Johann Baptist Scholl
Johann Baptist Scholl , called the Younger (* July 24, 1818 in Mainz , † September 26, 1881 in Limburg an der Lahn ), was a Hessian sculptor , draftsman and painter of the 19th century.
He came from a family of sculptors originally based in Bamberg , whose origins can be traced back to the beginning of the 18th century and whose members are still active as sculptors today. The following is the degree of relationship to Johann Baptist Scholl the Elder. J. in brackets.
The sculptor family
Jonas Scholl (great-grandfather, 1701 in Obereuerheim), whose life is not exactly known, was probably a sculptor. This would at least explain why his two sons Johann Valentin (grandfather, 1730–1799) and Johann Adam (great-uncle, born 1733) worked as sculptors in Bamberg and Trier , respectively .
Johann Valentin is to be regarded as the actual progenitor of the Scholl sculpting dynasty, from which a Mainz , a Bremen and a Darmstadt line emerged.
The Mainz line consisted of Johann Georg the Younger (uncle, 1763–1820), Joseph Franz (cousin, 1796–1842) and ended with Anton (cousin II. Degree, 1839–1892). The oldest Gutenberg sculpture in Mainz was made by Joseph Scholl in 1827. Today it is hidden in the entrance area of the administration building of the Gutenberg Museum . Reliefs by Anton Scholl at Mainz main station are known.
Peter Ignatius (uncle, 1780–1825) and his son Johannes (cousin, 1805–1861) worked as sculptors in Bremen.
The Darmstadt line was founded by Johann Baptist Scholl the Elder. Ä. (Father, 1784–1854) founded. He was followed by Johann Baptist the Elder. J., Karl Scholl (son, 1840–1912), Hermann (grandson, 1875–1957), Ulla Scholl (great-granddaughter, 1919–2011) and Ulla M. (great-great-granddaughter, born 1948 in Munich ).
biography
Johann Baptist Scholl was born on July 24, 1818 as the son of the sculptor of the same name Johann Baptist Scholl and his wife Francisca, née. Clos born in Mainz. Scholl d. Ä. had been appointed court sculptor by Grand Duke Ludwig I to Darmstadt as early as 1817 and worked closely with the Grand Ducal Senior Building Director Dr. Herman Georg Moller together. Immediately after his son was born, the family from Mainz followed him. Johann Baptist d. J. spent his youth in Darmstadt, shaped by the activities of his father and his two cousins. From childhood he learned how to work with modeling wood and chisels in his father's workshop , while in Moller's drawing school he learned architectural representations.
At the age of 16, Johann Baptist d. J. 1834 under the number 1952 in the Munich Academy of the Arts . In order to support his father, who had received considerable orders to decorate the Homburg vd Höhe palace , he repeatedly interrupted his stay in Munich. During this time, Scholl's first works, two 1.95 meter tall Elisabeth figures, were created for the Homburg Palace, which Moller had rebuilt at the request of Landgravine Elisabeth von Hessen-Homburg to match the spirit of the times.
On January 6, 1838, at the age of 19, Scholl married Anna Margarethe Schleißheimer in Munich. The marriage had eight children. Scholl worked artistically on grave monuments , but also made a name for himself with graphics. To support his father, Johann Baptist d. J. returned to Darmstadt with family in 1842. The cooperation under one roof did not go smoothly. After a short time, Scholl d. J. to Mainz to take over the studio of his cousin Joseph Scholl, who died on April 7, 1842. In 1843, Scholl received the order from Grand Duke Ludwig II to create two larger than life landgrave figures, which were to take the previous place of two allegorical figures on the main portal of the Darmstadt residential palace . Scholl worked on the two figures in the Darmstadt studio until 1845. Obviously, Ludwig II had made a different decision regarding the location and a long struggle for its installation ensued. It was not until 1853 that Ludwig III. Place the two landgraves as free figures in a place that is not suitable for the conception. The hoped-for success and recognition for Scholl did not materialize.
In his time in Mainz, Scholl actually earned his living by creating grave monuments that are still in the main cemetery today. At the same time he was teaching modeling at the Mainz trade school. In addition, he was used by the Mainz provincial master builder Ignaz Opfermann for the buildings and restorations carried out at the time. He moved to Frankfurt am Main in 1846 for no apparent reason . He wanted to give up sculpture out of bitterness over the unsuccessful order to carry out the herd monument in Weimar . Scholl devoted himself again to the art of tombs and graphics , u. a. created illustrations for the "German poets".
In 1847 Scholl moved again, this time to the Taunus town of Rödelheim . There he received from Grand Duke Ludwig III. the order for a memorial in honor of the Hessian warriors who fell from 1792 to 1815. The “Veterans Monument” was unveiled in Darmstadt in 1852 and is now lovingly referred to as “ Riwwelmatthes ” by the Darmstadt residents in the Herrengarten. In the same year Scholl made the grave monument for the court and chief building director Moller, who died on March 13, and in 1854 the grave monument for his own father. After his death, the title “court sculptor” went to Johann Baptist the Elder. J. about. Nevertheless, he stayed in Rödelheim. The Darmstadt studio was run by a manager until Scholl's son, Karl, later took it over.
In 1852 Scholl turned to wall painting and planned two large-format paintings in the romantic style with his childhood friend, the painter Karl Engel. The "dream of the bridegroom" and the "dream of the artist" should be shown at the Paris World Exhibition and bring about the breakthrough as a painter. The monumental paintings, each 5 meters high and 3.5 meters wide, were not finished in time and could only be presented under insufficient circumstances. The murals remained in the possession of the two artists and were inherited. Today they are considered lost, but are depicted and discussed in detail in Thiemann-Stoedtner's book. At the same time, Scholl was from Ludwig III. was entrusted with the painting of five ceiling medallions for the court theater in Darmstadt . These paintings were lost in a fire in 1871. Scholl was not recognized as a painter.
From a newspaper note in the Mainzer Anzeiger from October 16, 1858, Scholl emerges as the creator of the Hessian monument near Finthen. This was built on October 10, 1858 to commemorate the participation of the future Grand Duke Ludwig I in the siege of Mainz (1793) on the Feilkirchhöhe near Finthen, today Mainz-Finthen . It is unclear when Scholl received the order. However, it should have been around 1854/55, at which time Ludwig III. have the exact position of his grandfather's tent determined during the siege.
In 1857 Johann Baptist the Younger suffered an epileptic attack for the first time . The disease was to significantly impair his continued functioning. The eldest son Karl left the trade school in Freising in order not to let his sick father work alone. In 1860 father and son moved into the Darmstadt studio. There they worked on the order received in 1859 for the Schiller Monument in Mainz, which was unveiled in 1862 to great applause. Due to the success, Scholl also received the order for a Schiller monument in Wiesbaden , which was unveiled in 1866. It was canceled again in 1897. The Schiller monument in Mainz was Scholl's last important work. Other artistic works were several fountains in Darmstadt, including the Darmstadtiabrunnen and in 1865 the 8.5 meter high memorial cross for Grand Duchess Wilhelmine on the Heiligenberg near Jugenheim an der Bergstrasse, inaugurated on May 28, 1866.
For the base of this cross, Scholl used syenite from Weißenstadt in the Fichtelgebirge for the first time , a hard rock whose machine grinding and polishing had only been developed a few years earlier.
Johann Baptist Scholl the Younger lived for another 15 years without any significant creative phase. He changed whereabouts several times until he died on September 26, 1881 at the age of 63 in Limburg an der Lahn in the house of a son-in-law. Most of the grave monuments in the cemeteries in Darmstadt and Mainz as well as some sculptures have been preserved from his creative phase.
Johann Baptist Scholl was buried in the old cemetery in Darmstadt (grave site: IB 105).
literature
- Ottilie Thiemann-Stoedtner : Johann Baptist Scholl the Younger, a Hessian sculptor, draftsman and painter of the late Romantic period . Eduard Roether Verlag, Darmstadt 1965
- Ilona Hartmann: Gutenberg sculptures from Mainz, part 1 . In: Der Mainzer , Stadtillustrierte, online edition (on Joseph Scholl)
Web links
- Family tree on the website of the sculptor and painter Ulla M. Scholl, great-great-granddaughter of Johann Baptist Scholl the Elder. J.
- Art foundry Lenz: Homepage of the Nuremberg art foundry, in which, among other things, the Mainz Schiller monument was created. See there under castings and history.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ottilie Thiemann-Stoedtner : Johann Baptist Scholl the Younger, a Hessian sculptor, draftsman and painter of the late romantic period . Eduard Roether Verlag, Darmstadt 1965, pp. 80/81
- ↑ illustrated in Thiemann-Stoedtner, p. 87
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Scholl, Johann Baptist |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Scholl, Johann Baptist the Younger |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor, draftsman and painter |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 24, 1818 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Mainz |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 26, 1881 |
| Place of death | Limburg on the Lahn |