Jełguń
| Jełguń (lost village) |
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Warmia-Masuria | ||
| Powiat : | Olsztyn | ||
| Gmina : | Stawiguda | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 39 ' N , 20 ° 32' E | ||
| Residents : | 0 | ||
Jełguń (German Gelguhnen ) is a deserted village and a field name in the southern Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . She belongs to Gmina Stawiguda in the Olsztyński powiat in north-eastern Poland . The Jełguń desert is hardly recognizable today.
Gelguhnen was the only glassworks in Warmia from 1775 to 1888 .
geography
Geographical location
The desert lies in the west of the Masurian Lake District , which belongs to the Baltic ridge . It is about 15 kilometers south of Olsztyn and is located on the south bank of jezioro Jełguń (Gelguhner Lake).
geology
The landscape was shaped by the ice sheet and is a post-glacial , hilly, wooded ground moraine with numerous channel lakes and rivers. The area is characterized by numerous lakes, swamps, ponds, and coniferous and mixed forests.
history
Originally this Prussian landscape ( Gau Barten ) was settled by the pagan Prussians . In the course of forced Christianization , the Diocese of Warmia was part of the Teutonic Order Land from 1243 . After the Second Peace of Thorn in 1466, Warmia was subordinated to the Crown of Poland as an autonomous princedom of Warmia . Not far south ran the border between the Duchy of Prussia and the Duchy of Warmia and thus between the regions of Warmia and Masuria until 1772 . With the first partition of Poland in 1772, Warmia became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and later the Province of East Prussia . Gelguhnen belonged to the 1818-1945 district Allenstein in the administrative district of Olsztyn on. The official place name was from 1802 "Gellguhn" and from 1820 "Gelguhn". From 1905 Gelguhnen was living in the Ramuck forestry district. At the end of January 1945 Gelguhnen was taken by the Red Army and placed under the Soviet command. After the end of the war , the desert became part of the People's Republic of Poland in the Olsztyński powiat and has been called Jełguń ever since .
Gelguhnen glassworks
The glassworks was founded at the end of the 1775s on the south bank of the Gelguhner See. The wood requirement for glass production was enormous and the forest was heavily cut down. The wood ash was used to wash liquor production and in the glass used production. To produce 100 kilograms of pure potash , the glaziers needed around 200 cubic meters of wood. Another 100 cubic meters of wood were needed to melt the potash with quartz sand into glass. The charcoal , which charcoal burners made in charcoal piles, was preferred for this . Two parts of wood ash with one part of sand made the green forest glass .
In 1781 the hut in Gelguhnen was expanded and five years later the potash factory was modernized. The potash was also sold in the neighboring villages because it was used to make soaps, paints, beer and other products. Both hollow glass (beer and liqueur bottles, water, preserving and candy jars) and flat glass (window panes and glass plates) were manufactured in the glassworks . The glassware was loaded onto covered wagons and sold in the markets in the villages and towns in southern East Prussia .
Between 1770 and 1788, the number of families employed in the Gelguhn potash boiler increased from 16 to 37. At the turn of the century 1799/1800 there was a break in production in the glassworks for several years because the buildings were destroyed in 1805. The Napoleonic Wars led to an increased demand for glass and glass products. The glassworks in Gelguhnen was set up again in 1817.
- Exit
In 1888 the glassworks ceased operations. The Goerke economy leaseholder continued to run his business, where timber auctions and forest courts took place. Until 1930 Gelguhnen was a jug and trading center. Around 1930 the glassworks building and the inn were demolished. From the 1930s onwards, the remaining buildings were used as apartments for forest workers, and after the Second World War they were used as shelters .
- Population development
- 1817: 11 fireplaces ; 108 souls
- 1857: 254
- 1860: 200
- 1861: 271
- 1874: 223; with Ramuck
- 1905: 8
- 1907: 20
- 1913: 15
Religions
The pagan Prussians worshiped the Baltic and Lithuanian deities . After the compulsory Christianization by the German Ordinance , the Diocese of Ermland was part of the Teutonic Order Land from 1243 . The residents of the Catholic denomination visited the church in Wuttrinen . The Protestant church was built in Neu Bartelsdorf in 1887/88 .
Personalities
- August Manns (1825–1907), Kapellmeister and conductor; lived in Gelguhnen around 1840.
Web links
- Gelguhnen at GenWiki
- Gelguhnen (forester's house) at GenWiki
- Gelguhnen in local information according to D. Lange
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ramuck Forestry District. GenWiki , accessed November 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Glass treasures from the woods near Allenstein. Wochenblatt (Poland) , August 17, 2015, accessed on November 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Oskar-Wilhelm Bachor: Queen Viktoria gave him a Stradivarius ... In: Das Ostpreußenblatt 1960, p. 11-19 March 1960, accessed on 16 November 2018 .