Joseph Esterházy

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Joseph Count Esterházy

Joseph Count Esterházy de Galántha (born June 19, 1682 in Pápa , Kingdom of Hungary ; † May 10, 1748 in Pressburg ) was Banus of Croatia and then Judex curiae regiae (Supreme Judge; Hungarian országbíró ) in the Kingdom of Hungary.

Life

origin

Joseph Esterházy was the son of the prefect Franz Esterházy (1641-1683) and his wife Katalin Thököly (1655-1701), the eldest daughter of the landowner Stephen II. Thököly . Joseph had five siblings (three sisters and two brothers) who reached adulthood. His older brother Anton (Hungarian Antal) Esterházy (1676–1722) was Kurutzen general and fought alongside Franz II Rákóczis ( Hungarian Wars of Freedom ) against the rule of the Habsburgs in Hungary.

Education and further life

Joseph Esterházy was intended for the priesthood and was educated by Jesuits in Ödenburg and Raab . He then attended the University of Tyrnau and later moved to the Collegium Germanium et Hungaricum in Rome , where he finished his studies in theology. In 1700 he was at the Vienna University for Dr. Phil. PhD .

In 1705 he gave up the priesthood and embarked on a military career. Even during the Rákóczi uprising he remained loyal to the imperial family and also fought against his brother Anton, who achieved higher military honors at Rakóczi. Between 1716 and 1718 Joseph took part in the Austro-Turkish War and distinguished himself as a brave soldier in various battles. He also took part in the War of the Austrian Succession on the side of the imperial troops with great success.

On the basis of his military successes, he also quickly rose to the top of the ranks in the civil service and held various high military and civil dignities. As early as 1708 he was appointed Imperial Councilor. In 1711 he was appointed chief provost of Komorn County . 1721 General Field Sergeant . On August 13, 1733 he was appointed Banus of Croatia , Dalmatia and Slavonia . In 1741 he received the title of field marshal and at the same time he received the dignity of judex curiae, whereupon he resigned from the office of Banus of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia on June 25, 1741.

1712 Joseph took part in the coronation of Emperor Charles VI. (Hungarian as III. Károly ) to the Apostolic King of Hungary and Croatia . In the same year he began building Cseklész Castle .

In 1743 he accompanied the Empress Maria Theresa to Prague for her coronation as Queen of Bohemia .

He received numerous estates from the imperial family for his services, including the Pápa rule (1720).

Equestrian statue of Joseph Esterházy in Bánhida (Eng. Weinhild), since 1947 it has belonged to Tatabánya

Joseph Esterházy was married twice. His first wife was Maria Franziska Countess von Egkh und Hungerspach. From this marriage there were three children:

  • Maria Jozefa (born November 17, 1712; † 1712), she died shortly after giving birth.
  • Joseph (born September 20, 1714, † August 13, 1762), he took part in the campaign in Italy with his father. He made an important military career, was regiment owner and field marshal lieutenant. In 1756 he was Vice-Commander of the City of Vienna. His wife was the Countess Antonia Pálffy . The couple left no offspring.
  • János Károly (* December 22, 1718; † 1720), he died in childhood.

His second wife was Countess Maria Antonia Sauer von Augstein, but this marriage remained childless.

As a former priest, Joseph Esterházy was a staunch Catholic. In Tata (dt. Totis ) he had the monastery and the church of the Capuchins built and the local parish church renovated. He also had various other churches and chapels, which were affected by the 150-year rule of the Turks in Transdanubia, renovated. He donated a large amount for the restoration of the chapel built in Aachen under Ludwig the Great . He was inconsistent with the Protestants ; he had some of their churches closed or demolished.

Joseph Esterházy died in Pressburg in 1748 and was buried in Eisenstadt .

Resettlement of Komorn County

During the time of the Turkish rule, large areas of Hungary were depopulated. In February 1733 Joseph Esterházy issued a decree according to which the area of ​​the county should be repopulated by German Catholic settlers who immigrated from the Holy Roman Empire . And so between 1733 and 1750 numerous Germans came to the country who enjoyed certain privileges. The Esterhazys gave them land free of charge. Especially Tata, as well as Felsőgalla (German Obergalla) and Alsógalla (German Untergalla ) were repopulated . According to the register of the Catholic parish of Tata, around 60 German families immigrated to this area during this time. Most of the descendants of these families were forcibly evicted from Hungary between 1946 and 1948.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Judex curiae regiae was the third highest title in the former Kingdom of Hungary after the King and Palatine .
  2. ↑ Katalin Thököly (born April 18 1655 Kesmark ; † 26 January 1701 in Gata) was the eldest daughter of Stephen II Thököly. And the older sister of the " Kuruc king" Imre Thököly .
  3. ↑ It was the last Turkish war that ended with the victory of the Austro-Hungarian army. Temesburg was liberated from the Turks; In the battle of Peterwardein on August 5, 1716, Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the 150,000-strong Ottoman army with 80,000 imperial men . Thereupon the Turks were finally expelled from Hungary.
  4. ↑ Emperor Charles VI. was called Károly III. crowned Apostolic King of Hungary on May 22, 1712 in St. Martin's Cathedral in Pressburg.
  5. ^ The expulsion of Germans from large parts of Eastern Europe was already decided in the Potsdam Agreement . Under pressure from Marshal Kliment Voroshilov , who from 1945 to 1947 head of the Soviet Allied Control Commission was (Engl. "Allied Commission") in Hungary, the then Hungarian Foreign Minister János Gyöngyösi promised on May 16, 1945 (1893-1951) the relocation of 300,000 Germans from Hungary. On January 15, 1946, the communist interior minister Imre Nagy issued ordinance 70.010 / 1946 BM, which led to the expulsion of Germans from Hungary. See also article Schwabenzug
personal data
SURNAME Esterházy, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Esterházy de Galántha, Count Joseph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Banus of Croatia and chief judge in the Kingdom of Hungary
DATE OF BIRTH June 19, 1682
PLACE OF BIRTH Pápa , Kingdom of Hungary
DATE OF DEATH May 10, 1748
Place of death Pressburg , Kingdom of Hungary