Johann Joseph Meisburger

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Johann Joseph Meisburger , also written Meißburger or Meusburger (* December 27, 1745 in Egg in Vorarlberg , † April 1, 1813 in Freiburg im Breisgau ), was a south-west German builder and plasterer of early classicism , one of the most capable masters of plastering of his time.

Identity and life

According to older information, Johann Joseph Meisburger was born on July 5, 1745 in Bezau , like Egg in Vorarlberg. Research by the great-great-grandson Hubert Meissburger (* 1916 in Freiburg im Breisgau) has proven this to be wrong. Instead, another Joseph Meisburger came from Bezau, who died on March 17, 1832 in Freiburg. Decisive for the correction was a marriage entry in the marriage register of the Münster parish Freiburg: "The April 26, 1777 sponsalia habuere honorabilis iuvenis Joannes Josephus Meusburger ex Egg Sylva Brigandina filius legitimus Josephi et pudentiae virginis Elisabetha filia legitima spectabilis Bartholomaei Horber took place on April 26, 1777" the marriage instead of the honorable young man Joannes Josephus Meusburger from Egg in the Bregenzerwald , legitimate son of Joseph, and the virtuous virgin Elisabetha, legitimate daughter of the honorable Bartholomäus Horber. "

Johann Joseph Meisburger came from Egg, not from Bezau, which was confirmed by the baptismal register of the Egg parish. The parents were Joseph Meisburger and Catharina born. Löffin. In Freiburg, Meisburger probably first worked in the workshop of the dominant plasterer Franz Anton Vogel . On April 24, 1777 he bought himself into the Freiburg citizenship and the building guild "zum Mond". Two days later, as documented by the quoted entry, he married Elisabeth Horber. When Franz Anton Vogel died just a few weeks later, Meisburger was able to pursue his trade as his successor without competition. The fact that he also worked as a builder, however, earned him a dispute with the master masons. The Meisburger couple had eight children. The third, Johann Michael (1782–1854), was custodian of the Freiburg Minster , the fourth, Joseph Anton (1785–1858), engraver . The youngest child, Dominik Balthasar (1793–1871), a soap boiler , became the great-grandfather of the researcher of this genealogy, Hubert Meissburger.

The Johann Joseph Meisburgers family lived in the house "Zum heiligen Licht" on the north side of Münsterplatz. Meisburger inherited it from his father-in-law Bartholomäus Horber, who probably also helped him with the quick naturalization. The house owes its name to the "baker's light", a lamp for the dead in the former cemetery north of the minster. The baker's light was dismantled in 1785 and the house "Zum heiligen Licht" was destroyed in the Second World War.

Johann Joseph, his wife and the children mentioned were buried like many other family members in the old cemetery in Freiburg. On Johann Joseph's simple sandstone grave cross it says:

HERE RESTS
JOSEPH MEISBURGER
STOCKODOR AND MASON
MASTER
DRILLED MDCCXLIV
DIED MCCMXIII
OLD LXIX YEAR

With the year of birth 1744, the inscription creates an uncertainty that Hubert Meissburger does not discuss.

Works

The teacher and art historian Hermann Brommer was particularly concerned with Meisburger's work . The information in Norbert Lieb's book Die Vorarlberger Barockbaumeister comes from him , and he added this information later. Many works are attributions , based, among other things, on the unrivaled Meisburgers im Breisgau of his time (see above). While Meisburger was active as a master builder - at the time that meant an architect and building contractor - his work as a stucco worker is more important after Brommer, for which he agrees with the judgment by Joseph Sauer quoted in the introduction .

Design for a house on Freiburg's Kaiserstraße

Activity as a builder

Work as a plasterer

  • 1775 According to Brommer, the stucco in the parish church of St. Peter in Endingen am Kaiserstuhl is definitely a work of the Vogel-Meisburger workshop. “Musical instruments, palm fronds, Cäcilia and King David medallions in the organ loft, the apocalypse motifs on the choir arch and the symbols of the Old and New Testament high priesthood in the high altar area are so typical and often match the details of Meisburger's stucco in the parish churches of Ettenheim and Haslach in the Kinzig valley that not the slightest doubt about the (co-) authorship of <Meisburgers> is allowed. He had already said goodbye to the lively vivacity of the Rococo in 1775. “The angel sculptures on the high altar in Endingen were made by the late baroque-classicist Freiburg sculptor Joseph Hörr , with whom Meisburger later worked.
St. Pankratius Holzhausen, north wall of the ship
  • 1777 Stucco in the choir of the parish church of St. Bartholomäus in Ettenheim. The local chronicler Joann Conrad Machleid (1708–1794) reports: “The Stuckador is a burger from Freiburg, otherwise a Tyrolean by birth. The stockador work is illuminated as pearl color, the flat and smooth ones are white. ”Brommer points out the somewhat stiff, uniformly continuous profile frame of the main picture, the picture cartouches in the pilaster-supported vaults and the framing of the windows and stitch caps with clouds and angel heads. "Solemn dignity and delicate grace go hand in hand with the mood of early classicism, with which the baroque period ended."
  • 1777 Stucco decoration of the main portal and baptistery of the Benedictine Abbey Ettenheim Munster
  • Unspecified ceiling stucco in the choir of the Maria Sand pilgrimage chapel in Herbolzheim
  • 1777/81 Profile strips of the ceiling as well as decorations on the parapet of the organ loft and above the windows, in the choir with religious symbols, in the parish church of St. Pankratius in Holzhausen, another district of March im Breisgau
  • 1781/83 stucco in Neuershausen Castle
  • 1781 two stucco marble altars for the Freiburg Charterhouse , which after its dissolution in 1784 came to the parish church of St. Arbogast in Haslach in the Kinzig valley, but were removed when it was redesigned from 1906 to 1907.
  • 1782/83 In the nave of St. Arbogast in Haslach in the Kinzig valley, Meisburger provided "with his excellent stucco work for the early classicistic ceiling, parapet and wall decorations that gave the interior of the church its characteristic note". In the main field of the nave ceiling, the cross, anchor and chalice symbolize the theological virtues of faith, hope and love. The three angel heads were again created by Joseph Hörr.
  • 1784 Stucco in the residence of the Prince Abbey of St. Gallen in Ehaben im Breisgau, which is now the town hall
  • 1784/85 stucco on the high altar of the parish church of St. Gallus and Otmar in Ebringen . It is “a typical child of the cool and strict classicism that came from France. Avoiding all frills, it is built in strict horizontal and vertical lines, with the windows in the sloping sides of the choir walls being included ”. In the middle of the altar is a gilded relief of the Adoration of the Shepherds by Joseph Hörr.
Heiligkreuz Stühlingen, view of the choir
Heiligkreuz Stühlingen, view of the organ gallery

literature

  • Hermann Brommer : Builders and artists at the Ettenheimer church building of the 19th century. In: Dieter Weis (ed.): St. Bartholomäus Ettenheim. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich / Zurich 1982, ISBN 3-7954-0906-3 , pp. 38–79.
  • Friedrich Hefele : Vorarlberg and Allgäu builders from Freiburg in the 18th century. In: Alemannia Heft 4, 1930, pp. 109–148.
  • Hubert Meissburger: Origin and family of the Freiburg Baroque master builder and stucco builder Johann Joseph Meisburger (Meißburger). In: Schau-ins-Land 102, 1983, pp. 155-184.
  • Norbert Lieb : The Vorarlberg baroque master builders. 3. Edition. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich 1976.
  • Joseph Sauer : Church art in the first half of the 19th century in Baden. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive 61, 1933, p. 662 ( digitized version ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sauer 1933, p. 662.
  2. ↑ For example in Sauer 1933, p. 662 and Lieb 1976, p. 101.
  3. ^ Hubert Meissburger: Origin and family of the Freiburg baroque master builder and stucco builder Johann Joseph Meisburger (Meißburger). In: Schau-ins-Land 102, 1983, pp. 155-184.
  4. ↑ Meissburger 1983, p. 167.
  5. ↑ Meissburger 1983, p. 167.
  6. ↑ Hefele 1930, p. 135.
  7. ↑ Meissburger 1983.
  8. ↑ Hermann Flamm : Historical description of the place of the city of Freiburg i. Br. 2nd volume. Number of houses 1400–1806. Wagnersche Universitäts-Buchhandlung 1903, p. 186.
  9. ↑ Bäckerlicht am Münster shines in new splendor. In: Deutsche Handwerks Zeitung from September 2, 2014. Accessed January 4, 2015.
  10. ↑ Meissburger 1983, p. 155. The reading agrees with a copy from 1904 by Berthold Stöhr in his work Die Toten des Alten Friedhofs in Freiburg im Breisgau, which is kept in the Freiburg City Archives . City archives No. 86 (collective manuscript), 1904. According to Stöhr, the grave is in grave field I, the south-western grave field, 4th row. In Ingrid Kühlbacher: You lived in Freiburg. 3. Edition. Schillinger Verlag, Freiburg 1997, ISBN 978-3-89155-057-1 , the grave is listed as No. 406, but is missing in the site plan.
  11. ↑ Lieb 1976, p. 101 (master builder) and 130 (plasterer).
  12. ↑ Meissburger 1983, p. 160.
  13. ↑ Meissburger 1983, p. 156.
  14. ↑ Hans-Otto Mühleisen : Oberbergen . In: Hermann Brommer, Bernd Mathias Kremer , Hans-Otto Mühleisen: Art at the Kaiserstuhl . 2nd edition, Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2008, ISBN 978-3-89870-284-3 , pp. 59–62.
  15. ^ Hermann Brommer: Builder and artist of the Peterskirche. Website of the pastoral care unit Nördlicher Kaiserstuhl. Retrieved January 5, 2015.
  16. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (arrangement): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler ( Dehio-Handbuch ) Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 184.
  17. ^ "Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew " by Johann Pfunner
  18. ↑ Brommer 1982, pp. 50-51.
  19. ↑ Meissburger 1983, p. 156.
  20. ^ A b Hermann Brommer: Parish Church of St. Arbogast Haslach in the Kinzigtal. Schnell and Steiner publishing house, Munich and Zurich 1978; Dagmar Zimdars (arrangement): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler (Dehio-Handbuch) Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 278.
  21. ^ A b Manfred Hermann : Ehaben / Breisgau. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Munich and Zurich 1987.
  22. ↑ Dagmar Zimdars (arrangement): Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler (Dehio-Handbuch) Baden-Württemberg II . Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 152.
  23. ↑ Brommer 1982, p. 52.
personal data
SURNAME Meisburger, Johann Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Meusburger, Johann Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German builder and plasterer of classicism
DATE OF BIRTH December 27, 1745
PLACE OF BIRTH Egg (Vorarlberg)
DATE OF DEATH April 1, 1813
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau