John Philippe Rushton

John Philippe Rushton (born September 3 [according to other information: December 3 ] 1943 in Bournemouth , England , † October 2, 2012 in London , Ontario ) was a British - Canadian professor of psychology at the University of Western Ontario . He gained fame in German-speaking countries through his so-called race research and his related appearance in front of the Vienna academic fraternity Olympia.

Life

Rushton was born in England in 1943. In 1947 emigrated his parents with him to South Africa and later to Canada. As a young adult he returned to England and studied psychology at the University of London , where he received his doctorate in philosophy ( Ph.D. ) in 1973 with a dissertation on altruistic behavior in children . He then spent a year researching personality development in childhood as a post-doctoral student at the University of Oxford . He then returned to Canada. From 1974 to 1976 he taught as a visiting professor at York University and from 1976 to 1977 at the University of Toronto , before moving to the University of Western Ontario, where he accepted a full professorship in 1985. In 1992 he obtained the degree of scientiæ doctor ( D.Sc. ) from the University of London .

JP Rushton served on the editorial boards of the scientific journals Scientometrics and Developmental Psychology from 1977 to 1982 . In the same position he worked for Population and Environment from 1999 to 2004 and for Intelligence from 2004 .

He was among the 52 co-signers of Mainstream Science on Intelligence , written by Linda Gottfredson and published in December 1994 by the Wall Street Journal .

From 2002 he was President of the Pioneer Fund , which among other things has set itself the task of promoting research on heredity and eugenics and which the Southern Poverty Law Center counts as one of the active white nationalist groups . From 1971 to 1992, Rushton received over $ 770,000 in funding from the Pioneer Fund.

In February 2010 Rushton was invited by the Vienna Academic Burschenschaft Olympia to give a lecture on “Race, Evolution and Behavior”, against the “left utopia of 'equality of all people'”, which led to considerable media coverage and a parliamentary question in the Austrian Parliament .

Fonts

By 2010, Rushton was the author or co-author of five books and more than 200 specialist articles that were published in scientific journals such as Personality and Individual Differences or Psychological Science .

At the beginning of his career, Rushton's research focus was in the field of altruism. Together with Robin Russell and Pamela Wells, he developed the genetic similarity theory ( GST ; German: genetic similarity theory) in 1984 , which states that organisms are able to recognize other genetically similar organisms and treat them preferentially compared to less closely related individuals . With regard to humans, this means that the higher the degree of their genetic similarity, the more altruistic they are.

In 1995 the controversial book Race, evolution, and behavior was published . Rushton was of the opinion that individual differences between members of the three human population groups he postulated (blacks, Caucasians and Asians; he referred to as " races ") in terms of intelligence , personality , criminal disposition and other characteristics were primarily not due to social ones or cultural framework conditions, but genetically determined, and means to find the causes of these differences in the history of evolution. According to Rushton, the Asian race is superior in terms of intelligence and life expectancy, while the black race is at the other end of the scale. The latter, on the other hand, has a higher testosterone release and reproductive rate, which speaks in favor of an r reproductive strategy. Roughly in the middle, but much closer to the Asians, is the Caucasian race. The racial theoretical explanations in his work have provoked some fierce criticism from the public and among scholars and he was accused of methodological errors as well as racist motivation. Rushton's research on "racial" differences is assigned to sociobiology . A special issue was published in the journal Personality and Individual Differences on the occasion of his death.

Publications

• J. Philippe Rushton: Altruism, socialization, and society . Prentice Hall , Englewood Cliffs 1980
• J. Philippe Rushton, Richard Sorrentino (Editor): Altruism and helping behavior: Social, personality, and developmental perspectives . Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; Hillsdale, New Jersey 1981
• Henry L. Roediger III., J. Philippe Rushton, DE Capaldi, SG Paris: Psychology . Little, Brown and Company , Boston 1984
• Doss Jackson, J. Philippe Rushton. (Editor): Scientific excellence: Origins and assessment . Sage Publications, Beverly Hills 1987
• J. Philippe Rushton: Race, evolution, and behavior: A life history perspective . Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick 1995
  • German edition: Race, evolution and behavior: A theory of development history . Ares-Verlag , Graz 2005 (translated by Rainer Walter)

Web links

• Literature by and about John Philippe Rushton in the catalog of the German National Library
• JP Rushton: Biographical Sketch. In: University of Western Ontario website. Archived from the original on March 27, 2010 . 
• John Philippe Rushton, Ph.D., D.Sc. Vita and list of publications. In: charlesdarwinresearch.org. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013 . 

Individual evidence

1. ↑ John Philippe Rushton. Obituary. In: yourlifemoments.ca. 2012, accessed April 2, 2019 . 
2. ^ Philippe Rushton: Socialization and the altruistic behavior of children . In: Psychological Bulletin . tape 83 (5) . American Psychological Association , September 1976, pp. 898-913 .
3. ↑ Linda Gottfredson: Mainstream Science on Intelligence. In: Wall Street Journal, Dec. 13, 1994, p. A18
4. ^ Carol Miller Swain: The new white nationalism in America: its challenge to integration . Cambridge University Press , 2002, ISBN 0-521-80886-3 , pp. 242 .
5. ^ Active White Nationalist Groups . From: Splcenter.org , accessed October 2, 2013.
6. ↑ Stefan Kühl: The International of Racists: Rise and Fall of the International Eugenic Movement in the 20th Century. Campus 2014, p. 316
7. ↑ GRAS: Racist guest at the Olympia fraternity. Press release. In: ots.at. Green & Alternative Students , February 8, 2010, accessed on September 22, 2019 . 
8. ↑ Olympia invites controversial "racial researchers" Der Standard February 8, 2010
9. ^ Rudas: Next scandal of the Graf fraternity Olympia February 8, 2010
10. ^ Graf-Burschenschaft invites "Racial Theorists" Die Presse February 8, 2010
11. ^ Statement by the Burschenschaftliche Gemeinschaft on the lecture by Prof. J. Philippe Rushton on February 9, 2010
12. ↑ Graf has nothing to do with race lecture February 9, 2010
13. ^ Right summit at the fraternity ball: "Outlawed politicians" in the Hofburg on February 10, 2010
14. ↑ Parliamentary question and answer PDF version
15. ^ J. Philippe Rushton, Robin Russell, Pamela Wells: Genetic similarity theory: Beyond kin selection . In: Behavior Genetics . tape 14 , no. 3 . Springer Science + Business Media , 1984, ISSN  0001-8244 , p. 179-193 , doi : 10.1007 / BF01065540 .
16. ↑ The List of Genes: Stratagems of a New Man . In: Bernhard Kleeberg (Ed.): Literature and Anthropology . tape 11 . Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen 2001, ISBN 3-8233-5710-7 , p. 230 f .
17. ↑ Christian Stöcker: Intelligence measurement: return of race theory. In: Spiegel Online . Spiegelnet GmbH, May 4, 2005, accessed on February 10, 2010 . 
18. ↑ On the similarities of American blacks and whites: A reply to JP Rushton by Zack Cernovsky in Vol. 25, Journal of Black Studies, January 7, 1995, p. 672 available online ( Memento of December 13, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
19. ↑ for example:
    • Kenneth Neubeck: Welfare Racism . Routledge, New York 2001, ISBN 978-0-415-92340-8 , p. 11.
    • Barbara Perry: Hate Crimes . Praeger, New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-275-99569-0 , p. 112.
    • Betty Dobratz: The White Separatist Movement in the United States . Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore 2000, ISBN 978-0-8018-6537-4 , p. 95.
    • Paul Spickard: We Are a People . Temple University Press, Philadelphia 2000, ISBN 978-1-56639-723-0 , p. 16.
    • Philip Banyard: Ethical Issues and Guidelines in Psychology . Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 978-0-415-26881-3 , p. 54.
    • Avner Falk: Anti-Semitism . Praeger, New York 2008, ISBN 978-0-313-35384-0 , p. 18.
    • Thomas Lemke: Biopolitics: an Advanced Introduction . NYU PRESS, City 2011, ISBN 978-0-8147-5242-5 , p. 19.
    • Halford H. Fairchild: Scientific Racism: The Cloak of Objectivity . In: Journal of Social Issues . 47, No. 3, 1991, ISSN  0022-4537 , pp. 101-115. doi : 10.1111 / j.1540-4560.1991.tb01825.x .
    • From Student Resistance to Embracing the Sociological Imagination: Unmasking Privilege, Social Conventions, and Racism , Haddad, Angela T .; Lieberman, Leonard, Teaching Sociology, v30n3 July 2002, p. 328
20. ^ Halford H. Fairchild: Scientific Racism: The Cloak of Objectivity. (PDF; 802 kB). In: Journal of Social Issues. Volume 47, No. 3, 1991, pp. 101-115. doi : 10.1111 / j.1540-4560.1991.tb01825.x .
21. ^ Graham Richards: Race, racism, and psychology: towards a reflexive history . Routledge, New York 1997, ISBN 0-415-10140-9 , pp. 286 f.
22. ↑ Clarence J. Munford: Race and reparations: a black perspective for the 21st century . Africa World Press, Asmara 1996, ISBN 0-86543-511-1 , p. 134 f.
23. ↑ Ethel Tobach and Betty Rosoff (Eds.): Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations . Feminist Press at the City University of New York, New York 1994, ISBN 1-55861-089-8 , pp. 7 f .
24. ^ Special Issue on The Life History Approach to Human Differences: J. Philippe Rushton in Memoriam. Retrieved July 29, 2013 .