509 before he moved his workshop to Heilbronn in 1509 .

In Heilbronn Ratgeb was merely background aces and could not acquire citizenship, as it was not possible for him, his then-girlfriend, with whom he also had children from servitude Duke Ulrich's ransom. The "woman", probably a serf from Herrenberg, is mentioned until 1512 and is believed to have died after that. Various indications suggest that Ratgeb in Heilbronn initially worked for the Heilbronn Carmelite monastery . Another potential client in Heilbronn is the mayor Conrad Erer , whose son-in-law Wicker Frosch († 1510) is buried under a wall painting from 1515/16 in the Frankfurt Carmelite cloister. In 1510 Ratgeb designed the Barbara altar for the Schwaigerner town church .

Ratgeb left Heilbronn in 1512 and gave up his citizenship in Stuttgart in the same year. Immediately afterwards he could have been back in Frankfurt, where the altar made in 1512 by a master Jorg Maler in Rödelheim is ascribed to him. At the end of 1513 he could have been involved in the painting of the summer refectory in Mainz , which was restored after a fire .

Ratgeb stayed safely in Frankfurt from 1514 to 1518, with an interruption due to a trip to Herrenberg to set up the altar and choir stalls for Provost Johannes Rebmann († 1517). At that time, Ratgeb created the largest wall painting north of the Alps for the Carmelite monastery in Frankfurt , of which only small remains have survived today. From the extensive picture program, including an adoration for Claus Stalburg († 1524), memorial pictures for various Frankfurt patrician families, etc., one can deduce his previous clients. For style-critical considerations, Ratgeb is also attributed the small winged altar of the Frankfurt Carmelite Church, which was created in 1516 at the same time as the north side of the monastery was painted. A big Last Judgment on the eastern part of the south wall marked the grave of counselor Jörg Glasser von Bamberg, who died of the plague in 1516. Before Ratgeb completed the picture cycle of the Frankfurt Carmelite monastery in 1518, he painted a story of the Carmel in the summer refectory.

At the Frankfurt Easter Fair in 1518, Ratgeb acquired the required colors for the Herrenberg Altar , formerly created for the Herrenberg Collegiate Church , today in the State Gallery in Stuttgart , which he completed in the following two years, during which he stayed in Herrenberg. In 1519 he returned to Frankfurt and is documented several times in the Rhine-Main area in 1520/1521. In 1519/1520 he worked again in the Carmelite monastery and in the Carmelite Church, and in 1521 he created wall paintings in the Mainz Cathedral . In 1521/1522 he closed his Frankfurt workshop, in which he probably had ten employees, and returned to Stuttgart. Little is known about his activities there. He may have worked for the Carmelites in Esslingen , where Duchess Elisabeth donated a new high altar.

As a member of the Stuttgart Council, he negotiated in the Peasants' War in 1525 with the rebellious peasants and took part in the war contingent required by the rebels. He was elected by the peasants as councilor and chancellor.

On the side of Duke Ulrich, he fought for the regaining of his territory. After the rebels were put down, Ratgeb fled, but was denounced and arrested. He was accused of high treason for “the Pauer's War and Duke Ulrich's sake” and executed in Pforzheim in 1525 or 1526 by dividing him into four with horses.

reception

Artist

At the end of the 19th century, his work was rediscovered by Otto Donner von Richter and has remained the subject of controversial interpretations ever since. His tragic end repeatedly motivated art historians , above all Wilhelm Fraenger , to read his narrow, preserved work as a political manifesto. In contemporary art history, these interpretations are predominantly rejected as short-circuited.

In the 20th century, several historical novels were devoted to his fate:

  • Georg Schwarz: Jörg Advice. Munich 1937.
  • Marianne Bruns: The Trail of the Nameless Painter. Berlin 1975.
  • Anton Monzer: The trace of the pictures: a biographical novel about the painter Jörg Ratgeb. Bietigheim 1999.

In 1977 Ratgeb was the main character in the DEFA film Jörg Ratgeb, painter . Directed by Bernhard Stephan , the main actor was Alois Švehlík .

From 1990 onwards, Ratgeb's life was the subject of an open-air or summer theater play lasting several hours called Jerg Ratgeb, painter. An artist drama that was performed by the Lindenhof Theater on the Ammerhof near Tübingen , recorded by SDR and broadcast on television. Uwe Zellmer , the author of the play, received the Volkstheaterpreis of the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1990 for the implementation of the material .

In 2004, Hans Kloss created a large four-part winged altar in the manner of the old masters, which was presented in the Schwäbisch Gmünder Johanniskirche and bought by the Würth Collection. He devotes himself entirely to the figure and the cruel end of advice.

Commemoration

Lenk: Memory of the painter Jerg Ratgeb

Ratgeb is the namesake of various public spaces and institutions: For example , Jörg-Ratgeb-Platz was named after him in the Sontheim district of Heilbronn , Jörg-Ratgeb-Weg in Schwäbisch Gmünder Weststadt , and Jörg-Ratgeb-Straße in Pforzheim's city center . In the Stuttgart district of Neugereut the Jörg-Ratgeb-Schule , in Herrenberg the Jerg-Ratgeb-Realschule and the Jerg Ratgeb Sculpture Path were given his name.

In 1977 the wood cutter HAP Grieshaber founded the Jerg Ratgeb Prize together with the sculptor Rolf Szymanski . The prize was awarded to the Austrian sculptor Rudolf Hoflehner for the first time by its sponsors . After Grieshaber's death, the idea of ​​the art prize was taken up again by the HAP-Grieshaber-Foundation Reutlingen , which has been awarding the prize since 1987.

literature

  • Uta Baier: Jerg Ratgeb. From church painter to peasant warrior. In: Arsprototo , 3/2012, pp. 52-57.
  • Sabine Oth: The word in the pictures by Jerg Ratgeb. Tectum-Verlag, Marburg 2005, ISBN 3-8288-8817-8 . (also dissertation University of Frankfurt (Main), 2004)
  • Kurt Holes:  Advice, Jörg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 169 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Lisa de la Mare Farber: Jerg Ratgeb and the Herrenberg Altarpiece. Dissertation. Princeton NJ 1989.
  • Ute-Nortrud Kaiser: Jörg Ratgeb - trace security , Frankfurt a. Main / Pforzheim 1985 (= small writings of the Historisches Museum Frankfurt am Main, vol. 23).
  • Wilhelm Fraenger: Jörg Ratgeb, a painter and martyr from the Peasants' War. Dresden 1972.
  • Otto Donner von Richter:  Ratgeb, Jörg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 343-349.
  • Otto Donner von Richter: Jerg Ratgeb, painter from Schwäbisch Gemünd. His wall paintings in the Carmelite monastery in Frankfurt am Main and his altar work in the collegiate church in Herrenberg. Frankfurt am Main 1892.
  • Günter Helmes : “I'm not a Bundschuher, I don't want to set fire to the world like you do, I want to paint”. Bernhard Stephans Jerg Ratgeb-Film JÖRG RATGEB, PAINTER (1977). In: DEFA's Biographical Films. Between reconstruction, dramaturgy and worldview . Edited by Michael Grisko and Günter Helmes. Leipzig 2020, pp. 122–175. ISBN 978-3-96023-353-4 .

Web links

Commons : Jerg Ratgeb  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Life data according to the Jerg Ratgeb (around 1480 - 1526). In: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. Retrieved April 10, 2019 .
  2. ^ Hans Kloss: Ratgeb Altar. In: hans-kloss.de. June 4, 2017, Retrieved April 10, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Advice, Jerg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Advice, Jörg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION South German painter of the Renaissance
DATE OF BIRTH around 1480
PLACE OF BIRTH Gmuend
DATE OF DEATH 1526
Place of death Pforzheim