Israelite community in Munich and Upper Bavaria

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The new main synagogue on St.-Jakobs-Platz in Munich; on the right in the background the Jewish Museum

The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde München und Oberbayern (IKG) is the second largest Jewish community in Germany with around 9500 members in the legal form of a public corporation . Like the communities of Cologne , Frankfurt , Hamburg and Berlin, it forms an independent regional association within the Central Council of Jews in Germany and is one of the two regional associations in Bavaria .

Structurally, the Munich Jewish Center in Munich's old town is the heart of the community.

Structure and community life

The Israelitische Kultusgemeinde has a comprehensive religious and administrative infrastructure which enables its members to practice their religion and to preserve the Jewish tradition. This includes three synagogues in the city, a kosher butcher, a kosher restaurant, two mikvot (ritual immersion baths), a senior citizens' home, a kindergarten, a primary school with after-school care , a grammar school, a youth and cultural center with a Jewish adult education center and library, and a social department , an integration department for new immigrants from the states of the former Soviet Union and two cemeteries - the Old and New Israelite Cemetery .

As a unified community , the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde comprises Jewish members of all religious orientations and is run in accordance with the Jewish religious law, the Halacha .

organs

The board is elected for four years and consists of 15 people, from among whom a president and two vice-presidents are elected. The president runs the business and represents the community externally. The Presidium consists of the President and the two Vice-Presidents. It has to implement the resolutions of the board.

Board of Presidium

In the elections on July 7th and 10th, 2016, the following people were elected to the board:

Bureau

At the constituent meeting of the new board on July 11, 2016, the board members elected Jehoshua Chmiel and Ariel Kligman from their midst as vice-presidents and confirmed Charlotte Knobloch as president.

Rabbinate

The community currently employs three rabbis, Shmuel Aharon Brodman, Yehuda Aharon Horovitz and Avigdor Bergauz, all of whom are members of the Orthodox Rabbinical Conference in Germany . Shmuel Aharon Brodman is the acting parish rabbi.

History of the IKG Munich and the Jewish communities in Upper Bavaria

History of Jewish life in Munich

Memorial stone for the former main synagogue in Munich on Herzog-Max-Straße

Despite unclear sources, historians agree that Jews settled here shortly after Munich was founded in 1158. In 1229, "Abraham der Municher" was the first Munich Jew to be named by name. A synagogue in Munich is first mentioned in 1381. In the Middle Ages, pogroms against Jews alternated with growth phases in the Jewish community. In 1442 all Jews were expelled from Munich and Upper Bavaria .

Only in the 18th century Jews settled in Munich again. Maximilian I. Joseph ensured the legal security of Jews for the first time , so that a regular life on the basis of certain regulations was possible for the Jewish community in Bavaria. In 1815 the "Israelitische Kultusgemeinde München" was founded and in 1816 a Jewish cemetery was laid out. In 1824 the construction of the synagogue on Westenriederstrasse began on what was then the city's outskirts. In 1882, King Ludwig II made sure that a plot of land was made available opposite the Maxburg for the construction of a main synagogue . Five years later, the new synagogue was inaugurated in the presence of many high-ranking guests.

From 1920 on, the judge Alfred Neumeyer was chairman of the Jewish community. From January 1933, massive, state-ordered repression measures began by the National Socialists , which in 1935 led first to the Nuremberg race laws and finally to the systematic extermination of European Jews . As the “ capital of the movement ” so called by the party leadership, Munich played a special and pioneering role. While the Jewish community in Munich still had 9,000 members in 1936, this number had already halved two years later. On June 7, 1938, Adolf Hitler personally gave the order to remove the main synagogue in Munich; the house of worship was demolished until June 9th. The Reichspogromnacht began on November 9, 1938 with a hate speech by Joseph Goebbels in the Old Town Hall in Munich. The "Ohel Jakob" synagogue on Herzog-Rudolf-Strasse burned down , the synagogue on Reichenbachstrasse was desecrated, but not set on fire due to the dense development in the Gärtnerplatzviertel . The Munich Jews who did not emigrate were deported from 1941 onwards or, like the private lawyer Karl Neumeyer and his wife on July 17, 1941, committed suicide.

After the Second World War , Jewish life returned to Munich. On July 15, 1945 the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde München und Oberbayern (IKG) was re-established, and on May 20, 1947, the restored synagogue at Reichenbachstrasse 27 was inaugurated on the 20th. During these years Munich was the port of call for countless “ displaced persons ” from all over Europe , including Jewish ones, but most of them eventually emigrated to Israel , the USA or other countries.

On February 13, 1970 an arson attack was carried out on the old people's home of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde in Munich , in which seven residents were killed. Despite various theories about the authors, the culprit has not yet been clarified.

In November 2006 the new main synagogue on St.-Jakobs-Platz was inaugurated. In March 2007, the IKG was able to bring together all of its institutions in the community center that was built at the same time , which had previously been scattered across the entire city for decades. In addition, the Jewish Museum in Munich was built here under municipal sponsorship.

Historical data of Jewish communities in Upper Bavaria

In historical times there were Jewish communities in Upper Bavaria in addition to Munich , in Altötting , Bad Tölz , Dachau , Eichstätt , Erding , Freising , Garmisch , Ingolstadt , Landsberg am Lech , Neuburg , Pfaffenhofen , Rosenheim , Starnberg , Traunstein and Weilheim .

Jewish communities
in Upper Bavaria
 time annotation

Beilngries Jewish religious community		 1634-1648 In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Eichstätt
Jewish community of
Burghausen		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community Altötting
Jewish community of
Diessen / Ammersee		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Landsberg am Lech
Jewish community of
Dorfen		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Erding
"Israelitische Betgesellschaft"
Eichstätt		 From the Middle Ages to 1945 Independent Jewish community
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community in
Erding		 From the Middle Ages to 1945 Independent Jewish community
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.

Feldafing Jewish Community		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Starnberg
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.

Föhrenwald Jewish community		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Starnberg
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community of
Gauting		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Starnberg
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community of
Geisenfeld		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Pfaffenhofen
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community of
Geretsried		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Bad Tölz
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community of
Greifenberg		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community Landsberg am Lech
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community of
Ingolstadt		 From the Middle Ages to 1945
Independent Jewish community
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community of
Königsdorf		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community Bad Tölz
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community in
Kraiburg am Inn		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Mühldorf
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community in
Landsberg / Lech		 From the Middle Ages to 1945 Independent Jewish community
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.
Jewish community in
Mittenwald		 From the 15th to the 18th century In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community Garmisch
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.

Mörnsheim Jewish community		 From the 15th to the 18th century In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Eichstätt.
Jewish community
Neumarkt - Sankt Veit		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Mühldorf.
Jewish community of
Neuötting		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community Altötting.
Jewish community of
Pfaffenhofen ad Ilm		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Ingolstadt.
Jewish community in
Rennertshofen		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Neuburg.
Jewish community of
St. Ottilien		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community Landsberg am Lech.
Jewish community of
Vohburg ad Donau		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Pfaffenhofen.
Jewish community of
Wasserburg - Atteln		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Rosenheim.
Jewish community of
Wasserburg - Gabersee		 middle Ages In the 19th and 20th Century: belonged to the Jewish community of Rosenheim.
Jewish community in
Weilheim		 From the Middle Ages to 1945 Independent Jewish community
From 1945 to 1948/50: Jewish community of displaced persons, d. H. Survivors of the Shoah and the concentration camps and Jewish refugees.

See also

literature

  • Hans Lamm (Ed.): From Jews in Munich. A memorial book. Ner-Tamid-Verl., Munich 1958.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.ikg-m.de/gemeinde/
  2. ↑ http://www.ikg-m.de/gemeinde/organe/
  3. ↑ http://www.ikg-m.de/kultus-und-religion/rabbinat/
  4. ^ Heinrich von Bonhorst: Karl Neumeyer , in: Manfred Treml , Wolf Weigand (Hrsg.): History and culture of the Jews in Bavaria. Resumes . Munich: Saur, 1988, pp. 257-261
  5. ↑ [1]

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 4.2 "  N , 11 ° 34 ′ 20.3"  E