John Logan Campbell

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John Logan Campbell, about 1887

Sir John Logan Campbell , MD , FRCS, Knight Bachelor , (born November 3, 1817 in Edinburgh , Scotland , † June 22, 1912 in Auckland , New Zealand ) was a Scottish-New Zealand doctor , trader, entrepreneur , politician , mayor of Auckland and co-founder the Auckland Savings Bank . As an entrepreneur, he was considered one of the pioneers in the economic development of Auckland since the city was founded.

ancestry

John Logan Campbell was born on November 3, 1817 in Edinburgh as the third and only surviving son of the married couple Dr. Born John Campbell of Kilbryde and Catherine Logan of Knockshinnoch , Ayrshire . His first-born brothers died in 1813 and 1819. He was the fourth born of his six siblings (2 brothers and 4 sisters). His father was a surgeon, son of a knight, and grandson of the Campbell of Aberuchill and Kilbryde lordly family , who in turn were descended from the Campbells of Argyll and existed for over three centuries. John Logan Campbell's ancestors lived in Perthshire and, after Sir Colin Campbell , Baronet of Aberuchill and great-great-grandfather of John Logan Campbell, bought the building, they moved to Kilbryde Castle from 1669 .

Live and act

education

Campbell's father practiced in Edinburgh and later became President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh . With his father's reputation , Logan , as he was called by his friends, grew up in a wealthy home and it was clear that after graduating from Royal High School in 1834 he would attend the University of Edinburgh Medical School . He graduated with a doctorate in the summer of 1839, but it was already clear during his studies that he did not want to follow his father's path. A short detour to India via the East India Company in 1837 confirmed this step.

Campbell was also infected by the "exit fever" that spread in Scotland from 1836, especially in the direction of New South Wales . He prevailed against his father's wish to work as a doctor and, inspired by the wool boom of that time, planned to raise sheep in Australia . Immediately after completing his studies, he completed a three-month training course with a carpenter in order to learn the necessary hand tools in woodworking as a farmer. The opportunity to leave came faster than he expected.

Australia

As a ship doctor, Campbell left Scotland on the barque Palmyra on July 3, 1839; with him , £ 500 for himself and £ 500 to be invested overseas profitably for his father. From Greenock over Sydney , it carried him after arriving in New South Wales to Bathurst and the Lachlan District of Central West region of New South Wales . He only lasted a few months in the colony because he disliked the society of ex-convicts.

New Zealand

In March 1840 Campbell left Australia for Wellington. Once there, he embarked a few weeks later to meet William Brown , a lawyer from Dundee , with whom he had made friends on the trip from Adelaide to Sydney a few months earlier, not far from Whanganui Island on the Hauraki Gulf . They became partners and explored opportunities to start a business in the area.

On May 22, 1840 they bought the island of Motukorea , not far from the entrance to Waitemata Harbor , now called Browns Island . On August 13th of that year they moved to the island and started farming. Three months after the founding of the city of Auckland on September 18, 1840, Brown Campbell set up a tent and a few stores in Commercial Bay on the southern shore of Waitemata Harbor and followed suit two months later. When they founded Brown & Campbell they got into the trading business and Campbell described the situation on site in a letter he sent home with the sentence: " The whole and entire object for everyone here is making money. " ( The only reason there is money to be made for everyone here. )

On April 19, 1841 they bought another piece of land and built the Acacia Cottage , which can still be viewed in Cornwall Park today . In 1843 they built a two-story stone warehouse and took businessmen William Gibson and Robert Mitchell with their company into the business.

When Brown and his wife had to go to England for medical reasons in 1844 , Campbell and Brown bought a barque and took the opportunity to ship New Zealand goods to England and sell them there. The Bolina , loaded with kauri wood, manganese , copper ore and other things, was greeted with a gun salute on December 20, 1844 and her journey went down in history as the first freight transport from New Zealand to her homeland Great Britain . While Brown's three-year absence, developed Campbell 's business successfully, in 1846 President of the Mechanics' Institute , the end of 1846 was the most influential founders of the Auckland Savings Bank and in 1847 the director of the branch of Union Bank of Australia in Auckland .

In June 1848 Campbell visited his home in Scotland, then toured parts of the European continent for 15 months, including Greece and Turkey , then India and Asia , returned in 1850, toured California a year later and came back to Auckland on August 22, 1851.

In August 1851, Brown and Campbell acquired Pah Farm , about two kilometers from Mount Prospect , a farm with around 1,000 acres of land around Maungakiekie . They acquired Mount Prospect in September 1853 and later renamed the 182-meter-high ancient extinct volcano One Tree Hill . Brown and Campbell speculated at the time with the purchase of cattle in Australia in order to be able to sell them in New Zealand.

In the following years, Campbell got more and more interest in politics, was elected superintendent of the Provincial Council of Auckland in November 1855 , an office he held until September 1856. At about the same time, from October 1855 to November 1856, he took over the seat in the House of Representatives for the City of Auckland and from June to November 1856 was Minister in the first stable government of the colony under Edward Stafford .

In May 1855, Campbell and Brown dissolved their partnership with Gibson and Mitchell , gave up direct management of their businesses in 1856 and put JI Montefiore as a manager in their company. Brown left New Zealand for England and Campbell followed on November 20, 1856 via Sri Lanka . On the way he met Emma Wilson , daughter of John Cracroft Wilson , and after a few months in Europe he returned to India to marry her on February 25, 1858. The marriage had four children.

With an interruption between the years from 1860 to 1861, in which he had to organize the company's business in Auckland after the mismanagement of his manager , Campbell stayed away with his family until 1871, traveling with the family and his servants in Italy , Switzerland , France and New Zealand Britain around.

In 1873 Campbell broke away from his partner Brown and paid him off. In 1877 he founded the Free School of Art , which he was in charge of until 1889. He was also Chairman of the Education Board . In May 1897, Campbell was already active in the brewery business, he merged his company with the Ehrenfried Brothers Browery from Louis Ehrenfried to Campbell & Ehrenfried Co. Ltd , from which Lion Nathan later emerged.

For the announced royal visit of George Frederick Ernest Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , at the time still Duke of Cornwall and Duke of York , a worthy representative of the colony was sought to be able to receive the Duke and his wife accordingly. As a valued citizen of Auckland , the choice fell on Campbell , who was elected mayor of Auckland in the year of the visit in 1901 . He took on the role, but only kept it for the three months of the visit. In honor of the guests, he donated Cornwall Park to the citizens of Auckland that same year . On the day of the planned enthronement of Edward VII , June 26, 1902, Campbell was awarded the Knight Bachelor .

John Logan Campbell died after a brief illness on June 22, 1912 in Auckland and was subsequently buried on June 25, 1912 on the top of One Tree Hill .

Works

  • John Logan Campbell: Poenamo - Sketches of the early days in New Zealand. Romance and reality of Antipodean life in the infancy of a new colony. With an introduction by Joan Stevens. Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, Auckland 1952 (English, first edition: Williams and Norgate, London 1881, published anonymously).

literature

Web links

Commons : John Logan Campbell  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Explanation: Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons
  2. ^ RCJ Stone: Young Logan Campbell . Auckland University Press, Auckland 1982, pp. 19-21 (English).
  3. ^ Scottish Castles Photo Library - Kilbryde Castle, Stirlingshire. Rampant Scotland, accessed July 31, 2011 .
  4. ↑ Biography of Sir John Logan Campbell. Electric Scotland USA LLC, accessed July 31, 2011 .
  5. ^ A b R. CJ Stone: Brown, William. Ministry for Culture & Heritage, accessed July 31, 2011 .
  6. ↑ Gordon McLauchlan: The ASB - A bank and its community . Four Star Book, Mission Bay, New Zealand 1991, ISBN 0-9597853-2-9 , pp. 2 (English).
  7. ↑ Evans: Campbell, Sir John Logan . In: An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand . 1966 (English).
  8. ↑ John Logan Campbell . In: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand . Volume II: Auckland Provincial District. Cyclopedia Company Ltd, Christchurch 1902, p.  40 (English).
  9. ^ Alfred Cox: Men of Mark of New Zealand . Whitcombe & Tombs, Christchurch 1886 (English).
  10. ↑ Maungakiekie (One Tree Hill), Tāmaki-makau-rau . Te Ara - Ministry for Culture & Heritage, accessed July 31, 2011 .
  11. ^ The Free School of Art . In: Auckland Star . tape  X , no. 3019 . Auckland December 20, 1879 (English, paperspast.natlib.govt.nz [accessed July 31, 2011]).
  12. ↑ Campbell, Sir John Logan . In: Gordon and Gotch (Ed.): Who's Who in New Zealand and the Western Pacific . 1st edition. Wellington 1908 (English).
  13. ^ RCJ Stone: Campbell, John Logan. In: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture & Heritage, September 1, 2010, accessed July 31, 2011 .
personal data
SURNAME Campbell, John Logan
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Campbell, John Logan Sir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Scottish-New Zealand doctor, trader, entrepreneur, politician and co-founder of the Auckland Savings Bank
DATE OF BIRTH November 3, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Edinburgh , Scotland
DATE OF DEATH June 22, 1912
Place of death Auckland , New Zealand