Johann Wilhelm Mannhardt (theologian)

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Johann Wilhelm Mannhardt

Johann Wilhelm Mannhardt (born February 14, 1760 in Kleinheppach , Duchy of Württemberg ; † November 20, 1831 in Hanerau , Mittelholstein ) was a German theologian and hymn poet. He founded the place Hanerau.

Life

Mannhardt was the 6th and youngest child of Johannes Mannhardt and his wife Anna Dorothea geb. Burkhardtsmeier . The father was a village school teacher and gave the first lessons. His mother and the two sisters Wilhelmine and Johanna shaped him religiously. The pastors of the neighboring villages of Großheppach and Korb (Württemberg) discovered the boy's intellectual abilities and taught him free of charge until he was confirmed. Mannhardt's older brother Johann Ludwig was steward at Maulbronn Monastery . He made it possible for him to attend the scholarly school there. In spring 1778 he passed the final exam. In the same year he was accepted into the Protestant theological seminar in Tübingen. He was denied admission to the Evangelical Monastery of Tübingen - a kind of scholarship from the Duke. He had to earn the money he needed to study through private tuition and devotional lessons. He lived with his sponsor, the printer Fuess , who got him free meals. In 1780 Jacob Gysbert van der Smissen , a Dutch merchant and shipowner in Altona , was looking for a theologically trained tutor for his son Gysbert. He asked Magnus Friedrich Roos for help, as he was also a member of the German Christianity Society. Mannhardt was chosen because Roos was a lecturer at the Tübingen monastery at the time. Urged by Roos to graduate early, Mannhardt passed the theological exam cum laude in February 1781 .

Altona and Brunsholm

As a master's degree he reached Altona on April 2, 1781. The Mennonite family welcomed him in a very friendly manner, and Mannhardt had enough time to devote himself to other activities in addition to Gysbert's upbringing. Like his employer, he wrote essays for the magazine of the German Christianity Society ( collections for lovers of Christian truth and godliness ). The friendship with Pastwaror Heinrich Zeise enabled him to preach in the Heilig-Geist-Kirchhof , Altona's poor church. When Hinrich III van der Smissen entrusted him with his three children, Mannhardt moved into his house. Although he was not a Mennonite and poor, he was able to marry Hinrich's daughter Anna on May 5, 1790. Hinrich III and Jacob Gysbert agreed on the condition that the children from the marriage should become Mennonites . At first Mannhardt stayed with his in-laws. When his private tutoring came to an end, he decided to work as a farmer. In 1794 his father-in-law bought him a hoof in Flottbek and a piece of land in Schenefeld . While he was building a stately home in Schenefeld, the opportunity arose to buy the noble Brunsholm estate in fishing . The father-in-law agreed. The farms in Schenefeld and Flottbek were sold. On May 30, 1795, the Mannhardt family moved to Brunsholm in the Duchy of Schleswig . She only stayed three years.

Hanerau

Mannhardt-Hof Hanerau (1799)

In 1798 Mannhardt was offered the Hanerau estate in the Duchy of Holstein . Although it was completely run down and shabby, with the help of his father-in-law he bought it at a significantly inflated price. The mansion and most of the farm buildings were demolished in the 1780s and the materials were sold. The logging had reduced the wooded area, the most important source of income for the property, by half since 1777. The wood stock of the forests had been reduced to 10% in the same period. Much of the courtyard was parceled out and given to surrounding farmers. Large plantings were made in the manor forests. Heath areas were afforested. The seedling in Mannhardt's coat of arms is evidence of this activity. Inspired by Christian Cay Lorenz Hirschfeld , the wood to the west of the estate was transformed into the Wilhelmshain public forest park. In 1804 a burial place was laid out in the style of the Moravian Brethren . Mannhardt cultivated around 120 hectares by purchasing a Hademarscher farm and old farm lands. In 1819 he laid out the Lerchenfeld Meierhof based on the model of an Anglit three-sided farm . It was intended for his brother-in-law Hinrich IV van der Smissen. When the latter declined overall responsibility, Mannhardt took it over himself. He had a simple house built, which the family moved into in 1821. It still stands today. He led in agriculture of the goods, the marl and operating regular peat .

As a church patron (as in Tübingen and Altona) he was particularly concerned with the school system and the poor. In order to create jobs and an economic basis for local workers and day laborers , he applied for permission to set up a factory for textiles . It was issued on August 12, 1803. With reservation he was allowed to import the necessary raw materials and machines duty-free. He was allowed to sell the goods duty-free within the duchies of Holstein and Schleswig. Duty-free export to the Kingdom of Denmark and the exemption from the building tax introduced in 1802 were not permitted . The factories that were then set up gave rise to Hanerau. Hinrich III van der Smissen made the capital available. For workers and traders willing to settle here, Mannhardt provides inexpensive, and in some cases free, land on the road to Hademarschen . Developed as an operating branches weaving , knitted (from 1807), Spider (1809), Printing and Dyeing (from 1811) as well as a lawn bleach . In the locally very limited sales market, the company benefited from the continental blockade and the increased need for military textiles. When English industrial goods were back on the market at the beginning of the wars of liberation , production had to be gradually reduced. The Danish bankruptcy of 1813 and the decline of the Altona trading house since 1808 caused additional financial burdens. In order to support his father-in-law's Smissen house, Mannhardt took out a mortgage on the estate in the amount of 150,000 Courantmarks . Nevertheless, the Altona company was liquidated in 1824. The Hanerau factories also employed children who could thus contribute to the maintenance of their families. They were brought up at the expense of the companies, which was unusual at the time. The " industrial school " was the forerunner of the Hanerau elementary school. 1809 founded Mannhardt a provident fund . Each worker paid 1 Schilling Schleswig-Holsteinisch Courant per week . In 1807 Mannhardt founded a savings bank for his financial transactions , which became the savings and loan bank from 1820. With this, too, he was way ahead of larger places. When Mannhardt had received help from his family, especially his brother Johann Ludwig, in his youth, he now promoted the children of his siblings. The Hanerau benefited in part. He paid his nephew Christian Friedrich Schwartz to study medicine in Kiel. In 1815/16 he founded a doctor's practice and a hand pharmacy in the closed stocking knitting factory.

Mannhardt wrote some sacred songs . After a life of blessing for many, he died at the age of 71.

“Mannhardt was very lucky for Hanerau. Without his work and the capital of the van der Smissens, the estate would certainly have developed differently and, similarly to the Drage estate , would probably no longer exist today. "

- Eckart Niemöller

Honors

Memorial stone for Mannhardt in Hanerau

On January 28, 1810, Mannhardt received from Friedrich VI. (Denmark and Norway) the Danebrogorden . In 1842, eleven years after Mannhardt's death, Christian VIII visited his widow. As a thank you, he gave her a travel coffee set.

In 1954 Hanerauer Dorfstrasse was renamed Mannhardtstrasse. Part of the Mannhardt family coat of arms, the silver arm with the oak seedling, was incorporated into the coat of arms of the Hanerau-Hademarschen community. For his 250th birthday in 2010, Hanerau-Hademarschen placed a memorial stone for Mannhardt on the site of the gatehouse of the estate, where the family had lived for over twenty years.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Niemöller (2011), p. 164
  2. ↑ a b E. Niemöller (2011), p. 165
  3. ↑ Smissen, Jacob Gysbert van der (Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online)
  4. ^ E. Niemöller (2011), p. 166
  5. ^ E. Niemöller (2011), p. 167
  6. ^ E. Niemöller (2011), p. 170
  7. ↑ E. Niemöller (2011), pp. 171-173
  8. ↑ a b E. Niemöller (2011), p. 174
  9. ↑ a b E. Niemöller (2011), p. 175
personal data
SURNAME Mannhardt, Johann Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant theologian
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1760
PLACE OF BIRTH Kleinheppach , Duchy of Württemberg
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1831
Place of death Hanerau , Duchy of Holstein