Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen
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Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen (born August 12, 1575 in Oberlauda ; † December 29, 1622 at the Regensburg Princes' Congress ) was prince-bishop and ruled the monasteries of Würzburg (from 1617) and Bamberg (from 1609) in personal union .
Johann Gottfried in the family context
Johann Gottfried (I.) von Aschhausen came from the Franconian "knight-blooded family" of the von Aschhausen family . The eponymous place Aschhausen with the castle Aschhausen is today part of the community Schöntal in Hohenlohekreis in Baden-Württemberg . His father, Gottfried von Aschhausen († 1581) was the Würzburg bailiff, his mother Brigitta († 1581) was born from Giebelstadt . His mother's brother, uncle and also the godfather of Johann Gottfried I, was the canon and bishop of Würzburg Johann Georg I von Zobel, later bishop of Bamberg 1577–1580). In 1657 the male line of the von Aschhausen family ended.
Non-contemporary portraits by Johann Salver
Biographical data
He attended the papal seminary in Fulda from June 8, 1586 to July 19, 1587 , matriculated at the Würzburg Artistic Faculty on July 31, 1590 and obtained his master's degree in 1593 . In the same year he began lectures on jurisprudence at the Jesuit -Universität Pont-à-Mousson to visit, but had to immediately flee the plague and also acquired in 1593 by the resignation of an older brother, a canon livings in Bamberg, 1596 in Würzburg. In 1604 he received the deanery of the Comburg knight's monastery .
From 1609 he was Prince-Bishop of Bamberg. As a bishop he tried to push back Protestantism . Supported by Pope Paul V , whom he had met on the occasion of his episcopal ordination in Rome, he called the Jesuits to the Bamberg Monastery and assigned them important educational tasks. On September 6th, with the "religious mandate", he even instructed all parish administrators to ensure that all people who "strayed" from Protestantism returned to the true faith within a month. Those who refused should be reported to the bishop and punished. He had Lutheran preachers "removed" and Catholic priests installed in their parishes, which led to resistance that he violently put down.
Under his rule, the Bamberg Monastery joined the Catholic League , which was headed by Maximilian I of Bavaria . This alliance also proved beneficial in the Thirty Years' War . From 1617 Aschhausen was also Prince-Bishop of the Würzburg Monastery . Bamberg and Würzburg provided considerable contingents of foot troops and riders in the period from 1620 to 1622. These were led by Colonel Bauer von Eiseneck. Even when Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld threatened to invade the dioceses, Johann Gottfried I did not change his policy.
The University Library of Würzburg was founded in 1619 under Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen .
He was the founder of a Ehehaltenhaus (old people's home for servants) in Bamberg. For this foundation he had the house Oberer Stephansberg 1 built in Bamberg ( house with the golden coat of arms ). He was buried in Bamberg Cathedral .
Witch hunts
Under his government, the witch persecutions took on great proportions (see Hochstift Bamberg # The witch persecutions and witch trials in Würzburg ). In March 1610 he issued a mandate to prosecute "fortune-telling, sorcery and unnatural art" and in October 1612 consecrated the vicar general and auxiliary bishop Friedrich Förner , an influential advocate of Counter-Reformation and witch hunts and " demonologist ", as titular bishop of Hebron .
The persecution of witches was continued and intensified under his Bamberg successor Johann Georg II. Fuchs von Dornheim .
literature
- Ronny Baier: Aschhausen, Johann Gottfried Freiherr von. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 24, Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9 , Sp. 119-135.
- Theodor Henner: Johann Gottfried I. von Aschhausen . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, pp. 451-453.
- Ralph Kloos, Thomas Göltl: The witch burners of Franconia. The story of a hushed up mass murder. Sutton, Erfurt 2012, ISBN 978-3-95400-109-5 .
- Alfred Wendehorst : Johann Gottfried v. Aschhausen. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 467 f. ( Digitized version ).
- A trip to Rome [by Bishop Johann Gottfried] 300 years ago [1612]. In: Heimgarten. Vol. 16, No. 38, 1935, ZDB -ID 1352006-4 , p. 147.
- Winfried Romberg (arr.): The Würzburg bishops from 1617 to 1684 (= Germania Sacra . Third part 4: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The diocese of Würzburg. Part 7). De Gruyter, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-025183-8 ( digitized version ).
Web links
- Bishop's anniversary 2007 - 1000 years of the Bamberg diocese - bishops. Portrait of Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen. (No longer available online.) In: eo-bamberg.de. Archbishop's Office Bamberg , archived from the original on March 5, 2016 .
- 1609-1622. Gottfried von Aschhausen. Prince-Bishop of Bamberg. (No longer available online.) In: klosterbraeu.de. Klosterbräu Bamberg , archived from the original on February 9, 2007 (portrait).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 608–610.
- ↑ Dieter J. Weiss: The series of bishops from 1522 to 1693 . The exemte diocese of Bamberg. In: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz . tape 3 , ISBN 978-3-11-081133-9 .
- ^ Winfried Romberg, Walter de Gruyter: The Würzburg bishops from 1617 to 1684. The diocese of Würzburg. In: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz . tape 7 , ISBN 978-3-11-025212-5 .
- ^ Gottfried Mälzer: Würzburg as a city of books. In: Karl H. Pressler (Ed.): From the Antiquariat. Volume 8, 1990 (= Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel - Frankfurter Ausgabe. No. 70, August 31, 1990), pp. A 317 - A 329, here: p. A 320.
- ↑ Patrizius Wittmann: The Bamberg witch justice (1595 - 1631) represented from documents and files . Mainz 1883, p. 180 ( bib-bvb.de ).
predecessor | Office | successor |
---|---|---|
Johann Philipp von Gebsattel |
Prince-Bishop of Bamberg 1609–1622 |
Johann Georg II. Fuchs of Dornheim |
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn |
Prince-Bishop of Würzburg 1617–1622 |
Philipp Adolf von Ehrenberg |
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Aschhausen, Johann Gottfried von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Aschhausen, Johann Gottfried I. von |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince-Bishop of Bamberg and Würzburg, witch hunter |
DATE OF BIRTH | August 12, 1575 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Oberlauda , today's Baden |
DATE OF DEATH | December 29, 1622 |
Place of death | regensburg |