History of Hanerau-Hademarschen
The history of Hanerau-Hademarschen describes the historical development of today's municipality of Hanerau-Hademarschen in Mittelholstein. The area around Hanerau-Hademarschen has been inhabited for more than 5000 years, such as those from the Neolithic period dating megalithic tombs point to the Hademarscher mountains. The village settlement of Hademarschen already existed around the birth of Christ, a first small wooden church should have been built before the year 1000, Hanerau Castle was built at the end of the 12th century, the first stone church in Hademarschen at the beginning of the 13th century, during the village Hanerau did not come into being until the turn of the century 1799/1800. The places that have grown together in the course of the 19th century have experienced an eventful history, under repeated changing German and Danish rule, with many authorities, such as kings, dukes, counts and other nobles who came and went, and the places were the scenes of many battles with and between invading armies and marauders , who suffered many casualties and great damage from arson and persecution. Hanerau-Hademarschen became known far beyond the borders through Theodor Storm , who created his most famous works here between 1880 and 1888, including the Schimmelreiter . The construction of the nearby Kiel Canal at the end of the 19th century allowed the place to flourish continuously, when handicrafts and trade developed significantly alongside the previously predominant peasant economy. The population temporarily doubled due to the flow of refugees after the Second World War . A particularly significant recent event was the total loss of the 800-year-old Severinkirche (Hademarschen) due to a major fire on December 27, 2003.
Origin of name
Hanerau-Hademarschen is located on the "triangle" of Holstein, Dithmarschen and Schleswig.
Stone Age and Bronze Age
The "Hademarscher Mountains", rising up to 67 m above sea level from the otherwise only slightly undulating landscape, certainly had a strategic importance over the millennia. There are also the megalithic monuments . A terrain map from the 18th century still shows 30 hills, which were destroyed over time and today only five of the mighty burial mounds remain. A mound opened on the occasion of the laying of the foundations of the first observation tower in 1912, which was excavated under the direction of the archaeologist Prof. Rothmann from the Museum of Prehistoric Antiquities in Kiel , surprisingly contained two graves: halfway up a tree coffin grave from the older Bronze Age (around 1400 to 1200 BC), in which a bronze sword, a battle hatchet , some clay vessels and a richly decorated gold bracelet were found, and another at the bottom of the hill, a longitudinal grave with a short passage, made of mighty stone rocks, up to 3.5 m long and 2.0 m wide, from the Neolithic Age , around 2000 to 1600 BC. BC, as was assumed at the beginning, which contained stone tools, vessels and the remains of human bones from five periods. There are photos from July 1912 showing these goblets, stone axes , etc. The items were donated to the Kiel Museum, where they were kept until the Second World War , and are now in the State Museum of Prehistory in Gottorf Castle , Schleswig .
The Archaeological State Office Schleswig-Holstein now assumes that the first stone laying in the open hill was around 3500 BC. At the time of the funnel cup culture . Based on the findings mentioned, it can be assumed that the immediate vicinity of Hademarschen was settled more than 5000 years ago, and since then probably continuously, the people in this area persevered, while their northern neighbors in Jutland, the Cimbri , according to Roman sources 121 BC They emigrated to the south and the northern Germanic tribes of the Teutons and Ambrones also joined their long migration. Reasons for this large migration are said to be: on the one hand, a particularly large storm surge with corresponding coastal land losses, as always recurring in the North Sea, on the other hand, after a temporary warm phase in northern Europe between 2000 and 800 BC. BC, again a subsequent strong cold phase, during which there were crop failures and famine, and the corresponding aftermath, which finally forced the population to look for more fertile land. After many detours, the train reached northern Italy in 20 years. The inhabitants of the area of Hademarschens were probably more favored than their northern neighbors due to their location on the higher Geest and in the middle of the woods, and therefore probably remained settled.
A traditional legend describes the following: “In the parish of Hademarschen, when the giants still lived here in the country, there was a large stone. One of the strongest picked him up and wanted to throw him over the border. Then the stone broke into two pieces in the throwing process, one fell in the parish of Schenefeld , the other in the march. Both pieces fit together exactly. "
There are also several megalithic tombs in the neighboring communities of Albersdorf and Gokels to the west and east , and both places have a stylized megalithic grave in their coat of arms.
It has not been proven whether the first settlements in or around Hademarschen were also on one of the Amber Roads. The central German land route of the Amber Road ran from the North Sea coast of the Cimbrian Peninsula (today's mainland Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein) along the Elbe and further, as assumed, along the Oder over the Alps to Rome, the so-called Roman route. The course of this route between the Elbe estuary and the Adriatic Sea is considered to be one of the older of the Amber Roads and has been a trade route as early as around 2500 BC. Proven. The West German land route from the North Sea coast of the Cimbrian Peninsula via the Rhine and Rhone to Marseille and further into Tuscany has been in existence since at least 600 BC. Used. Both routes mentioned probably began in the area of today's Eiderstedt on the North Sea coast, since 2000 years BC. Amber came to Greece from the North Frisian Islands off the coast and converged in what is now Hamburg . Hademarschen is on the line between Eiderstedt and Hamburg. Interesting in this context is the ancient Greek reference to the country Hyperborea , “verifiably the only country from which the ancient Greeks got their amber”, and today's attempt to locate it in North Frisia . It is also conceivable that the western of the Ochsenwege , which verifiably ran over Hademarschen, was identical to the Bernsteinstrasse, at least from Hademarschen to the south. From the Middle Ages, the ox path was also used as a pilgrimage route from the north to Italy.
antiquity
In the time of about 600 BC Until the turn of the century, the area around Hademarschen was likely to have been shaped by the Jastorf culture that was predominant in the north . This was followed by the culture of the Elbe Germans , whose northern edge touched the Hademarschen extension area. Likewise, there may have been influences from the North Sea Germans who joined to the west. It is not possible to determine whether the Lombards , as part of the Elbe Germans, who were recorded on the Lower Elbe until the 1st century and temporarily moved to the northern bank of the Elbe before they emigrated south, also reached Mittelholstein or influenced this part of the country .
The village settlement of Hademarschen was built around the birth of Christ. Probably the oldest part was near Tiefental, on the slope of the "Hollenberge". From the direction of the later Hanerau, a wide sandy path with deep wagon tracks led to Hademarschen ("Weidenniederung"). Where the houses stood in a pile, today's Klosterstraße, the “Schobeek” flowed across the street, which merged with the “Klosterbeek” in the “Eck” (beek is Low German for Bach ).
According to Roman sources of the 1st century AD, the old Hademarscher belonged to the North Germanic tribe of the Avionen , in the border area to the Jutes and northeastern Angles living north of them , linguistically to the Ingwaeons ,
There is no evidence that the Romans reached this part of Holstein, not even at the time of the greatest expansion of the Roman Empire in AD 117 under Emperor Trajan , when areas between the respective lower reaches of the Weser and Elbe were controlled by the Romans , whereby the very wide Elbe represented an obstacle to the north. It was also repeatedly pointed out in the historical texts of that time that the tribes of Holstein living there were "well protected by impenetrable forests".
Sources around 150 AD already spoke of " Saxons " and restricted the people of this name to the inhabitants of the southern and central part of West Holstein, the region that also includes Hademarschen, the "Old Saxons" before the popular name was expanded and included several ethnic communities in northern Germany from about the 3rd century onwards, as evidenced from the 4th century onwards. Currently, the mention of the Saxons in a speech by Emperor Julian in 356 is considered to be the first reliably documented mention of the people's name. The name is derived from the weapon they mostly used at that time, the sax ( Old High German saws for sword or knife ). Certainly were also double-edged sword, as the spathe used.
Early middle ages
It is obvious that the Huns, who penetrated from Eastern Europe far into Western Europe from 375 AD onwards , touched the areas north of the Lower Elbe, and may have moderately influenced present-day Denmark and southern Sweden in the greatest extent of the Hun Empire around 453, but certainly not controlled them However, there are no verifiable traces of a Huns present in Holstein at that time. Possibly the dense forests of the region were not suitable for the development of the equestrian people, who are used to wide, open spaces, or the pure farming of individual farms, with only very small villages and still completely without towns, was not of interest to the Huns, who often thought of robbery. The migration of peoples across Europe caused by the displacement effect is likely to have had little or no impact on this part of Holstein.
The cultural decline of Western Europe that began with the collapse of the Roman Empire , which was accompanied by violence, destruction and economic decline, including the collapse of long-distance trade, also caused a decline in written form , especially between 550 and 800, and the decline of the cities of Europe, Holstein will not have changed much, since the independent Nordic culture there, in addition to the regional trade exchange, was hardly influenced by the Roman one, the dense forests and small population did not yet allow the development of cities .
From what is known today as the “ dark age ”, the time of transition from antiquity to the early Middle Ages, there are hardly any local historical reports for the area in Mittelholstein either. It was, however, the time of the Angles , Saxons , Jutes, and Frisians migrating to Britain . It is difficult to determine to what extent a possible emigration from the area around Hademarschen was affected. What is certain, however, is that in the 4th century, Old Saxon was spoken in the south and east of England, i.e. the same language as in West Holstein, and that the different Low German dialects of northern Germany made a significant contribution to the English language .
From the early Middle Ages , the Holsten (Germanic holta for wood / forest, saten for residents, holt-saten for forest dwellers) were mentioned as one of the three northern Elbe Saxon tribes. They were rightly called Holsten, and Hademarschen was located in the middle of extensive forest areas, of which today's forests, such as “Rehers” (almost 200 hectares ) and “Bondenschiften”, are only small remains.
Around 770 the Viking settlement Haithabu an der Schlei , only 45 km away from Hademarschen, was founded, which was the most important trading center in the wider region with international connections and lasted until 1066. The place, which in its heyday in the 10th century with a population of around 1500 in that otherwise sparsely populated area corresponded to a "big city" ( around 950 only around 500 inhabitants in Hamburg ), may also have been a magnet for the Hademarscher, who in a day's journey.
After Charlemagne began to subjugate the Saxons in 772, his troops also penetrated their areas north of the Elbe, northern Albingia , where the three Saxon districts of Dithmarschen, Holstein and Stormarn were gradually subjugated. However, the Saxons, including the Holsten, resisted the invaders and there was constant unrest.
In 804 Charlemagne once again marched with an army against the northern Albingians and deported thousands of the defeated with their families to his Frankish empire . Charlemagne initially left the three districts of the northern Albingians to his allies, the Slavic Abodrites , who had immigrated to Ostholstein earlier and controlled larger areas there, and further south-east in present-day Mecklenburg . However, these could not assert themselves against the North Elbe Saxons and the Danes allied with them .
In 808, Charlemagne sent his son Karl (born 772/773, died December 4, 811), who was actually intended to be the successor to his father on the throne if he had not died two years before his father, with a great one Heer crossed the Elbe again to “ensure order” and to consolidate and secure the Franconian territorial claims and interests up to the Danish southern border along the river Eider.
On March 15, 809, Saxon counts began building Esesfeld Castle near today's Itzehoe , which was later expanded by Charlemagne, but only existed for about 30 years.
Around 810, the North Elbeers were finally subjugated by Charlemagne and incorporated into the Franconian Empire . On this occasion, the northern Elbeers, including the Holsten, who were previously deported to the Franconian Empire, were allowed to return to their homeland.
From 811 to 1864, i.e. for more than 1000 years, the river Eider corresponded in its early natural course (since 1895 in the eastern area largely united with the Kiel Canal ) and, as an extension, the Levensau north of Kiel (mostly in the Eider Canal built between 1776 and 1784 , the southern border of the Danish state. During this long period, Schleswig, north of the Eider, was always considered to be Danish. The southern part of Holstein , which extends as far as the Elbe , to which Hademarschen and Hanrowe Castle belonged, was, however, exposed to multiple splintering and frequently changing rule due to warlike events and inheritance. Basically, a distinction is made between the German period 811–1460 and the Danish period 1460–1864, followed by German again.
Already in the first years of the Frankish time of Holstein, attempts to christianize the polytheistic " pagans ", who had previously worshiped the Nordic heaven of gods , began, but were not immediately, always and everywhere successful, there was considerable resistance in various areas to the acceptance of the new religion. The first, still quite small, churches in the north were typically built on old places of worship , such as in holy groves , which should "facilitate" a transition to the new religion.
The first church of the Holsten in Schenefeld was built around 825 , and the village of Hademarschen also belonged to their district until the 13th century, while the responsible bishop was initially in Bremen , later in Hamburg . In Hademarschen itself, a very modest wooden church was built , certainly before the turn of the millennium 999/1000 . The early, mostly very small churches of the Saxons were called " Klus ", the Low German form of Klause ( individual settlement ), Klausur (monastery) , which served as prayer rooms for the first Christians in northern Germany. Maybe she was one in half-timbered style built chapel . The remains of the wooden church found in 2004 had a floor plan of only 10 × 5 meters, with a main room of only 7 × 4.5 meters.
Today's street name “Im Kloster” in Hademarschen refers to the very word “Klus”, because there was never a monastery in Hademarschen.
In 843, in the Treaty of Verdun, Ludwig the German , King of Eastern Franconia, was also awarded " Transalbingia ", the area of the Saxons north of the Elbe. After the last free Saxon territories annexed under Charlemagne, all of Saxony was now de jure , at least from the perspective of the Franks, part of the East Franconian Empire, from which later Germany grew.
High Middle Ages
Around the year 1000, the Billung Duke Bernhard I (Saxony) (* around 950; † February 9, 1011) built the nearby castle of Itzehoe as a bulwark against the Danes. The Billungers had their power base through countial rights and own property in the region around Lüneburg and between the Elbe and Upper Weser and gained influence in the first half of the 10th century. His father, Hermann Billung († 973), was commissioned in 936 by the king and later Emperor Otto I to guard the border on the lower Elbe . In 961 he had received ducal rights.
In 1076 Adam von Bremen's history of the Archdiocese of Hamburg first mentions the North Saxon Holsten , to whose tribe the old Hademarsch belonged.
Around 1100 the Danes built a castle on an Eider Island 35 km from Hademarschen, which later became the town of Rendsburg , today's district town of Hanerau-Hademarschen.
In 1111 Lothar von Supplinburg , Duke of Saxony and later Emperor Lothar III. (from 1133), Adolf I. von Schauenburg appointed Count of Holstein and Stormarn . The chronicler von Aspern wrote in 1843: “The same ( county ), at that time only comprising the middle Haiderücken of the present Holstein, had neighbors in the west with the freedom-proud Dithmarschen, in the north the active Danes, in the east the predatory and pagan slave tribe of the Wagern. Of the former, they separated the vast lowlands of Holsten and Giesel-Au, against Slaven was leaning against the natural boundary of Sven Tina valley and its sequels after the Elbe to the marca Slavorum ( Mark of the Slavs ). At this advanced post the new Count A. behaved with circumspection and prudence. He maintained friendship and alliance with the Vagrian Prince Heinrich, who endeavored to extend his rule to the entire western corner of the Baltic Sea. He repeatedly gave him effective support against the more distant Slavic tribes between the Elbe and the Oder, but especially against the dreaded Rugen on their island, which is difficult to attack. "
The descendants of Adolf I were very important for the further history of Hademarschens, the place was closely connected with the castle "Hanrowe" for centuries, which was built between 1180 and 1185 on the military road from Itzehoe to Dithmarschen by Adolf III. (Schauenburg and Holstein) to protect against the constant incursions from the peasant republic of Dithmarschen . Other sources speak of an earlier start of castle construction around 1145 under Count Adolf II. The castle has been historically proven since 1186.
The remains of a castle in the “Keller” homestead are said to come from an even older, smaller castle called “Lindhorst”, the owner and age of which have not yet been determined. Since there was the same castle name elsewhere and such foundations go back to the Franks, it cannot be ruled out that the Franks had built such a first castle near Hanerau-Hademarschen in the 9th or 10th century, in order to protect their position against the Saxons and / or to consolidate Danes. The castle may have been named after the linden tree , the sacred tree of the Germanic peoples, under which the thing , the council and court hearings, were held. Or, because in connection with Horst, also "Linthorst", from Old High German lint (snake), as in Lindwurm , and Old High German hurst (bushes, scrub, bushes or thickets), as in "Adlerhorst", for the nest, so " the snake's nest "or" nest of the lindworm (or dragon) ", which in the Middle Ages, especially among the knights and the nobility, popular mythical creatures that were often depicted in coats of arms and on shields . Possibly it was one of the many moths created by the lower nobility, especially from the 10th century , which was then no longer needed - or not tolerated - after the construction of the fully-fledged Hanrowe Castle, which is very close by. The Keller homestead was located directly on the ancient, still so-called “Ochsenweg”, which led from Heide and Meldorf via Itzehoe to Hamburg . It was the west of two main roads in north-south direction, where, hence the name, mainly oxen from Jutland were driven south to be sold in Hamburg and Wedel . In Wedel in particular, there was an important cattle market, which is still held today as the "ox market".
The first Counts of Schauenburg must have initially met with considerable resistance from the local population. Even at the time of the High Middle Ages, the region was still divided into Saxon autonomous areas, which corresponded to the earlier cooperative tribal structures, the Bodebezirken , which was headed by a Bode and several such districts an overbode , each of his Gau Holstein or Stormarn, and which came from the people's nobility. This soil and the peasants opposed the new counts to a great extent. Hademarschen also belonged to such a Bodschaft in 1248, under Overboden, which was located near Neumünster and held the political office with military and judicial authority.
Decisive for Holstein's history was the Battle of Bornhöved (1227) , the Adolf IV in a coalition with the Bremen Archbishop Gerhard II , Albrecht I , Heinrich I (Schwerin) , with knights provided by the Slavonic Wends and a contingent of the city Lübeck won against the army of Waldemar II (Denmark) . This pushed the Danes out of Holstein for the next 233 years.
Between 1200 and 1250 a massive stone church was built over the former small wooden church in Hademarschen. Comparable Romanesque structural features of that time in northern Germany refer to the period 1150–1200, more recent scientific findings to 1200–1250. It is questionable whether the few farmers and other residents of the village of Hademarschen were able to build the church on their own, including financial resources. It is more likely that the church was donated. The most likely donor would be Count Adolf IV , whose father and / or grandfather had built Hanrowe Castle, which thus belonged to his property. Perhaps it was the Count's thanks to the Hademarscher, who, presumably, belonging to his Hanrowe Castle, had put up a contest for the battle at Bornhöved they had won. In addition, he was particularly religious, had taken a vow in distress in the battle of Bornhöved in 1227 and therefore retired on August 13, 1239 as a Franciscan to the Marienkloster he had founded in Kiel . In 1244 he was ordained a priest in Rome. During these years he had donated several churches, including 1244/45 in Neukirchen (Ostholstein) . The time after 1227 or from 1239 also falls within the presumed latest time frame for the Hademarsch church building. In recent excavations, a coin from the year 1225 was found in the foundation of the original Romanesque choir arch, which suggests that construction of the church hardly began before 1225.
In view of the threat of constant incursions by the Dithmarschers, and because, in the event of sudden attacks on the site, Hanrowe Castle was too far away from Hademarschen as a place of refuge, the church was designed from the outset as a fortified church with massive walls and small windows, as well as one made of heavy ones A wall of stones piled up around the entire churchyard, of which remains are still present today, formed a first line of defense. The Hademarschers, especially women, children and old people, are likely to have withdrawn into the protection of their church many times over the next five to six centuries, while the men fought against the many invading hostile hordes and armies.
Around 1250, a small child with blond hair was buried in the church's round tower, which was built at the beginning and was later removed, surrounded by white dune sand , the remains of which were found in 2004. Around the same time, a plaster base was made for the church's altar , in which one could still see clear footprints of children from that time, also found more than 750 years later.
From the 13th century, the originally pure farming village of Hademarschen became a typical Holstein church village , and even then the place became the center of a number of surrounding smaller villages, some of which originated from Hademarschen and were initially based on individual farms , and which settled there Craftsmen and tradespeople are increasingly gathering in Hademarschen. The traditional and regionally popular “Homarscher Markt” probably dates back to that time.
The annual bird shooting also follows an old tradition that goes back to the Middle Ages (as the first such festivals with competitions in crossbow shooting were known in Nuremberg and Augsburg around 1285 ).
Late Middle Ages
In 1261, after the death of Duke Albrecht I of Saxony, the previously unified County of Holstein was divided into different smaller counties, with the Counts of Schaunburg and Holstein as the main bearers of power. The Holstein-Itzehoe line existed from 1261 to 1300, the Holstein-Rendsburg line from 1300 to 1459.
In 1280 Rendsburg received city rights, while other sources speak of city rights as early as 1239. In fact, the town charter was confirmed again in 1339 by Count Gerhard the Great of Holstein-Rendsburg , who also granted Rendsburg extensive estates. Rendsburg is still the district town for Hanerau-Hademarschen today.
After 1304, when Heinrich I, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg (* 1258; † 1304), who had ruled since 1290, died, and on the occasion of the division of the inheritance in 1312 between his sons, Gerhard III. , the Great Count of Holstein-Rendsburg and Duke of South Jutland (born approx. 1293; † 1340), and Johann III. , Count of Holstein-Plön and Lord of Fehmarn (* approx. 1294; † 1359), the former received the Hanrowe Castle and thus the Hademarschen parish as well. Count Gerhard III. is, at least in German (in contrast to Danish) historiography, a first, if only temporary, amalgamation of the parts of Schleswig and Holstein.
It is not known to what extent Hademarschen was affected by the famines from 1314 to 1317 and again in 1346 and 1347, which affected all of Northern Europe.
For 1317 there is a first documentary mention of the parish of Hademarschen by Presbyter Bremensis in 1448 in his "Chronicle of Holsteins".
In 1341, when the Dithmarschers invaded Holstein again, “ Count Nicolaus ( also Klaus or Klaas, son of Count Gerhard III. , And just 20 years old) , with some knights and the Landsturm, moved out of this parish and from Schenefeld ( probably from his castle Itzehoe ) and struck them at a place called Tipperslo (?) , which was between this village ( Hademarschen ) and Schenefeld ”. The accompanying saga, recorded by Karl Müllenhoff in 1845 , reported the following: “In a hurry he brought up only thirty horsemen from his servants and had the peasants in the vicinity from the Wilstermarsch and Hademarsch muster, who followed willingly, and followed the enemy. Before that, however, he sent out a scout. When he came back he said that the enemy was so many that it was impossible to beat them. “Merciful God,” exclaimed the Count, following his custom, “how you frighten us so! follow me, we have to see who they are who are stealing our property. 'When they came near the Dithmarschen, they were standing with their sticks in the ground and showing the tips. Count Klaas began: “There are the masons , they are all dancing; let us all join the dance party happily . But if someone goes crazy and doesn't stay in line, he shouldn't be worth the fact that we continue to suffer him. 'And so it was the dance. The count puts his spear on and runs towards the Dithmarschen; so did his servants and the peasants. There was a strong Dithmarsche in an embroidered brightly colored jacket. The count saw that and fought with him for a while. At last he struck him in the midst of each other with the sword, in one blow from head to saddle. So the Dithmarschen were overcome and fled even though they were the overwhelming majority. "
The raids by the Dithmarschers on Hanrowe and Hademarschen were to last for more than 200 years.
In 1403, in view of the disputes with the Dithmarschern, at the instigation of Duke Erich IV of Saxony-Lauenburg (* 1354 - † 1411), Hanrowe Castle was fortified again, so that it was able to withstand all attacks from Dithmarschen for two more centuries.
Until around 1450, the district of Hanrowe Castle included the parishes of Hademarschen and Schenefeld, later only Hademarschen.
In 1459 Count Adolf VIII died without leaving any children, with which the Schaunburg rule over Holstein and with it the Hanrowe and Hademarschen castles ended.
In 1460 it was agreed in the Treaty of Ripen that the Danish King Christian I , who came from the House of Oldenburg, was elected Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein "out of favor to himself". This was the first time that Schleswig and Holstein were connected to one another and to Denmark as a personal union.
The customs office at Hanrowe Castle is first mentioned in 1464.
In 1474 the former county of Holstein becomes a duchy.
In 1482, on the occasion of the division of the duchies and counties between the Danish King John I and Duke Friedrich, who later became King Frederick I of Denmark (Denmark and Norway) , Hanrowe initially went to the former.
Early modern age
In 1525 the Danish King Friedrich I (* October 7, 1471 in Hadersleben, † April 10, 1533 in Gottorf), Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1490 to 1533, King of Denmark from 1523 to 1533 and King of Norway from 1524 to 1533, sold Hanrowe to Clemens (Clement) von der Wisch , which was thus converted into a noble fief . The parish of Hademarschen also belonged to the castle.
In 1542 the Danish King Christian III. based on the new church order by Johannes Bugenhagen, the Reformation in Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, with which the Hademarsch Church also became Protestant .
In 1544 the king broke the Treaty of Ripen and handed over parts of the Schleswig-Holstein duchies to his younger half-brothers Johann and Adolf I, creating the partial duchies of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf and Schleswig-Holstein-Hadersleben.
Annual meetings of the Thing of the Saxons in Holstein were held until 1546, and the Hademarschers and their satraps probably also attended.
1557 received Cay Rantzau zu Klethkamp, bailiff of Trittau , the feudal letter for Hanrowe and Hademarschen.
1559, after the parish of Hademarschen often suffered from raids by the Dithmarschers and Hanrowe Castle was the focus of the fighting for almost 300 years as a bulwark and base of operations, the Dithmarschers had “the clenched fist” and the Holsten “Hanerouwe dat Slot before Dithmarschen “Called, the Dithmarschers were finally defeated in the Last Feud . Historical sources report an 18,000-strong army on the side of the coalition between Duke Adolf I von Gottorf and his nephew, the Danish King Friedrich II , against a contingent of 12,000 armed peasants and servants of the Dithmarscher. The peasant republic of Dithmarschen was then dissolved and divided between the aristocrats and the Danish king, lost its unity and no longer posed a threat to Hademarschen. Thus, after 1559, Hanrowe Castle also lost its former strategic importance, but three parishes in Dithmarschen of Hanrowe Castle remained subject to interest and had to regularly deliver grain and pets to "thor Unterholdung des Huses Hanrouw".
On a map drawn up by Marcus Jordanus of Schleswig and Holstein in 1559, “Hanrow”, drawn as a castle, is mentioned, but not the place Hademarschen, which is probably due to the fact that the area of the castle included the parish of Hademarschen.
Cay Rantzau died in 1560 and his son Moritz Rantzau zu Holtenklinken inherited Hanrowe.
In 1591 Cay Rantzau came to Satrupholm, bailiff of Aabenraa , into the possession of Hanrowe Castle, which “was finally granted in 1601 to Königl. Basically on the new way to build a little guard house (or Kate as the King calls it in his concession), and to keep a man in it, and to keep the Frembden from the way, or to force them to pay the Hanerau duty. At which house Cay Rantzau propriomotu set up a large barrier, which the Dithmarschers, as they traveled to Itzehoe, threw off with agility, which is why there was a lot of disputes on both sides ... ". This dispute would last for another three decades, with many submissions from both sides to the duke and king, until finally in 1634 the Dithmarschers were granted their duty-free exemption at this point by the Danish king and “that the turnpike was broken off again”.
1600 to 1649
From 1601 to 1868 the inn in Hohenhörn near Bendorf (Holstein) served as the most south-westerly customs office of Hanrowe Castle.
On April 9, 1607, Cay Rantzau, a feudal man on Hanrowe, died without a male heir, whereupon Hanrowe Castle, the associated estate and the parish of Hademarschen passed to his three brothers, governor Franz Rantzau, Reichsrat Breide Rantzau and privy councilor Geert Rantzau confirmed by the (first Protestant) Prince-Bishop of Lübeck and later Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf Johann Adolf (February 27, 1575 - March 31, 1616) on November 16, 1607.
In 1608 Cay Rantzau's son-in-law, Heinrich Rantzau zu Neuhaus, was enfeoffed with the Hanerau estate.
In 1616, Hademarschen had 7 Hufner ( large farmers ), 5 Kätner ( medium-sized farmers ), 22 “free people” ( craftsmen with a little land ) and 13 Inste ( people without their own house who rented ). The wives and children of all named as well as the farmhands and maidservants of the peasants were not mentioned, so it can be concluded that Hademarsch (excluding Hanrowe Castle and the other villages of the parish) of around 300 inhabitants.
In 1621 a St. Jacob's guild in Hademarschen is mentioned for the first time in the church book. This type of guild was preceded by "friendships" or "cousins", which were mutual insurances in which fixed contributions, mostly calculated on the basis of the respective property of the members, such as house and cattle, were paid in order to such as fire or cattle disease to pay for such. The guilds that developed from it in the course of the 16th century led a lively club life, and the usual "coal mines" and other "excesses" (in the eyes of the authorities) led to attempts in Holstein from around 1630 to limit the number of guilds. From this year comes a memorandum from the bailiff in Hanerau, which ordered the following: “It was necessary that in the whole estate ( the Hanerau estate with the parish of Hademarschen was meant ) there should only be one guild, and the other Knip guilds together, as many of them so far have been, to be abolished and, on the other hand, a guild must be reorganized, in consideration, if only one guild is held and then a misfortune (which Godt mercifully wants to prevent and avert) zukeme, the same can then soon be helped again. "
On December 24, 1624, the first Danish postal order came into force, which included Schleswig-Holstein and thus also applied to Hademarschen.
In 1626 Denmark intervened for the first time in the fighting in the Thirty Years' War, which had been going on since 1618 . Until then, Schleswig and Holstein had been spared, but suffered afterwards just like in all of the surrounding lands and states.
Starting with Wallenstein in the period 1627–1629, the Hademarscher, after the subjugation of the Dithmarscher almost 70 years earlier, suffered again from the incursions of enemy armies.
1630 is the guaranteed year of foundation of the grain water mill in later Hanerau. But it is probably much older.
For 1630 and 1652 there are first mentions of the annual “stuff, cattle and horse market”, which takes place on October 20, but it is certainly much older. Apart from its economic importance, it was "the greatest festival after Christmas" for the Hademarscher. People flocked to the "Homarscher Markt" from the surrounding villages to Hademarschen and it was in the halls (or as it is called locally: "on" the halls) of the inns (Tiessen , Nottelmann, Krohn, Feldhusen and Seeler) danced. In addition, all households in the market, ie “in the monastery”, had the right to hold a dance and to serve alcohol.
In 1633 the Hanerau estate was sold again to the Danish king, who placed it as the Rendsburg office.
In 1634 the St. Vitus Guild was founded in Hademarschen as a fire guild , whose scope was the Hanerau estate, corresponding to the parish of Hademarschen. The guild was run by two “elderly people” and twelve “workers” or “upwardly”. The members called themselves then, as they still do today, "Gild Brothers". In the first articles of the statutes, the guidelines on the handling of fire damage cases were laid down. Most of the other articles deal with the bird shooting , which was held after the feasts and the discussion of business matters. On an old cadastral map, an area near the dairy pond is marked with the name "Vogelstand". The shooting was done according to strict rules. In an article by the guild from 1812 it was said: “The shooters must observe a correct order in shooting and shoot according to the row that indicates their lot. No one is therefore allowed to shoot without permission, except for his own ranks, on penalty of a ton of beer to the guild. ”The rifle king was adorned with the“ neck jewelry ”and was exempt from all damage and cost contributions for three years. After the shooting, the guild brothers and their wives went to the guild house, where the "guild beer" was drunk at the guild's expense. In another article of the statutes it was said: "But if someone, contrary to expectations, disturbs the peace at the bird bar or in the guild house and starts quarreling, he has forfeited a ton of beer to the guild." There were other articles that referred to such “tons of beer” or called for them under certain circumstances. The feast of the guild, which still exists today, is held annually on the day of St. Vitus , June 15th. St. Vitus is, among other things, the patron saint of domestic animals and also the brewer .
In 1637, the Danish King Christian IV (Denmark and Norway) granted Hanrowe Castle the collection of “passage customs” in accordance with the customs roll, for which a customs post in the inn, complete with a turnpike , was set up next to the water mill. Every passing trader, drover or other non-local passers-by had to pay road tolls . The income went to the lord of the castle.
After the Thirty Years' War in Schleswig and Holstein in 1629 was initially considered to be over with the Peace of Lübeck , Denmark was fighting for its survival as a state structure and Sweden was the outstanding power on the northern and central continent, and the country was until then less devastated than the rest of Germany's imperial territories, had just recovered somewhat, but from 1643 it was drawn into the fighting again by the Torstensson War and this time heavily devastated. The Swedes plundered the village of Hademarschen on May 28, 1644 and destroyed Hanrowe Castle. The Swedes stayed in the village until 1645.
There is an unspecified drawing from the early 16th century that shows a rectangular, three-wing, open building of Hanrowe Castle before it was destroyed. After 1644, the castle island was heaped up in a rectangular shape and expanded to the size it is today, which mutated into a peninsula after the drawbridge was removed.
The town of Rendsburg, northeast of Hademarschen, was also occupied by Swedish troops from 1644 to 1645 . Only shortly beforehand, from 1627 to 1629, had the city been under Imperial German rule. Something similar happened to the southeastern city of Itzehoe , which was billeted and plundered several times, but did not suffer any major structural damage, as the city council had handed over the city to General Wallenstein in 1627 without a fight. Many other small towns in the near and far, such as Krempe , Glückstadt and Breitenburg , fared significantly worse , especially those that were provided with locks and sometimes strong fortifications, but none of which could withstand the Swedes.
1650 to 1699
From 1658 to 1660 Poles and Brandenburgers invaded Hademarschen and marauded the village, which was then completely burned down.
From 1663 to 1668 Pastor Martin Hake, known as "the second", worked. He had taken over the task from his father of the same name, who had preached in Hademarschen for 44 years.
On July 26, 1664, the Hanerau estate was sold again by the Danish king, this time to Admiralty Councilor Paul von Klingenberg. He had the remains of the castle burned down in 1644 and built a new mansion without defensive walls. The agricultural courtyard buildings of the former castle were then still in the Keller district, but were demolished and relocated to Hanerau.
In 1671 the landowner Paul von Klingenberg had the organ of the Hademarsch church repaired and fitted with new bellows. The organ must have been built before 1600. It served the Hademarschern for nearly 300 years before it was replaced by a new one in 1892.
In 1693 the land ownership of the Hanerau estate was reduced by about a third, and on November 21, 1699, King Friedrich IV declared it a free, aristocratic allodial estate .
The fact that Hanerau was an aristocratic estate did not mean that the residents of the Hademarschen parish were reduced to serfs . They remained free owners of their land, and the landlord only took on the magisterial functions that the bailiff previously held as a representative of the sovereign, for example with regard to official status, water and timber rights, levying of road tolls (near the water mill and on other overland routes) and Controlling the Hademarscher, as well as the jurisdiction .
1700 to 1749
In the meantime, the Hanerau estate had been taken over by Cay Rumohr and was sold in 1702 to Benedict von Ahlefeldt zu Bothkamp and Quarnbek, who in turn sold it in 1709 to Claus Rumohr.
In 1713 the Swedes, Saxons and Russians invaded Hademarschen and billeting, looting and high war taxes left the Hademarsch completely impoverished. Three of the seven large farms and several small ones were abandoned by their owners, as far as they had not perished, and became “desolate”. After the occupiers had withdrawn, the manor leased that land to the other farmers, who then became their legal owners in the course of the 18th century.
Only from 1720 did the residents of Hademarschen slowly improve, and an extended period of peace followed.
In 1723 Claus Rumohr's widow, Benedicta Margaretha Rumohr, née Buchwaldt, inherited the estate and remained the landlady until 1744. She was hated and feared by the Hademarsch farmers because of her severity and “selfish and unjust manner”. So it was also associated with the following traditional legend of the " White Woman ", who grew up around the Hanerau estate that emerged from Hanrowe Castle:
“One of their Vorweser had given the Hademarsch church a large part of the enclosure, which is called Rehas (today: Rehers) , and issued a document about it. One day the woman went to the preacher and asked him to show her the document. The preacher, suspecting nothing wrong, is doing her a favor. But no sooner had she got the paper in her hands than she destroyed it and took the part of the enclosure back into her possession. Of course, the church brought a lawsuit, but the document was missing and the woman swore an oath. So she won her trial. But since her death she has now had to walk between the church and the enclosure, and every seven years she can be seen on the path. ”The woman is also supposed to“ show herself floating between heaven and earth when the moon is full ”.
In 1724 the wealthy Hademarsch widow Margarethe Stolpe donated a new altar for the church, which was used for more than two centuries until the church was renovated in 1963.
In 1738 the farmer Nottelmann built his farm in Hademarschen at the lower end of what is now Bahnhofstrasse. The building stood there for almost 250 years before it gave way to the construction of a shopping center. The fields immediately behind it between Bahnhofstrasse, Mühlenweg and Bismarckstrasse were merged into a large field of more than 4 hectares after the Second World War by eliminating the " knicks " in between, and are still used for agricultural purposes right in the center of the village.
In 1748/49, the church in Hademarschen was almost rebuilt by the state master builder Georg Schott from Heide, except for the foundation walls in the Romanesque style made of large boulders , and received a hipped roof and an eight-sided roof tower.
Around the middle of the 18th century, the "Oberstin" Dorothea von Aderkass, née von Rumohr, gave the Hademarsch Church a capital of 1,000 thalers, half of which went to the preacher for further use, the other half to the poor of the Hanerau estate was given. At that time the landowner “presented” to the election of the preacher, that is, he nominated the candidate or candidates and the congregation voted.
1750 to 1799
"Anno 1750" was written on an old door in the Hademarsch church. Above it were the insignia of Johann Rudolph von Rumohr, with a five-pointed crown. Below it read: "Spes Altera Vitae" ("Hope is the other side of life").
In 1764 the "Conferenzrath" Johann Rudolph von Rumohr inherited the Hanerau estate from his mother.
In 1777, the Rumohrs, with whom the inhabitants of the Hademarschen parish had fought a series of bitter legal disputes, in which the Hademarscher were always awarded rights, sold the Hanerau estate again to the Danish King Christian VII , who owned the Hanerau estate and the Hademarschen parish subordinated to the office of Rendsburg.
During this “royal time” between 1779 and 1787, land consolidation was carried out in Hademarschen , the so-called coupling in Holstein , during which narrow pieces of land that were previously difficult to manage were exchanged and “coupled” by individual farmers, then with earth walls (“ Knicks ”) framed and limited. During this time, the kinked landscape so typical of this region was created . Simultaneously with the coupling, large parts of the Hanerau estate were parceled out and sold. In addition, the "Viert" forest south of Hademarschen, which, like all forests in the parish, was previously the property of the estate, was distributed among all the villages belonging to the estate as "Bondenschiften".
On April 19, 1784 Hanerau was the Hereditary Prince and later King of Denmark Frederick VI. transfer.
In 1789 the Hanerau estate was given to the "General War Commissioner" Hassler as a fief, presumably because of his services to the Danish royal family.
In 1792 the parcels of the Meierhöfe Bokhorst, Oldenbüttel, Bokelhop and “Schleuse” formerly belonging to Gut Hanerau were sold to the public. The parcels mentioned included registered, precisely defined “man’s seats” and “women’s seats” in the Hademarsch Church, which were separated by a central aisle, with specified seat numbers in three different sections, “on top of the Hengelkammer” (meaning one hanging from the ceiling gallery ), "below" and "in the abgekleideten place". In the same year the house of the Holzvogts in Hanerau was built.
In 1799 the Danish king sold the remnants of Hanerau that had remained after the land consolidation, this time to Johann Wilhelm Mannhardt from Württemberg , who "made the estate very beautiful". Also from 1799 is a sketch entitled “The courtyard of the aristocratic chancellery Hanerau”.
1800 to 1849
Around 1800, Hanerau only included the water mill , an inn, which also functioned as a customs house , and the house of the wood bailiff . After the of Württemberg had moved Johann Wilhelm Mannhardt (14 February 1760 to 20 November 1831) with his wife Anna, nee van der Smissen (November 8, 1771 to September 20, 1843), in 1799 the remaining space of the original greater good, bought land - and operated forestry and founded a colony with craftsmen recruited from his homeland, the place Hanerau itself arose there. A cloth factory and other industries were also set up, but they soon had to be closed again because France under Napoleon a continental trade ban (1806 –1814) against British goods in order to try to ruin Great Britain economically by means of such an embargo .
1803 had Hademarschen 478 and Hanerau 55 inhabitants. In the entire "Gut Hanerau", ie the parishes of Hademarschen and Aasbüttel and Bokhorst, lived 1,704 people.
In 1804 the shop of the schumacher Popp was founded in Hademarschen.
In 1805, the forest cemetery in Hanerau was laid out by JW Mannhardt in the style of the Moravian Brethren . Another peculiarity was that the usual family graves were not set up here, but the burial was carried out separately according to sex, as can only be found once again in Jutland / Denmark.
In 1807, JW Mannhardt set up a savings and loan fund especially for his estate employees and factory workers, which existed until 1872. It was practically a family business, the head of which was the respective landowner.
From 1810, the times were worse again for Hanerau and Hademarschen. The Danish king had been allied with Napoleon France, who ruled large parts of Europe, since 1807 , and after he was defeated in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813 , troops of the victorious Swedes and Russians invaded the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which belong to the Danish state. Hademarschen was also haunted by Cossacks in 1813/14 who used the village church as a hospital and, according to oral tradition, as a horse stable. The subsequent national bankruptcy of Denmark was also felt by Schleswig-Holstein, and only from around 1830 onwards did Hademarschen's economy improve again.
In 1814 a fire destroyed almost 20 buildings in Hademarschen. From the same year there is a “Charte von dem Gute Hanerau, compiled, scaled down and drawn by Nicolaus Hedde”, on which Hademarschen is drawn with its individual farms and associated fields, as well as the surrounding forests.
In 1816, Dr. Mannhardt opened a hand-held pharmacy in Hanerau "with royal permission". In the same year, the churchyard in Hademarschen was leveled and linden trees were planted.
In 1822 the industrial school set up for the factories in Hanerau that had already closed again was converted into a "district school".
The year 1823 was written on the tower clock of the Hademarsch church, which, however, had already been donated by the Danish king to the owner of the Hanerau estate in 1780.
Around 1830, the national idea found its way into Schleswig-Holstein, and in 1848 the Schleswig-Holsteiners rose against the rule of the Danish king, with which they had been quite satisfied for almost 400 years. The uprising ended in 1850 with the defeat in the battle of Idstedt , where several Hademarscher died. The duchies remained in the Danish state association until 1864.
From 1835 to 1837 a new mansion was built at Gut Hanerau in the classical style by Hinrich Gysbert Mannhardt, and around 1860 a new barn, now known as the “Old Barn”.
In 1841 Hademarschen counted "apart from the apartments of the preacher and the organist, 49 farm positions, 10 cathes with and 15 cathes without land". The number of inhabitants was 769, including "5 Kruger , 2 brewers ( of beer ), 2 distillers ( of schnapps ), 3 Höker ( traders ) and almost all kinds of craftsmen". In addition there were the “parish villages” and single farmsteads of the parish, Aasbüttel (in part), Beldorf, Bendorf, Bokelhoop, Bokhorst, Fischerhütte, Grossen- and Lütjen-Bornholt, Grünenthal, Hanerau, Hohenhörn, Holstenthor, Jarsdorf, Keller, Lerchenfeld, Liesbüttel , Lohmühle, Oersdorf, Oldenbüttel, Pemeln, Rickelshörn, Schnittlohe, Spann, Steenfeld, Thaden, Trotzenburg and Wilhelmshain (all in the spelling of the time). The school in Hademarschen had two teachers who looked after 170 children in only two classes.
In 1841 Hanerau consisted of 23 residential buildings and 12 outbuildings, excluding the main buildings of the estate, the Lerchenfeld farm and the Wilhelmshain residential building, and had 258 residents, including the court clerk and a doctor, pharmacist, forester, baker, cooper , mason, and wheel maker . Blacksmith, glazier, carpenter, shoemaker, tailor, dyer , weaver , bleacher , tanner , saddler , basket maker and "several privatizing persons". At that time the water mill and the only inn in Hanerau were manorial leases. The surrounding villages of Beldorf (excluding Grünental), Bokhorst, Bokelhoop, Fischerhütte, Hademarschen, Jarsdorf, Liesbüttel, Oldenbüttel, Pemeln, Schnittlohe, Steenfeld and Thaden were "compulsory" for the estate.
In 1843 the "Hademarscher Liedertafel " was founded by the organist of the church and main teacher of the school, Joachim Brütt, and eleven Hademarschern, including farmers, merchants and craftsmen. Brütt was also the first conductor of the choral society, at that time still called "Director". After him, the conductors changed very often, mostly musicians, including another organist, until finally the teacher Fritz Tennig conducted continuously from 1927 to 1952. The first chronicle was unfortunately lost, but existing documents date from 1860. At that time there were 36 active singers and 44 supporting members, such as the owner of Gut Hanerau, Dr. Wachs, and the pastor of the parish, Provost Treplin. The first song festival took place on May 28, 1868 in a wood. From 1893, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary, there is a photo with all active members and important supporters. The second club flag, which was made for the occasion, can be seen in the background, and in the foreground is a lyre typical of that time . The club celebrated its 70th birthday in 1913, one year before the outbreak of the First World War . During the war the club life was idle. Three members did not return from this war. The 100th anniversary was celebrated in a modest setting in the middle of World War II. The Liedertafel feels obliged to the old tradition and is still an indispensable part of the cultural scene in Hanerau-Hademarschen.
The First Schleswig War took place from 1848 to 1851. The reason was the Schleswig-Holstein question about the national affiliation of the Duchy of Schleswig. The German Schleswig-Holsteiners invoked the Treaty of Ripen and the connection between Schleswig and Holstein, while the Danish National Liberals invoked the connection between Schleswig and Denmark and the Eider border. Federal troops fought against the Danish troops under Prussian command. On July 2, 1850, the Peace of Berlin was finally concluded between the German Confederation and Denmark.
The son of the first Mannhardt in Hanerau, Wilhelm (January 29, 1800 to December 31, 1890), founded the Mannhardt Boys' Institute. In addition, there was a secondary school for girls in Mannhardtstrasse at a later date.
1850 to 1870
In 1854 Johannes Storm (1824–1906) founded his wood trading company and later added a sawmill. He was the six years younger brother of the writer Theodor Storm , who lived in Hademarschen from 1880 to 1888. Johannes Storm's first house was designed by the well-known architect Claudius, a grandson of the Holstein-born poet Matthias Claudius .
On July 23, 1856, the Constabel printing house was founded in Hanerau, and in 1895 it was relocated to Hademarschen. The photographer Gotthilf Constabel left behind a large part of the 19th century photos of the place, which were printed as postcards and sent all over the world.
The year 1857 is written on the house of the old grain water mill in Hanerau, which is, however, several hundred years older, with a certain founding year of 1630, but probably much earlier. The mill, with an overshot water wheel 3 m in diameter, can still be grinded today and the technical equipment is still complete.
From 1857 to 1895 Colonel (military doctor) Dr. Hans Heinrich Wachs landlord on Hanerau. Among other things, he was a member of the district council of the Rendsburg district, the Schleswig-Holstein provincial council and a deputy member of the provincial committee. Between 1873 and 1879 he was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives. One of his grandchildren, Dr. Otto Wachs was the spokesman for the board of the Hamburg-America Line (Hapag) shipping company in Hamburg for a short time until the beginning of 1959 .
In 1860, according to the census, Hademarschen had 948 inhabitants, Hanerau 333. Hademarschen had doubled its population in a good 50 years, and Hanerau had become a real village.
On October 16, 1862, the first public savings bank, as the "Hademarscher Spar- und Leihkassen-Verein", was founded by twelve influential and wealthy Hademarschers (including the four larger farmers Hans Struve, 1808–1887, Hans Christian Spiecker, 1811–1888, Peter Nottelmann, 1823–1908 and Daniel Feldhusen, 1816–1888), whose statute was dated October 21, 1862 by the squire Dr. Wax were officially approved and on November 1, 1862, with the first seat in "Tiessens Gasthof" (1862–1873), began its activity. The model was based on the savings banks established in England at the end of the 18th century with the aim of encouraging lower income groups to save and improving their living conditions. An excerpt from the statutes said: "... intended for every resident ..., but especially children, servants and day laborers, craftsmen, journeymen and apprentices to give their savings with her safe and interest-bearing ... Any amount, however small it is, will accepted by the cash register. ”According to the same statutes, all surpluses of the Sparkasse had to be used for charitable purposes, and the twelve founders' initial injections of 50 Reichstalers each did not earn interest. These 600 thalers, equivalent to 1800 marks, were to serve as a reserve fund and only be paid back after the fund had reached its own assets of 500 thalers. The initial interest rate for customer deposits was 3 1/8% per year, ie 1 1/2 shillings interest was paid on one thaler (one thaler = 3 marks; one mark = 16 shillings). The interest rate for short-term loans was 5% and for longer-term loans 4%. It was customary to name a guarantor for requested loans. The directors worked for free, and the cashier, who was available seven days a week, received no salary or other allowances for the first ten years of his service. The surpluses of the Sparkasse flowed into improvements of the place itself, such as the first street lighting with 14 oil lamps (1873) at 125 marks, as well as their maintenance (100 marks annually), after one had previously made use of hand lanterns, one managed 1879 a cattle scale for the train station, which was sold to the railway in 1892, and the school and church in town received financial support in many matters. General meetings of all members were held four times a year. Unexcused absence was punished with a "fraction" (fine) of one mark, 8 shillings. The first massive "fireproof money box" made in Hamburg-Altona made of forged and riveted iron, with beautiful decorations and two padlocks, to which the director and the cashier only had one key, is still in the custody of the local savings bank and can can be visited there.
In 1862 the Itzehoe - Hanerau section of the Landstrasse coming from Hamburg was completed and in 1863 it was also paved in the entire course of Hademarschens, which was later connected to the Albersdorf - Heide road and corresponded to the future Reichstrasse (from 1937), later Bundesstrasse 204. In the course of the work, the Chaussee, apart from the cobblestones, was "macadamized", ie built from a thick layer of chopped stones according to the Scotsman McAdam's method , and was considered "highly modern" at the time. Previously, today's "Landweg" was the overland road through Hademarschen. Today's L 316, which replaced the B 204 in this course, runs for more than 3.5 km through one of the longest road villages in Germany.
In 1863 Pastor Hans Lorenz Andreas Vent (born April 10, 1785 in Hademarschen, † April 21, 1879 in Itzehoe) retired. He had been preaching to the Hademarschern since 1815, after his father, Hans Hinrich Vent, had already served as pastor in Hademarschen from 1778 to 1814. The younger Vent became known nationwide and wrote a number of relevant books on evangelical theological topics between 1818 and 1834, including in 1826 the ten-volume "Luther's works in a selection taking into account the needs of the time". On his 50th anniversary in 1861 he was appointed consistorial councilor. He was buried in Hademarschen.
In 1864 the master baker Johann Wilhelm Stotz founded the company JW Stotz. There was a bakery in the house and there was a small trade in grain and animal feed.
1864 was a decisive year for Hanerau-Hademarschen when the German-Danish War, also called Second Schleswig War / Second Schleswig-Holstein War (as opposed to the First War 1848-1851), took place from February 1 to October 30. It was the military conflict over Schleswig-Holstein, but above all over the Duchy of Schleswig, between the German Confederation with Prussia and Austria on the one hand and the Kingdom of Denmark on the other. The most famous events were the abandonment of the Danewerk by the Danes, which had been established over a period of more than 500 years and had protected Denmark from attacks from the south for more than 1,300 years, as well as the naval battle of Helgoland , which also included the Austrian Navy under Admiral Tegetthoff participated, in which, however, the Danes had the upper hand. Another outstanding event of the war was the storming of the Düppeler Schanzen on April 18, 1864. The war, from which the Germans and Austrians emerged victorious, is also considered to be the first of the three German wars of unification and which resulted in a further expansion of the Prussian state.
In 1867, Schleswig and Holstein, after they had been separated from the old Danish state in 1864, became the Prussian "Province of Schleswig-Holstein" (whose name was retained until 1918) and the parish of Hademarschen part of the newly formed Prussian district of Rendsburg . In the same year the Hanerau estate lost jurisdiction to the new district court in Schenefeld (today in the Steinburg district ). The eventful German and Danish history of Hademarschens of the previous centuries can also be traced by studying the postal history of Holstein .
In 1868 the levying of road tolls (" road toll ") , which had already been granted by the Danish king in 1637, was discontinued at the customs office in the tavern at the mill pond in Hanerau.
In 1869 the miller Hans Friedrich Rau left the leased watermill in Hanerau after the local mill obligation was lifted and built his own grain windmill in the center of Hademarschen. The execution was a plinth floor Dutchman , as is known from other places in northern Germany. Soon after the First World War , the mill was partially electrified and operated by the Rau family, more with electricity and less with wind, until the 1960s. After the mill was decommissioned and the final demolition, the dentist Michael Mittl built a practice on the property there in the late 1980s, which he ran until 2012. When the house was being built, partial foundations and some equipment from the old mill were found. The street is still called Mühlenweg.
In 1870 the "Manufactur, Colonial and Stoneware" business was founded by Hans Struve on the market square. It was the first real department store in the area. The business premises of the Sparkasse were relocated here in 1886. The shop, which has been in operation for almost 100 years, was, so to speak, the “center” of the place; there was hardly a Hademarsch postcard at that time that did not show the special building.
1871 to 1899
In 1871, Hademarschen with Rendsburg and Schleswig and Holstein, as parts of Prussia , fell to the new German Empire, a significantly larger economic area for the entire region compared to the previous affiliation to Denmark, with which a significant economic upswing began.
After 1871 a stagecoach ("Schimmelpost") ran from the Imperial Post Office in Hanerau to Itzehoe , 27 km away , which took mail and passengers with it. The departure was at 8 a.m. from Hanerau, and after changing the draft horses in Itzehoe, she returned to Hanerau punctually at 6 p.m.
The watchmaker's shop Feldhusen was founded in 1874 and was run by four generations of master watchmakers, most recently by Richard Feldhusen , for 132 years until 2006. Richard Feldhusen, born on August 11, 1929 in Hademarschen, was elected mayor of Hanerau-Hademarschen from 1982 to 1994, as well as chairman of the sports and soccer club "Merkur" from 1982 to 1988, which he already joined as a ten-year-old in 1939, from 1951 to Worked as a youth manager in 1976 and as a youth coach from 1976 to 1982, and was honorary chairman of the club from 1988 until his death in October 2013. From 1957 to 1974 he was an active member of the Hademarschen volunteer fire brigade, during those many years involved in the extinguishing of countless fires in the area of responsibility, but also in neighboring communities, and was an honorary member from 1974.
Starting in 1875, a sum was donated annually by the Sparkasse to raise the level of horse breeding for the “fill show”. Excellent horses are still bred in Hanerau-Hademarschen and the surrounding area today.
On April 20, 1876, the roof of the Hademarsch Church was destroyed by lightning , the bell tower was damaged and 40 window panes were broken. The force is said to have been so strong that “the roof shingles were hurled down onto Kaiserstrasse and Totenweg”.
In 1876 the Westholsteinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was granted the concession to build a single-track, 63 km long route from Neumünster to Heide . On August 22, 1877, the first section of the "Westbahn" was put into operation and Hanerau-Hademarschen received its own station along the line, which still exists today and is regularly served. Large earth movements were avoided during the construction, so that the railway workers soon spoke of the "mountain and valley railway". When a large number of spectators turned up for the inauguration, an old woman who watched the steam locomotive from Gokels work its way up the mountain said: “Mag gor ni seen like dat arme tier sik affquälen mutt.” On July 1, 1890, the train was opened nationalized and merged with the Prussian State Railways . From December 1892 the line to Heide could be continued, as the Grünentaler high bridge over the Kiel Canal, which was under construction, was completed. As early as November 1883, an extension of a branch line from Heide to Büsum was put into operation. Steam locomotives were used on the line until the early 1960s.
In 1879 the joinery, later the furniture factory, Johs. Bruss founded.
In 1880 Theodor Storm described how he built a villa here as a retirement home (he had a brother who was six years his junior and who already lived in Hademarschen and ran a wood shop there) and from 1880 until his death on July 4, 1888 in Hanerau-Hademarschen lived the place in one sentence as follows: "... a large, green church village, near a graceful place, which includes a manor." According to his own admission, the writer spent "happy days" here. During these eight years he wrote several poems and the following eleven complete short stories :
- The Mr Budget Council (1880–81)
- Hans and Heinrich Kirch (1881–82)
- Silence (1882–83)
- To the chronicle of Grieshuus (1883–84)
- There were two royal children (1884)
- John Riew (1884-85)
- A feast on Haderslevhuus (1885)
- Bötjer Basch (1885–86)
- A doppelganger (1886)
- A Confession (1887)
- Der Schimmelreiter (1886-88), his most famous novella,
- also, as a draft, "Sylt Novelle" (1887),
- as well as, fragmented, “The poor sinners bell” (1888).
Theodor Storm was buried in his birthplace, Husum , 46 km from Hanerau-Hademarschen . Both places, Husum and Hanerau-Hademarschen, are very proud of "their" Theodor Storm. The main street leading to Hanerau was named Hademarschen's Theodor-Storm-Straße in his honor.
The Hademarschen volunteer fire brigade was founded on March 9, 1884 at the suggestion of the Mosbach railway station administrator. J. signed 41 men to active duty, plus 77 passive members.
In 1885 the first dairy farm was opened by v. Destinon founded. The building, located directly opposite the train station, was originally built by the Sparkasse and intended as a post office for faster mail delivery to and from the train. However, the project was rejected by the Oberpostdirektion, which preferred to continue operating the old post office built in Hanerau on Gutsland in 1865. 1885 was also the founding year for the Brandenburg store in Kaiserstraße. In 1886 the mill owner Hans Friedrich Rau, who had managed the local savings bank for 13 years, died.
In 1888, after the loss of jurisdiction in 1867, the Hanerau estate also lost the other authorities to the new administrative districts of Hademarschen and Oersdorf, which are part of the Hademarschen parish . In the same year the municipalities of Hanerau and Hademarschen came into being.
In 1888 the gymnastics club "Vorwärts" was founded. The first minutes are dated April 17, 1895, when the statutes were drawn up, the association elected a board and also had a small marching band with whistlers and drummers. On this day it was decided, among other things, that “a drum stick with brass ball and point, yellow stick and blue-white-red cords as well as swallow nests and a cross pipe with nickel-silver fittings and flaps ” should be bought, as well as devices “1 bar and 3 Dumbbells with a wrought iron handle ”. As can be seen from old photos, the dumbbells were oversized heavy iron balls with a bow-like handle, which were mostly lifted individually. Only the really strong could handle two at the same time. There was also a mattress filled with seaweed . The membership fee was 20 pfennigs a month for active members and 50 pfennigs a quarter for passive members. As early as January 12, 1896, the gymnastics club had 90 members, 16 of them young (up to 18 years of age). At the same time the cash balance was 20.90 marks. At the celebrations of the association "decency and good manners " were always respected. Entry for men was 1 mark, for women 50 pfennigs. The statutes said for this kind of occasion: "Avoid dancing to the left!" A photo from 1894 shows the former members of the “Vorwärts” association, with a picture of “gymnastics father” Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in the background. In 1898 a flag was worked for the association in Wesselburen , and on June 26 of the same year the 17th Gauturn Festival of Schleswig-Holstein Westgau was held in Hademarschen.
In 1888 two of the founders of the Hademarscher Sparkasse, Hans Christian Spiecker and Daniel Feldhusen, died. In the same year, the deposits at the Sparkasse already exceeded the million mark (it was now calculated in marks and pennies ).
In 1891/92 the Grünentaler Hochbrücke was built over the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal , which was not yet completed at the time . It was a riveted sickle arch construction. The two pairs of brick bridge towers at both ends were 16 meters high, measured from the roadway. For the construction of the dams for the road and railway line , almost two million cubic meters of earth were brought in by trains with 30 dump trucks each (three cubic meters each). In December 1892, the railway was able to pass the new bridge for the first time. The railroad track ran in the middle of the road bridge. For this reason, the bridge had to be temporarily closed to road traffic by bilateral barriers for rail traffic. Previously there had been alternative plans with ten different tours for the canal, including from the Port of Hamburg directly to Lübeck , until the Brunsbüttel - Kiel route with a total length of 98.26 km finally prevailed.
During the construction of the canal from June 3, 1887 to June 20, 1895, the village of Hademarschen experienced a great economic boom. One reason was the workers employed in the construction phase of the parish, some of whom came from far away parts of the empire and who stocked up on all their clothing and food needs in the village, which meant large increases in sales for the local craftsmen and merchants. Many of them stayed in Hademarschen, so that the population increased from 930 to 1412 between 1875 and 1897. Also Hanerau had grown to 460 residents, including 44 in Gutsbezirk and 416 in the village, and the entire office Hademarschen with all its villages counted 3,083 inhabitants, with an area of 4531 hectares , of which the Gutsbezirk Hanerau accounted for 540 ha. The other reason was the compensation paid by the state to the local farmers, sometimes quite high, for the land given for the construction of the canals. In particular, the farmers from the villages of Großen- and Lütjenbornholt bordering the canal increased their payments to the Hademarscher Sparkasse.
The Hanerau, the tributary of the Eider , was separated from the Eider by the construction of what was later renamed the Kiel Canal and has been flowing into the canal ever since.
In 1892 the pastor August Wilhelm Martin Treplin , who worked in Hademarschen from 1872 to 1917, was appointed provost of the Rendsburg provost .
In 1892/93, many roadsides around the town were planted with chestnuts , which in the following years turned out to be beautiful avenues and which were the pride of the residents. In the spring, Hademarschen was therefore “immersed in a sea of flowers” every year, and this or that horse passing underneath might have picked up a “little treat” every now and then in autumn.
In 1893 the businessman Claus Struve, with the approval of the Sparkasse, acquired the paddock "Mang ( = between ) de Bargen" in the west of Hademarschen , which included the highest elevation in the parish. The name came from the semicircular group of large barrows . The purpose of this purchase was the creation of a park for the population, especially since that place was particularly suitable for public facilities due to the distant view in all directions. In 1894 the Sparkasse commissioned the landscape gardener Gustav Peperkorn from Schenefeld to create the park. The gymnastics club “Vorwärts” also “exercised” here. This created the nucleus of the later extensive sports facilities "on the mountains". Johann Rohwedder was employed to supervise and keep it clean, and he made a great contribution to the beautification of the park.
In 1899 the Hademarscher Spar- und Leihkasse, founded as a non-profit association, was converted into a stock corporation. The extensive grants and donations to previously beneficiaries, such as schools, churches and parishes, were, however, continued, which almost resulted in a tax exemption. It was only after the First World War that more taxes were paid, beginning in 1925: an amount of 400 Reichsmarks.
In his memoirs at the turn of the century in 1899/1900, a contemporary witness who had been a choir student of the church wrote that it had long been customary for " girls to sing at weddings and the boys in the choir at funerals ".
1900 to 1913
Hanerau-Hademarschen flourished economically, especially at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, immediately after the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal was completed , which led to a rapid increase in population. While the farms continued to form the economic backbone of the place, more and more craftsmen and commercial establishments, such as department stores, in which all products and objects of daily use as well as imported luxury goods could be bought.
The following are excerpts from advertisements in the local newspaper "Landpost", some of which are curious from today's perspective, but which convey a moral picture from the time around the turn of the century, 1899/1900:
- The undersigned have two unlicensed one year old bulls for sale.
- For sale a black and white bull calf and good piglets.
- For sale a skinny sow and 3 large piglets.
- Farmer's son, z. Currently a student at an agricultural school, is looking for a job with family membership and salary in April.
- Older man wanted as a fodder for pigs and oxen.
- Vigilant, keen dog, preferably German shepherd to buy immediately. You can also swap a good hunting dog for an equally vigilant one.
- To sell a car and 2 large pulling dogs .
- Run in: a large steel-blue dog with a collar and no name. To be collected against reimbursement of costs.
- Lost: a 1 1/4 year old bull, red with a little white.
- "Simson horse halter" significantly improved and stronger.
- "Satruper cattle washing powder" to have in all pharmacies.
- Wash your cattle with "Wasmuth's Viehwaschessenz".
- Linseed oil, floor oil, rapeseed oil, machine oil, oil, car grease, leather grease.
- Tarpaulin oil for waterproofing fabrics.
- Linseed, hemp seed, canary seed, green bird seed.
- Different systems of beet cutting machines, very practical.
- Wooden shoes of well-known quality and at low prices.
- Hanging, table, wall and hand lamps in new tasteful patterns, all with strong burners, particularly strong stable and wagon lanterns.
- Sewing machines for hand and foot operation from the world-famous sewing machine factory Dietrich Altenburg.
- New arrivals: large selection of regulators and cantilever chairs , alarm clocks.
- From the best, the best at the cheapest daily prices: shipping of the finest Holstein table butter.
- To have fresh Madeira grapes.
- “Babyfreude” is the best and cheapest child's feeding bottle to use. Advantages: no more sucking the teat, swallowing and suffocating the baby.
- From the dental artist: Artificial teeth, perfect fit guaranteed, reworking of unsuitable dentures. Tooth extractions also painless. Rubber suction bits without surcharge.
- On Sunday, December 15th, my shop is open until 6 p.m.
- Announcement: Tax collection for the 3rd quarter will not take place on November 11th.
Hanerau and Hademarschen had been independent communities since 1888. However, at the turn of the century, 1899/1900, both places had already grown together through development. There was also the Hanerau manor district.
On July 22, 1900, the folk festival, which has been held annually since then, was held on the Hademarschen mountains for the first time.
In 1902 the thatched Hotel Feldhusen, located directly on the market square, burned down. The subsequent new building, with a hard roof as a roof, burned down again in 1925.
On January 1, 1903, Bahnhofstrasse, originally laid out by the farmer Joh. Hinrich Nottelmann from the dairy to the train station, became the property of the community.
As early as 1903 the telephone directory had 22 numbers for the districts of Hanerau and Hademarschen, as well as one number each for Bendorf, Gokels, Fischerhütte and Oldenbüttel. Five of the 26 phone numbers belonged to public houses. The first transmission lines between major German cities had only been laid 20 years earlier. The switching was done manually via a telephone exchange .
From around 1903, electricity was generated in Hademarschen by a private company. The power plant was built by Neufeldt & Kuhnke, Kiel, burned down after a year and was rebuilt.
Revised originals of cadastral maps no. 12 to 15 from 1878 exist from 1904 and show the center of Hademarschen and the location of all buildings and districts .
On May 2, 1904, the “Agricultural Housekeeping School” was inaugurated after only eight months of construction. It was created by a resolution of the Chamber of Agriculture in 1903. 75,000 marks were estimated for the construction and the entire interior. It was also called the “colonial school” until the First World War, and since then, and continues to do so, the “rural women’s school”, which is still run as a boarding school today. The imposing and architecturally interesting building is the largest of its kind in the wider area. The school became known nationwide for its pupils, known as the “blue tits”, who take part in the International Green Week in Berlin every year .
In 1906 the Hademarsch church was extensively renovated and the interior was embellished,
From 1907 to 1914, the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal (now the Kiel Canal ) was widened. In the Grünenthal section near Hademarschen alone, between 500 and 600 workers were employed.
In 1909, after the formation of a cooperative, a new building was built for the secondary school for girls in Bahnhofstrasse. But as early as 1912, the reorganization of the secondary school system in Prussia on February 3, 1910 gave rise to converting the girls' school into "upper classes in the elementary school". At the beginning there were two school classes. The third class was set up at Easter 1913. The school fee was 100 marks for the first year, 120 marks for the second and 140 marks for the third year.
In 1910 it was agreed between the Hademarscher Turnverein “Vorwärts” and the teachers of the local school that “Tuesday and Friday should be free of school so that the advanced training students could take part in gymnastics lessons”.
A detailed map of the Elbe estuary from 1910 shows Hademarschen and Hanerau as two separate villages.
On June 15, 1911, the memorial in honor of Dr. Johannes Mannhardt (June 15, 1840 to June 14, 1909) was inaugurated. After studying and as a war volunteer in France in 1870/71, where he earned the Iron Cross, he was a teacher at various grammar schools before he took over the management of the Mannhardt Boys' Institute in Hanerau, which his father had founded in 1877. He was a highly talented teacher and was considered a particularly popular and revered teacher among his students, who set him the monument.
On the occasion of the folk festival in 1911, an aircraft was demonstrated for the first time in Hademarschen. However, contemporary witnesses reported that "apart from a lot of engine noise and a few hops in the field, there was not much to see". Thereupon a butcher and a carpenter wanted "to the pilot's skin", but could be "held back" by third parties.
In February 1913 around 40 sewer workers in Ebel's inn in Grünenthal founded the SPD local association Hademarschen. The association was dissolved in 1933 due to the Enabling Act of March 24th and revived in the summer of 1945.
In the summer of 1913 "SV Merkur" was founded as a football club. In the years that followed, many disciplines were added, such as the “Homarscher Deerns”, a traditional costume group for folk dances, and after the Second World War also volleyball, taekwondo, chess, badminton, a gymnastics group and swimming, which developed into a versatile sports club that is still today exists and enjoys great participation.
1914 to 1938
In 1914, the number of students at the middle school, which was only built in 1909 (but only called this since February 1, 1926) had already risen to 82, and it was decided to build a new building. Due to the onset of World War I, the difficult years that followed and the later Second World War, the project was delayed for decades. From November 11, 1929 it was called Theodor Storm School.
The high school students from Hanerau-Hademarschen attended the Realschule, founded in 1903 ( converted into an Oberrealschule from 1908 , called Werner-Heisenberg- Gymnasium from 1957 , but whose early roots go back to 1778) in Heide, 24 km away, and usually took the train from the station Hademarschen. Werner Heisenberg was a well-known German physicist and Nobel Prize winner of the 20th century. Of the cohorts born around the First World War, for example 1915, only around 1% of all children and young people attended grammar school. About 30 years later it was already 4%, i.e. 1 in 25. A pupil from Hademarschen who had gradually skipped three grades due to his performance, became "due to insufficient maturity" before his final school year (he was two heads shorter than his Classmates) set back a year. Otherwise he would have been the only high school graduate in Germany in 1932 at the age of only 16; in 1933 he was 17 years old, one of three. At first, boys and girls were taught in separate classes; later these were combined.
In the First World War (1914-1918) 180 soldiers lost from the parish Hanerau-Hademarschen their lives.
Immediately after the First World War, all the trees on the town's main street, an impressive, continuous avenue of chestnut trees, were felled to widen the street, which deprived the long-standing townscape of much of its formerly typical character. The street named after the writer Theodor Storm , who lived and worked in the town from 1880 to 1888, was the first in the town to be covered with an asphalt surface in 1932.
In 1921, the Hademarscher Elektrizitätswerk was taken over by the master electrician Berthold Schulz, who had moved from Brake an der Weser, and after a machine explosion on September 1, 1926, it was modernized by converting gas piston engines to diesel generators. Direct current was produced, which could be stored in comprehensive battery systems (aquarium-like glass vessels with lead plates in them, separated from each other by thin glass tubes and filled with dilute sulfuric acid) and, if required, additionally fed into the network, via which the entire Parish with all associated villages was supplied. At that time, a “workers' household” had to pay a monthly electricity bill of 50 to 75 pfennigs, a “large farmer” 1.50 to 2.50 Reichsmarks. The difference resulted from a typically single 30-watt to 100-watt light bulb in the living room.
In 1923, when Germany was hit by hyperinflation , an eyewitness reported that “because the aforementioned individual electricity bill now amounted to billions of Reichsmarks , the electric utility owner had a trailer behind his car to collect the monthly electricity money to let. The counting of the income was carried out exclusively according to tied 100 billion packages, which were brought to the local shop on the same day to buy goods in kind, which the workers of the electrical works were paid with instead of money. Only one day later there would have been only half the goods for the same money ”. The same contemporary witness reported that at that time "a train ticket from Hamburg to Bremen cost five billion Reichsmarks, the same price as a chicken egg."
When the Hademarscher Liedertafel celebrated its 80th anniversary in 1923, a net profit of "2 million 154 thousand 150 marks" was made, and in view of the inflation, the conductor's salary had to be set at half a pound of butter per evening of practice. In the crisis years 1923/24, the residents of the village, as well as the local savings bank, lost all of their cash assets.
In 1925 the "Hademarschen Brick Factory" was founded.
On January 6, 1928, the “Hubertus” hunting club was founded in Hademarschen, named after St. Hubertus , the patron saint of hunters.
In 1928 the Hanerau manor district was abolished.
In the extreme winter of 1928/29 (which later turned out to be the coldest of the 20th century), when temperatures as low as minus 30 degrees were measured in Germany and all bodies of water, such as the great rivers Danube, Oder, Rhine, Weser and Elbe, also frozen over Coasts on the North and Baltic Seas, the Kiel Canal was also covered with an impenetrable layer of ice. Shipping traffic came to a complete standstill.
The “Guide through Hademarschen-Hanerau”, printed in 1930, speaks of “climatic health resort and summer resort” and names a population of around 2500 for the twin town .
Already in 1930 the telephone numbers in the village were three-digit (identified up to 236), which speaks for an unusually high telephone density for a rural area of this type and a place with 2500 inhabitants. This is presumably mainly due to the lively commercial activity of such a central location, but also to the wealth of the inhabitants accumulated in the 'good years'. At that time, the telephone calls were still handled by hand. The town also had its own newspaper, “Die Landpost”, which appeared three times a week.
Trains on the Neumünster-Heide line ran five times a day, four of which also carried mail. In 1930 there were seven bank and savings bank branches in Hanerau and Hademarschen. Despite the comparatively low car traffic at that time, there were several petrol stations in town, repair shops, even a “private driving school” and a “car rental for local and long-distance journeys day and night”, another “with closed 6-seater cars and Fast trucks ”. Of the many inns and hotels, some advertised with “electric lighting systems”, “large-scale music transmission systems” and the like.
In 1931 the Stotz farm burned down. In 1932, the local volunteer fire brigade received its first modern motorized sprayer thanks to a thousand Reichsmarks donated by the Sparkasse.
In the early 1930s, when extreme political parties in particular gained more and more popularity in the wake of the global economic crisis and the resulting hardship, Hanerau-Hademarschen also split into hostile camps, some of which split up during this "time of struggle", which many sides called it illegally armed. For example, an elderly woman on Theodor-Storm-Strasse, who was probably neither clear about the political orientation nor about the possible consequences, was persuaded to store rifles under the floorboards of her house “just in case”. In the end, however, common sense prevailed and there was no major fighting or even bloodshed among the residents of the village.
In 1936 the power station and the entire network were sold to the power distribution company Schleswag and, except for the network, shut down. The building can still be seen today at Bahnhofstrasse 18. There are also substation houses from that time, for example on Bismarckstrasse near the train station.
On April 1, 1938, the municipalities of Hanerau and Hademarschen, which had been separate since 1888, were merged in accordance with the German municipal code issued on January 30, 1935 . There had been many votes against in both districts, but you had to obey the law. On the other hand, by submitting information to the Upper President in Kiel, contrary to the applicable regulations, it was possible to obtain both place names and to combine them in the official spelling with an otherwise generally undesirable hyphen to "Hanerau-Hademarschen".
1939 to 1949
From 1942, in the course of the Second World War , the place resembled an "army camp". The German Wehrmacht set up their quarters here to protect the strategically important Grünentaler high bridge over the Kiel Canal (at that time still called Kaiser Wilhelm Canal). The anti-aircraft tower on the Hademarscher Mountains also dates from this time . More heavy anti-aircraft guns were positioned directly on the bridge.
In the Second World War (1939–1945), 200 soldiers from Hanerau-Hademarschen and the villages belonging to the parish were killed. A memorial was erected to them in the Hademarsch cemetery, which names the names of all those who fell, as well as those of the 180 soldiers who did not return home from the First World War.
Immediately after the end of the war, the place was briefly occupied by American and then British forces from May 1945. In the following years, Hanerau-Hademarschen, like all of Schleswig-Holstein, belonged to the British zone of occupation .
In the first years after the Second World War, in the course of the enormous influx of refugees and displaced persons from the east, Hanerau-Hademarschen also took in a large number of these people, partly because of official admissions, but mostly on a voluntary basis, which increases the population of the Place and the entire parish temporarily doubled. With 33% of the resident population, Schleswig-Holstein had the highest proportion of refugees of all three western occupation zones.
On May 1, 1948, 2216 residents and 2178 refugees were registered in Hanerau-Hademarschen, 4470 residents and 4478 newcomers in the entire parish. In the village of Bornholt there were 317 refugees for only 199 locals. For example, an elderly couple on Hademarscher Bahnhofstrasse granted four families or parties with a total of twelve people accommodation in three parts of their house, some of which lived there until 1961, with a typical monthly rent of five Reichsmarks for a spacious room with bathroom. Many of the refugees stayed in Hanerau-Hademarschen and the surrounding villages, became residents and their descendants grew up in a new home.
As early as 1947, an industrialist who had been driven out of Silesia was using the vacant premises of the former power station, founded the company Elektromechanik Rolf Heinemann KG and employed 80 people. According to the credo of the time “we make frying pans out of steel helmets”, “electric heating devices, small motors and hot air showers” were produced, i.e. various electrical household products, such as irons and hairdryers, as well as for industrial use, primarily from remaining materials from the war, if not from had been confiscated from the Allies. The irons were designed simplest, with in fireclay , and were cast heating coils, despite longevity, non-repairable in inoperability. A simple hair dryer with an aluminum housing and a coaxial rotor aligned with the airflow was also developed there for the first time by Heinz Johann Schulz, the son of the owner of the former electricity company, and built and marketed by this company. This required significantly less material than for the previously common models with a large paddle wheel acting in the direction of the air flow, and which already corresponded to the design common today, but was not applied for a patent in the years of the still-post-war confusion.
In 1947 Pastor Hans Wilhelm Treplin , who worked in Hademarschen until 1955, was appointed provost of the Rendsburg provost . In 1918 he succeeded his father August Wilhelm Martin Treplin as pastor, who had also been provost until his death in 1917.
In 1948 the former Kaiser Wilhelm Canal was renamed the Kiel Canal . In international traffic it has always been called the “ Kiel Canal ”.
On December 18, 1949, still “in the bad times”, the immediate post-war period, and as they were called in retrospect in the better economic years, the “Association for Trade, Crafts and Crafts Hanerau-Hademarschen e. V. ”, which started the economic recovery for Hanerau-Hademarschen. The first chairman was Franz Wegener and the monthly membership fee was one Deutsche Mark. Already in 1971, after the merger with the “local handicrafts”, more than 100 companies were members of the association. For the 25th anniversary in 1974 there were already 138. In addition to representing the interests of the members, the association is active in many issues of local life, organizes locally held trade fairs, organizes celebrations, supports young people and takes care of the beautification of the place . The association is now also active regionally and is in constant contact with several neighboring communities.
1950 to 1999
Hademarschen was always the central place for more than ten surrounding villages, was always very lively and, in addition to the good shopping opportunities in several large department stores and many other shops, with cafes, restaurants and hotels, offered a lot of entertainment, also for those passing through on the main road from Hamburg to Heide , Husum and Sylt . In 1955 there were still three cinemas in Hademarschen at the same time, each offering up to three performances on Sundays and public holidays, for example.
When Pastor Hans Wilhelm Treplin (1884–1982) retired in 1955 , whose father had been pastor of the town for many years, an era passed in Hademarschen : 83 long years, uninterrupted since 1872, had "a Pastor Treplin" in the church preached and accompanied baptisms, confirmations, weddings and funerals. Immediately afterwards, for the first time in the known history of the Hademarsch Church since 1560, there was a two-year vacancy without a pastor. Karl-Emil Schade held this office from 1957 to 1987 .
It was not until 1956/57 that the project of a new building for the Theodor Storm Middle School, which had been planned in 1914, could be realized on the former “pastors paddock” after two world wars had been overcome, but now as a complete school center, including the elementary school and the district vocational school. Also in 1957, the rural women's school received an extension. In addition, new residential areas were built (Hofkoppelweg, Brandheide, Heisern, Totenweg, am Batz) and finally the last streets of the village were paved. This changed the face of Hanerau-Hademarschen in the 1950s.
On January 11, 1968, the "Hademarschen Women's Choir" was formed, which indirectly traces its founding back to Theodor Storm . On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Storm's birthday in September 1967, the conductor of the "Hademarscher Liedertafel" and organist, Walter Wieben, set some of Storm's poems to music for a mixed choir in which women's voices were to be added to the men on the Liedertafel. After the successful celebration, the women decided to stay together and found the choir. Walter Wieben then acted here as a conductor from 1968 to 1981.
On September 25, 1968, the founding meeting of the first 32 members of the Hademarsch rifle club took place, in which the Chief Police Officer Rudolf Kühl was very helpful. In 1970 an air rifle hall was built. In view of administrative difficulties with the offices of the Rendsburg district, people went to practice for competitions on a rented shooting range in Dithmarschen. On the occasion of the folk festival in 1987, they presented themselves to the public for the first time in club attire, green jackets and black trousers.
In 1970/71 the rural women's school received an additional new school building.
In 1972/74 a spacious, completely new school center was built on “the mountains”.
The snow catastrophe in northern Germany in 1978 and again in February 1979, when all of Schleswig-Holstein was badly affected and all traffic came to a standstill for days and weeks , was somewhat mild for Hanerau-Hademarschen, despite the disaster alarm from February 13, 1979.
From May 18 to June 3, 1984 Hanerau-Hademarschen celebrated the anniversary weeks for
- 800 years of Hanerau Castle
- 350 years of the St. Vitus Rifle Guild
- 141 years of Hademarscher Liedertafel
- 100 years of volunteer fire brigade
- 50 years of fishing club
- 20 years shooting range
The Deputy District President Stadelbauer, District Administrator Bellmann, District Administrator Delfs and Mayor Richard Feldhusen congratulated .
Also in 1984 the "Heimatmuseum" was founded in Hademarschen and housed in the former school in the district of Kloster.
From 1984 to 1986 the almost 100-year-old arched bridge over the Kiel Canal near Grünental was replaced by a parallel truss-beam bridge that accommodates two road routes , the single-lane railway track on the Neumünster – Heide route, as well as cycle and footpaths. The construction comprises a three-span postless strut truss bridge made of steel with a total span of 405.16 meters. The new bridge is primarily a traffic improvement because it is now continuously passable, while the previous bridge had to be closed to road traffic by means of barriers for rail traffic. The total cost of all construction measures amounted to DM 78 million. 3,500 tons of steel were used for the bridge superstructure alone. The old bridge was torn down except for the foundations, which were converted into viewing platforms. The Grünentaler Hochbrücke, old and new, has been an attraction for visitors from near and far since 1892, not only because of the distant view of the surrounding area, but above all to see the sometimes very large ships passing underneath. The “ imperial eagle ” that adorned the old bridge is now a memorial in Hademarschen on the corner of Bergstrasse and Hafenstrasse.
1988 was also a special year for Hanerau-Hademarschen: nine anniversaries were honored and celebrated during the festival weeks from June 16 to July 4:
- 145 years of Hademarscher Liedertafel
- 100 years anniversary of Theodor Storm's death
- 100 years of gymnastics club "Forward"
- 75 years of the "Merkur" sports club
- 75 years of the SPD local association Hademarschen
- 60 years of the "Hubertus" hunting club
- 50 years of merging the municipalities of Hanerau and Hademarschen
- 20 years of women's choir Hademarschen
- 20 years of Hademarscher sport shooters.
On this occasion, the district president Struve, the district administrator Bellmann and the mayor Richard Feldhusen congratulated .
21st century
On the night of December 27, 2003, the St. Severin Church in Hademarschen was completely destroyed in a devastating fire. The church had been the center of the town for about 800 years and had survived many storms over the centuries and a large number of wars.
It was significantly renovated in 1963/64. Shortly before the fire, a new, donated church window was installed, which, together with the two other beautiful lead glass windows, which were over a hundred years old, was destroyed in the great heat of the fire. In addition to old paintings, noble coats of arms, carved cheeks from 1584, which were only found again during the renovation in 1963/64, beautiful wood paneling on the gallery parapet, memorial plaques for the fallen of the place, the baptismal table from 1883 and many other church utensils such as crucifixes and heavy Gothic bronze candlesticks, the tower clock from 1823 also went up in flames. A particularly large loss was the wooden pulpit created in Rendsburg by the famous woodcarver Hans Peper in 1618 , which also left other important works in important churches, such as the Meldorfer Cathedral in 1603 and in the Rendsburg Marienkirche in 1621. According to an old record, it was "the most beautiful pulpit in the wider area". It bore the following inscription in High German: "In honor of Godt and Royal Majesty, this pulpit is set up by the support of the strict noble Ernstfesten Baltzer (Balthasar) von Alefelt, royal council bailiff on Rensburg, and the solemn fortress Manhaft Marquart Rantzow Vorwalter zu Hanrow." the carved door frame from 1618, earlier to the staircase to the pulpit, later to the sacristy, was lost. The old bronze bell with beautiful decorations, cast by master bell founder Beseler in Rendsburg in 1780, which the Hademarschern had rung for more than 200 years for prayer, all baptisms, weddings and funerals, but also in times of war, was a ghostly sight, Glowing red in the tower for a while, until the entire wooden roof structure collapsed and everything else dragged with it into the blazing fire. Investigations revealed that the fire had started in the fuse box that had been recently replaced. During the subsequent clean-up work, the remains of an even significantly older wooden church were found under the destroyed stone church, which was probably built before the year 1000.
In 2007 the newly built Hademarsch Church was consecrated. The foundation walls , which consisted of large boulders , could be used again, but they were increased considerably with a two-sided window gallery and thus obtained a significantly higher interior space, also through an additionally raised roof ridge. In addition, a small pointed tower was as roof skylights set with new clock tower , though much more modern, is a reminder of the overall picture of the old burnt church. A separate bell tower was built next to the church .
The 20 pastors of the Hademarsch Church, who have been detained by name since 1560, mostly served for many years. Seven were each between 36 and 48 years in office, including the well-known theologian Hans Lorenz Andreas Vent from 1815 to 1863, and Provost August Wilhelm Treplin from 1872 to 1917.
On December 31, 2011, the population of Hanerau-Hademarschens was exactly 3,000, the community including the surrounding, associated villages 6,600, the local area around 8,000 and the catchment area around 17,500 people.
On January 1, 2012, the previously independent Hanerau-Hademarschen office belonging to the Rendsburg-Eckernförde district was closed and merged with the Aukrug , Hohenwestedt-Land and the Hohenwestedt municipality to form the Mittelholstein office . The official seat is in Hohenwestedt, while a citizens' office is maintained in Hanerau-Hademarschen .
On September 9, 2013, the parish council decided to temporarily close the Hademarsch church completely. After the church fell victim to a major fire in December 2003 and was rebuilt by 2007, the first cracks in the western outer wall had already appeared in 2008, which increased significantly by summer 2013. For security reasons, the main entrance door was removed and the open portal walled up. Until the technical clarification and the final renovation of the building, the services will be held in the church of the neighboring community of Gokels .
The parish of Hademarschen currently includes the central parish of Hanerau-Hademarschen and the localities of Beldorf, Bendorf-Oersdorf, Bornholt, Gokels, Oldenbüttel, Steenfeld, Tackesdorf and Thaden.
On October 11, 2013, the long-time mayor of Hanerau-Hademarschen (1982–1994) Richard Feldhusen died at the age of 84. As a master watchmaker with his own shop on Theodor-Storm-Straße, he was known in the village and due to his many charitable initiatives and activities, for example with the volunteer fire brigade, and membership in the Merkur sports club since 1939, youth coach from 1976 to 1982, chairman from 1982 to In 1988 and honorary chairman since 1988, as well as founder and member of various other associations and clubs, he was valued by all and was honored accordingly. The funeral service took place on October 23 in the Gokler Church and the urn of the deceased was then buried in the Hademarsch cemetery , accompanied by a marching band .
In 2013 Hanerau-Hademarschen celebrated the following anniversaries:
- 170 years of Hademarscher Liedertafel
- 125 years of Theodor Storm's death
- 125 years of TSV Vorwärts
- 100 years of SV Merkur
- 100 years of the local SPD
- 75 years of the Hanerau-Hademarschen community
As of December 31, 2013 Hanerau-Hademarschen had 2998 inhabitants.
The Hanerau-Hademarschen church building association was founded on September 7, 2014. According to its statutes, the association has made it its task to actively support the Hademarschen parish in the renovation of the currently closed church.
swell
- GenWiki : Topography Holstein 1841.
- Wikisource : von Aspern: Contributions to the ancient history of Holstein. 1st issue. Hamburg 1843.
- Karl Müllenhoff : Legends, fairy tales and songs of the duchies of Schleswig Holstein and Lauenburg. 1845.
- Wikisource : Theodor Storm : On the Chronicle of Grieshuus + A festival on Haderslevhuus. 1883-1885.
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Sixth Edition. Bibliographical Institute, Leipzig / Vienna 1903–1910.
- Gustav Fr. Meyer: Schleswig-Holstein legends. Eugen Diederichs Verlag, Jena 1929.
- Guide through Hademarschen-Hanerau. JH Pohns printer, Hanerau 1930.
- Fritz Drescher: The district of Rendsburg. Schleswig-Holstein Publishing House Heinrich Möller Sons, Rendsburg 1931.
- Emil Nack: Germania - countries and peoples of the Germanic peoples. Verlag Carl Ueberreuter, Vienna / Heidelberg 1958. (Reprint: 1977)
- Schleswig-Holstein / Germany in the picture, Volume 8. Verlag Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1962.
- Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of Hademarscher Spar- und Leihkasse AG. Hademarschen 1962.
- Hans Dunker, Hans Gustav Treplin: Around the village church. Christian Jensen Verlag, Breklum 1964.
- 75 years of high school in Heide 1903–1978. Festschrift of the Werner-Heisenberg-Gymnasium. Heath 1978.
- Helmut Sethe: The big snow - disaster winter 1978/79 in Schleswig-Holstein. Husum 1979.
- David M. Wilson: The History of the Nordic Peoples. Orbis Verlag / Random House, Munich 2003. (English original edition 1980)
- Hansjoachim W. Koch: History of Prussia. Paul List Verlag, Munich 1981.
- Gerd Peters, Hans Witt: Hanerau-Hademarschen around the turn of the century. Publisher Heinrich Möller Sons, Rendsburg 1982.
- Gerd Peters, Hans Witt, Hans Wilhelm Schwarz: Hanerau-Hademarschen around the turn of the century / second volume. Publishing house Heinrich Möller Sons, Rendsburg 1983.
- Anniversary weeks in Hanerau-Hademarschen from May 18 to June 3, 1984. Hanerau-Hademarschen community, 1984.
- Georg Ortenburg: Armies of the Modern Era / Weapons of the Landsknechte 1500–1650. Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1984.
- Max Suhr: Theodor Storm in Hademarschen and Hanerau. Hanerau-Hademarschen community, 1988.
- Mitteilungsblatt - special edition on the occasion of the anniversary weeks in Hanerau-Hademarschen. 1988.
- Us Dorp home calendar. Sparkasse Hanerau-Hademarschen 1986, 1987, 1989 and 1990.
- Gerd Peters: Our church in Hademarschen. Hademarschen parish, 1990.
- 1000 destinations in Schleswig-Holstein. Peter Dreves, Kiel / Rendsburg 1990.
- Heinz J. Nowarra : The German Air Armament 1933-1945. Volume 4, Bernard & Graefe, Koblenz 1993.
- Max Suhr: Theodor Storm in Hademarschen and Hanerau. 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Hanerau-Hademarschen community, 1994.
- Between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. IHK Kiel, 1996.
- Kurt-Dietmar Schmidtke: The emergence of Schleswig-Holstein. 4th edition. Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 2004.
- Municipality of Hanerau-Hademarschen + C. Tepker: The Hanerau-Hademarschen game. The cities game publishing house, Bad Hersfeld.
References and comments
- ↑ Compare also Saxony (people) chapter "Inner Conditions".
- ↑ Marek Brozy: The blue tits are back! In: NORTEX Journal. May 7, 2019, accessed on May 23, 2019 (German).