Johann Friedrich Haug (instrument maker)

Silhouette by Johann Friedrich Haug after a paper cut from the 18th century

Johann Friedrich Haug (born November 6, 1730 in Kandern , Landgraviate Sausenberg ; † February 2, 1793 in Stuttgart, Duchy of Württemberg ) was a musical instrument maker of keyboard instruments and teacher of mathematics , teacher of arithmetic , geometry and mechanics at the Karlsschule at Schloss Solitude and later at the Hohen Karlsschule in Stuttgart.

Family origin

Training as a locksmith and watchmaker

Johann Friedrich Haug is the son of the schoolmaster from Tegernau Jakob Haug, also called the dyer (1697–1751), and his wife Katharina Barbara geb. Bickel (1706-1754). Johann Friedrich Haug learned the metalworking and watchmaking trade in Lörrach from 1745 to 1748 .

Wandering and journeyman years

At the age of 20, Haug went on a journey as a journeyman . In 1750 he reached Ludwigsburg . The economic situation in Ludwigsburg was difficult in those years. After Duke Eberhard Ludwig's death in 1733, the former royal seat had lost its luster and economic importance because his successor Karl Alexander von Württemberg moved the ducal residence back to Stuttgart after he took office. As a result, the population of Ludwigsburg fell from six thousand to two thousand. It was not until the reign of Karl Eugen von Württemberg that Ludwigsburg achieved a new economic boom.

Johann Friedrich Haug acquired citizenship in Ludwigsburg

Despite the sometimes adverse circumstances, Johann Friedrich Haug settled in Ludwigsburg and acquired the city's citizenship . From 1756 onwards, Haug moved into an apartment at Oberen Reithausstrasse 8 in Ludwigsburg . Haug received the master's license in Ludwigsburg around 1758 . Shortly after Duke Carl Eugen von Württemberg had taken up his residence there again, Johann Friedrich Haug was appointed "court instrument maker".

Haug family

Karl Viktor von Riecke , Carl Friedrich Haug's son-in-law , wrote the genealogy of the Haug family and published it in the Altwirtembergisches from family papers to the best of the Luther Foundation . The copy from the holdings of Princeton University , the Library of Princeton University , was digitized by Google as a facsimile in Fraktura and is available here as a complete full-length edition.

Quotation from Altwirtemberg from family papers for the benefit of the Luther Foundation

From 1772 to 1778 Johann Friedrich Haug (er) was then, according to Wagner's history of the Hohen Karlsschule , I p. 603 and p. 610, teacher of mathematics, teacher of arithmetic and geometry at this institution, which he, as long as the Karlsschule was housed on the Solitude was, could get from Ludwigsburg. Repeatedly, however, after the news about his children's birthdays and confirmations, he seems to have already been in Stuttgart during those years until he moved there permanently in 1778 or 1779. In the year 1790, his reputation was already so firmly established that Balthasar Haug could name him in the learned Wirtemberg as a "court instrument maker" and strong mechanic, alongside the "great" mechanic Pastor Hahn from Echterdingen (1739–1790) (aa DS 307 -308).

Haug must have been a very capable man

This Johann Friedrich Haug - senior, as he is called in the learned Wirtemberg in contrast to Haug the son - must have been a very capable man. From his father in Tergernau he already brought a certain educational system with him. In his own case, at least as far as our knowledge was concerned, first expressed a great mechanical talent and a sense of mathematics. He also made musical instruments and built pianos himself.

The name Kummerell, later Commerell

The name Kummerell, more rarely Kommerell, later only Commerell, has, as noted in the postponed papers of C. Fr. Haug , which are now becoming more complete , something strange, almost un-German. It echoes the name of a council family from Ulm , the Copprelli or Coprellini, which appeared there from 1254 to 1333. The oldest verifiable progenitor, also for the Tübingen Kommerell, is Fabian Kommerell , also Kummerer, Commerer, who was born on August 16, 1504, but this cannot have been the same Commerell who, according to a legend, is the most important in the history of the city Tübingen mentions that during the procession of the Tübingen against the "poor Conrad" in 1514 they should have carried the banner.

Teacher at the Charles School

From 1772 to 1776 Haug was a teacher of mathematics, teacher of arithmetic, geometry and mechanics at the Karlsschule founded in 1770 on the Solitude, which he witnessed in 1781 when it was expanded to become a university and renamed the Hohe Karlsschule . In the last years of his life, when he was retired, Haug lived in Stuttgart for rent in the house of “Foreman Holderer” on the so-called “Bollwerk”, where he died on February 2, 1793 at the age of 63.

Mention of the namesake Haug in the "Scholars Wirtemberg"

The unrelated, versatile namesake Balthasar Haug , professor at the Hohen Karlsschule in Stuttgart, publisher of the "Schwäbisches Magazin" and the "Gelehrten Wirtemberg", born in 1731 in Stammheim near Calw, noted in the "Gelehrten Wirtemberg" from 1790: Johann Friedrich Haug made musical instruments and was known for the production of his very good fortepianos , grand pianos and the pantaleon , built and named after an innovation, a special mechanism, developed by Pantaleon Hebenstreit - dance teacher , composer and musician .

Pantaleon Hebenstreit has thus made a significant contribution to the development of the fortepiano . Balthasar Haug noted his namesake Haug in the "Scholars Wirtemberg" from 1790 as "court instrument maker" and dubbed Haug ibidem as the "strong mechanic".

• See also Artful keyboard , museum collections from the 16th to 18th century

Marriages, children and offspring

Johann Friedrich Haug was married twice. On April 20, 1758, his first marriage was to Christine Dorothea Herdle (1736–1766), the daughter of the Ludwigsburg court musician Johann Jakob Ferdinand Herdle.

From this marriage there were three daughters:

• Elise Friederike Haug (born January 22, 1760), married a " surveyor "
• Henriette Hedwig Haug (born October 1, 1762), married the concertmaster Christian Ludwig Abeille , member of the court music of Friedrich I. King of Württemberg
• Luise Regina Haug (born May 24, 1764) remained single

Haug's first wife Christine Dorothea Herdle died on May 25, 1766 at the age of 29, presumably in childbed.

Haug decided to enter into a second marriage. On August 29, 1768, he married the 34-year-old Charlotte Katharina Sidonie Commerell (1732–1816), daughter of the ducal chamber musician Johann Friedrich Christian Commerell (1680–1778) and Marie Elisabeth Kärcher (1695–1773) in Stuttgart .

There were five children from this marriage:

• Gottlob Friedrich Haug (born October 5, 1769) was a surveyor , cartographer , mathematician , physicist and watchmaker
• Theodor Christoph Haug (born February 12, 1771), followed his father's professional path and became an instrument maker and piano maker in Stuttgart.

Nothing further is known of the following three children:

• Charlotte Friederike Karoline Haug (born August 27, 1772), died in childhood
• Karl Friedrich Gottlob Haug (born February 6, 1774), died in childhood
• Karl Ferdinand Haug (born June 11, 1775), confirmed 1789

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Städtisches Museum Ludwigsburg: Booklet for the exhibition “On the way from A to B”, May 1 to August 15, 2004 with the year 1775
2. ↑ Altwirtembergisches from family papers to the best of the Lutherstift from the inventory of the: Library of Princeton University , digitized by Google in facsimile , full length. [1]
3. ^ "Swabian Chronicle" of December 12, 1792
4. ↑ Balthasar Haug: The learned Wirtemberg . Stuttgart 1790, p. 308.
5. ↑ Influence of the pantaloons on keyboard construction .
6. ^ Karl Victor Riecke : Altwirtembergisches from family papers for the best of the Luther Foundation . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1886, pp. 9-10; The Haug-Kommerell families
7. ^ Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger: Stuttgart and Ludwigsburg with their surroundings , 1817, p. 90, mentioned here as an "excellent piano maker".

literature

• Ernst Ludwig Gerber: New historical-biographical lexicon of the Tonkünstler . Vol 2. Leipzig. 1812, p 521 ( "Haug (Friedrich) Hofinstrumentenmacher to Stuttgard killed J. 1791 verfertigte very good pantaloons for 12 Karolin, also fortepiano's and wings for 80 to 100 fl, s. Mus. Time." [ 2] ).
• Karl Victor Riecke : Altwirtembergisches from family papers for the benefit of the Luther Foundation . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1886, pp. 9-10 - The Haug-Kommerell families