Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen, contemporary engraving, 1620
Grave slab of the Prince-Bishop in the Würzburg Cathedral, created around 1622 by the sculptor Michael Kern
Coat of arms of the von Aschhausen family

Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen (born August 12, 1575 in Oberlauda ; † December 29, 1622 at the Regensburg Princes' Congress ) was prince-bishop and ruled the monasteries of Würzburg (from 1617) and Bamberg (from 1609) in personal union .

Johann Gottfried in the family context

Johann Gottfried (I.) von Aschhausen came from the Franconian "knight-blooded family" of the von Aschhausen family . The eponymous place Aschhausen with the castle Aschhausen is today part of the community Schöntal in Hohenlohekreis in Baden-Württemberg . His father, Gottfried von Aschhausen († 1581) was the Würzburg bailiff, his mother Brigitta († 1581) was born from Giebelstadt . His mother's brother, uncle and also the godfather of Johann Gottfried I, was the canon and bishop of Würzburg Johann Georg I von Zobel, later bishop of Bamberg 1577–1580). In 1657 the male line of the von Aschhausen family ended.

Biographical data

He attended the papal seminary in Fulda from June 8, 1586 to July 19, 1587 , matriculated at the Würzburg Artistic Faculty on July 31, 1590 and obtained his master's degree in 1593 . In the same year he began lectures on jurisprudence at the Jesuit -Universität Pont-à-Mousson to visit, but had to immediately flee the plague and also acquired in 1593 by the resignation of an older brother, a canon livings in Bamberg, 1596 in Würzburg. In 1604 he received the deanery of the Comburg knight's monastery .

From 1609 he was Prince-Bishop of Bamberg. As a bishop he tried to push back Protestantism . Supported by Pope Paul V , whom he had met on the occasion of his episcopal ordination in Rome, he called the Jesuits to the Bamberg Monastery and assigned them important educational tasks. On September 6th, with the "religious mandate", he even instructed all parish administrators to ensure that all people who "strayed" from Protestantism returned to the true faith within a month. Those who refused should be reported to the bishop and punished. He had Lutheran preachers "removed" and Catholic priests installed in their parishes, which led to resistance that he violently put down.

Under his rule, the Bamberg Monastery joined the Catholic League , which was headed by Maximilian I of Bavaria . This alliance also proved beneficial in the Thirty Years' War . From 1617 Aschhausen was also Prince-Bishop of the Würzburg Monastery . Bamberg and Würzburg provided considerable contingents of foot troops and riders in the period from 1620 to 1622. These were led by Colonel Bauer von Eiseneck. Even when Peter Ernst II von Mansfeld threatened to invade the dioceses, Johann Gottfried I did not change his policy.

The University Library of Würzburg was founded in 1619 under Johann Gottfried von Aschhausen .

He was the founder of a Ehehaltenhaus (old people's home for servants) in Bamberg. For this foundation he had the house Oberer Stephansberg 1 built in Bamberg ( house with the golden coat of arms ). He was buried in Bamberg Cathedral .

Witch hunts

Under his government, the witch persecutions took on great proportions (see Hochstift Bamberg # The witch persecutions and witch trials in Würzburg ). In March 1610 he issued a mandate to prosecute "fortune-telling, sorcery and unnatural art" and in October 1612 consecrated the vicar general and auxiliary bishop Friedrich Förner , an influential advocate of Counter-Reformation and witch hunts and " demonologist ", as titular bishop of Hebron .

The persecution of witches was continued and intensified under his Bamberg successor Johann Georg II. Fuchs von Dornheim .

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Gottfried I. von Aschhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Stefan Kummer : Architecture and fine arts from the beginnings of the Renaissance to the end of the Baroque. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes; Volume 2: From the Peasants' War in 1525 to the transition to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1814. Theiss, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8062-1477-8 , pp. 576–678 and 942–952, here: pp. 608–610.
  2. ↑ Dieter J. Weiss: The series of bishops from 1522 to 1693 . The exemte diocese of Bamberg. In: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz . tape 3 , ISBN 978-3-11-081133-9 .
  3. ^ Winfried Romberg, Walter de Gruyter: The Würzburg bishops from 1617 to 1684. The diocese of Würzburg. In: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz . tape 7 , ISBN 978-3-11-025212-5 .
  4. ^ Gottfried Mälzer: Würzburg as a city of books. In: Karl H. Pressler (Ed.): From the Antiquariat. Volume 8, 1990 (= Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel - Frankfurter Ausgabe. No. 70, August 31, 1990), pp. A 317 - A 329, here: p. A 320.
  5. ↑ Patrizius Wittmann: The Bamberg witch justice (1595 - 1631) represented from documents and files . Mainz 1883, p. 180 ( bib-bvb.de ).
predecessor Office successor
Johann Philipp von Gebsattel Prince-Bishop of Bamberg
1609–1622 		Johann Georg II. Fuchs of Dornheim
Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
1617–1622 		Philipp Adolf von Ehrenberg
personal data
SURNAME Aschhausen, Johann Gottfried von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aschhausen, Johann Gottfried I. von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince-Bishop of Bamberg and Würzburg, witch hunter
DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1575
PLACE OF BIRTH Oberlauda , today's Baden
DATE OF DEATH December 29, 1622
Place of death regensburg