Johann Georg Fischer (master builder)

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Johann Georg Fischer (born January 21, 1673 in Oberdorf im Allgäu ; † April 24, 1747 in Füssen ) was both a stonemason and a master builder . For a long time he stood in the shadow of his famous uncle Johann Jakob Herkomer (1652–1717), as whose palier he initially worked. With Herkomer's moderate, at the same time universally applicable canon of forms , he acquired the opportunity to achieve the greatest possible effect with little effort. The practicability of the system finally made it widespread in Swabia and Tyrol through the so-called Füssen School. Fischer's son Franz Karl followed in his father's footsteps, as did his palier Franz Xaver Kleinhans.

Choir altar in St. Mang in Füssen

Marktoberdorf commemorates the town's son with Georg-Fischer-Straße and the Johann-Georg-Fischer Art Prize. There is a Johann-Georg-Fischer-Weg in Kißlegg .

Life

Johann Georg Fischer was the son of the master baker Georg Fischer and his wife Regina, the older sister (* 1639) of the painter and architect Johann Jakob Herkomer . Johann Georg lost his father as early as 1679. When his uncle returned from Italy in 1685, he practically adopted the nephew and took care of the boy's professional training according to his own intention. An apprenticeship as a stonemason with Johann Seidenmann in Rieden am Forggensee (probably from around 1686 to 1690) was followed by a shortened second apprenticeship from 1693 to 1695 with Augustin Stickel from Weibletshofen, the famous master mason of the Upper Village, known as Hillenthaler .

Interior of the church in Wolfegg

From 1701 Fischer worked as a stonemason and paler for his uncle Johann Jakob Herkomer on the new building of the St. Mang monastery in Füssen. At the end of 1706 he bought a house in Füssen Reichenstrasse, and in 1707 he married the Füssen baker's daughter Euphrosinia Stadler. In 1710 he was elected supervisor of the Füssen masonry trade, and from 1741 the Dillingen court chamber created the office of master landscape architect for him.

Only after Herkomer's death in 1717 was Fischer able to come up with his own architectural ideas and work. In Innsbruck he had to take over the existing foundations for the new St. Jakob building, but made decisive changes to the plans. Its construction was trend-setting for the Tyrolean baroque architecture. After the death of his first wife, Fischer entered into a second marriage with Maria Viktoria Berchtold from Schongau in 1744 at the age of 71 . Increasingly plagued by gout, he died on April 26, 1747.

plant

Epitaph for Bishop Johann Christoph von Freyberg

Stonemason

Fischer's training as a stonemason and his extensive and sometimes excellent stonemasonry work have so far never been presented in context in the literature and, overall, only inadequately. The builder also worked as a stonemason until the end of his life. However, he usually had to implement other people's designs.

Palier

As his uncle's palier, Johann Georg Fischer was in charge of almost all of Herkomer's construction projects, in particular the construction work for the St. Mang monastery in Füssen from 1701 onwards. In Innsbruck, too, he was initially intended as a palier for St. Jakob, before he came into play as a master builder with his own plans.

builder

The field church in Füssen with thermal bath window

Only after Herkomer's death, ie from 1717, did Fischer become comprehensible with his own architectural work. In contrast to his uncle, he had learned the basics of bricklaying from a solid local master. He was able to acquire further knowledge during two stays in Italy with his uncle - from the summer of 1695 to the end of 1697 and again in 1698. Above all, however, he benefited from the almost 17 years of intensive collaboration with Herkomer. As a master builder in the period between the powerful innovators (such as Herkomer) and the creative accomplices (such as Dominikus Zimmermann), Fischer was previously denied greater fame. The fact that his first independent building also became his most important is almost unique.

Catalog raisonné

Stone carvings

(archival evidence)

Johann Georg Fischer played a key role in the stonemasonry work listed below:

Facade of the cathedral in Innsbruck

Main architectural works

Church in Bertoldshofen

The buildings are sorted according to the year they started

Most of the listed works have been archived. Only a small part are attributions. In addition, Johann Georg Fischer planned and created numerous chapels, parsonages and smaller secular buildings.

literature

  • Adolf Layer : Füssen-St. Mang as the artistic center of the Lechtal Baroque and Rococo , in: Festschrift for the twelve hundredth anniversary of St. Magnus, Füssen 1950, pp. 47–89
  • Martin Dömling: Johann Georg Fischer 1673–1747 , in: Oberdorfer Heimatbuch, Marktoberdorf 1952, pp. 374–381
  • Hildebrand Dussler: The Allgäu baroque master builder Johann Jakob Herkomer, life and work (Allgäuer Heimatbücher vol. 52), Kempten 1956
  • Heinz Jürgen Sauermost: The Allgäu baroque master builder Johann Georg Fischer . Edited by the Swabian Research Association . (= Row 1: Studies on the History of Bavarian Swabia; 14). Augsburg 1969 (also dissertation, Munich 1966)
  • Ingo Seufert: Notes on Johann Georg Fischer's early work , in: Alt Füssen. Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen" 1997 ISSN  0939-2467 , pp. 79–84
  • Entry on Johann Georg Fischer , in General Artist Lexicon , Vol. 40, Munich and Leipzig 2004, p. 363
  • Herbert Wittmann: Johann Georg Fischer (1673-1747) - "In the shadow of Herkomer" , in: Alt Füssen. Yearbook of the historical association "Alt Füssen" 2010 ISSN  0939-2467 , pp. 34–69
  • Friedrich Zoepfl :  Fischer, Johann Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 191 ( digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Fischer (master builder)  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Seufert, Ingo: Johann Jakob Herkomer (1652-1717), Lindenberg 2009, p. 103. See also Sauermost (1969), p. 3 and p. 142. In the birth letter of December 28, 1706 it says: “Johann Georg Vischer , Steinmetz von Oberdorf. “Dertsch, Richard: Abwanderungen aus der Pflege Oberdorf 1576–1802 (Allgäuer Heimatbücher, 31st volume), Kempten 1940, p. 45
  2. ^ New, Wilhelm: Contributions to the work of the Füssen master builder Johann Georg Fischer, in: Das Münster, 18. Jahr, Issue 9/10, September - October 1965, p. 345
  3. ↑ Stadtarchiv Füssen, Abbey Archives St. Mang, Abteirechnungen, Vol. 352, p. 26 (year 1701): Hans Georg, Pallier hewn stone for short days and worked 34½ days for 28 kr. ... then 77 long days at 40 kr. Likewise on p. 31: Martius Täg Hanß Georg Vischer… Mr Johann Jacob Herkhomers Pallier is the 10th Marti anhero komen and on the 11th he started with the preparation of the stains to the columns. Promise him 28 kr of the day. The Kosst sambots in the cake with the servant. Every day 2 mass beer and 2 bread, may consume them as you like. And on days I don't give him anything else, I gave him and his people a drink of beer and bread for dinner and Brantt wine in the morning, but only because of the sharp air, I have already told him that after Easter there will be neither him nor anything extra give anything, even until the stain is worked out, not give more wages than 28 kr. of the day, is happy with both.
  4. ↑ Sauermost (1969), p 54
  5. ↑ Stadtarchiv Füssen, Abbey Archives St. Mang, Abteirechnungen, Vol. 357, p. 20: (5th / 6th January 1720): Pay for back and front Khoraltarfues sambt those double appearances to the Hans Georgen Fischer a Conto of 388  fl. 43 kr. Further corresponding entries will follow. A total of almost 600 guilders were paid for the altar to fishermen alone, a huge sum! See also Layer (1950), pp. 61 and 62
  6. ^ Layer (1950), p. 66
  7. ↑ On November 9, 1713, Abbot Gerhard Oberleitner from Füssen wrote to Abbot Rupert II. Ness von Ottobeuren , after he had ordered eight smaller and thirteen larger cornice stones made from Füssen marble in a previous letter. He promised the careful production of these cornice stones, "and that if possible before and before my stonemasons begin the precious and laborious epitaph, which a venerable cathedral chapter in Augsburg under the direction of Herkomers has made for the last deceased bishop in Augsburg ..." (Rosamaria Brandl, Anton Sturm ( 1690-1757) , dissertation Munich 1957, typescript)
personal data
SURNAME Fischer, Johann Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German builder of the baroque
DATE OF BIRTH January 21, 1673
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberdorf in the Allgäu
DATE OF DEATH April 24, 1747
Place of death Feet