Johannes Kentmann
Johannes Kentmann (born April 21, 1518 in Dresden , † June 14, 1574 in Torgau ) was a German physician and naturalist.
Life
Johannes Kentmann was born as the son of the furrier and Dresden councilor as well as multiple mayor Christoph Kentmann and his wife Martha. His brother Christoph Kentman was also a member of the council and from 1556 mayor of Dresden.
Attending school in Dresden first, he did so in Annaberg from 1532 to 1534 , where he received lessons from the school reformer Johannes Rivinus (1500–53). From 1538 to 1540 Kentmann can be proven as a student at the Nicolaischule Leipzig . Here Wolfgang Meurer (1513–85) , who was very interested in minerals and botany, was his teacher. Following this, Kentmann began studying medicine in Leipzig, where he was a student of the famous Heinrich Stromer von Auerbach (1483–1542). In 1542 Kentmann moved to the University of Wittenberg . Here, his teachers included the physician and physicist Melchior Fend as well as the anatomists Jacob Milichius and Augustin Schurff . In 1546 Kentmann finished his studies with the acquisition of the Magister artium in Leipzig. Together with several students, so Christian Leuschner and Johann Brambach set out on the way to Italy , he apparently stayed for a short time at the St. Lorenz School in Nuremberg . In Italy Kentmann finally stayed for some time in Padua and Bologna , where he continued his studies, but also visited Rome , Pisa and Venice . On September 2, 1549 he received his doctorate in medicine in Bologna. Then he began his journey home, on which he visited the Zurich doctor and naturalist Conrad Gessner . Kentmann's interest in natural history was greatly encouraged by his stay in Padua, where he was introduced to the director of the Botanical Garden.
After his return home, apparently working briefly as a doctor in Dresden, Kentmann became a town doctor and school doctor at the Fürstenschule Sankt Afra in Meißen on November 11, 1550 . Here he married Magdalena Sporer in 1551. In 1554 he moved to Torgau , where he became city doctor and electoral personal physician. At first living in the council's medical center in the churchyard, the economically very successful Kentmann was finally able to acquire his own large house in 1566 (today: Schlossstrasse 25). He kept the position in Torgau until his death in 1574.
Johannes Kentmann is also mentioned on the memorial of his pupil Franziskus Faber in the castle church in Wittenberg .
Works
In his works Johannes Kentmann dealt with medicine, biology, botany and mineralogy. On behalf of Elector August, he wrote a herbal book published in 1563 , which describes around 600 herbs and was decorated with illustrations by the Torgau artist David Redtel . Furthermore, Kentmann wrote works on the correct behavior when the plague occurs and on stones in the human body. Some of his medication prescriptions were included in the Arzney book compiled by Electress Anna von Sachsen in 1584 .
Another area of interest of the scientist were minerals and rocks. He put together an extensive collection of rocks and minerals , mostly from the Saxon region, which he arranged according to the system of Georgius Agricola . Conrad Gessner published his catalog with over 1600 copies in a compendium in 1565 . This publication is the first extant complete representation of a mineral and rock collection.
Commemoration
In Torgau, a hospital and an art and culture association, which runs an exhibition on 500 years of Torgau medical history, are named after him.
literature
- Doris Kutschbach: Beauty and benefits of herbs - The herbal book of Johannes Kentmann from 1563. Prestel Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-791334-69-7
- Johannes Helm: Johannes Kentmann (1518–1574). A Saxon doctor and naturalist. F. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1971 (= Sudhoffs Archive , Supplement 13).
- Thomas Bürger, Hansjochen Hancke and Marina Heilmeyer: The herbal book of Johannes Kentmann from 1563 Prestel Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-7913-3060-8
- Johannes Keller: Johannes Kentmann and his work on stones in the human body from 1565, in: Sudhoffs Archive for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences, Vol. 47, Issue 3 (Sept. 1963), pp. 301-305.
- Wilhelm von Gümbel: Wissensmann, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 603.
- Jürgen Konert / Hermann Hausmann / Holger G. Dietrich: Johannes Kentmann (1518–1574) and Sigismund Kohlreuter (1534–1599), Heidelberg 2009.
- Hans-Joachim Böttcher : "Kentmann, Johannes", in: Important historical personalities of the Düben Heath, AMF - No. 237, 2012, p. 50.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johannes Helm, Peter Hanelt: The “Kreutterbuch” by Johannes Kentmann from 1563. In: Johannes Helm (1971), pp. 89–177.
- ↑ Johannes Kentmann: A short, useful, and very comforting regiment, how one can protect oneself with the help of God from the dwindling and poisonous plague of the pestilentz, and if someone like that would be attacked with what means one should need before it . Peter Seitz, Wittenberg 1568.
- ↑ Conrad Gessner: De omni rerum fossilium genere, gemmis, lapidibus, metallis et huiusmodi libri aliquot (Zurich 1566) (online)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kentmann, Johannes |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Knowledge man, Johannes |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German physician and natural scientist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 21, 1518 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Dresden |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 14, 1574 |
| Place of death | Torgau |