List of the kings of Castile
The list of kings of Castile includes the rulers of the medieval Kingdom of Castile , from its establishment in the 10th century until it merged with the Kingdom of Aragon to form the Kingdom of Spain in the 16th century.
Castile was first a county in the Kingdom of Asturias and later in its successor kingdom , the Kingdom of León , from the 9th century . The Counts of Castile broke away from the supremacy of the king in the 10th century and became de facto independent. In 1028 the county came into the possession of King Sancho III. of Navarre . His son Ferdinand I the Great took over the Kingdom of León in 1037. When he died, the title of king remained with Castile, which now became a kingdom. From 1230 there was a permanent personal union between Castile and León.
With the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragón to Isabella I of Castile in 1469, the Spanish unification process was further advanced. After Isabella's death in 1504, Ferdinand also took over the government in Castile in 1506, representing his daughter Johanna, who was considered insane, so that the two empires were now de facto united under one ruler for the first time. When Charles I (from 1519 as Charles V also Roman-German Emperor) inherited the Aragonese crown from his grandfather Ferdinand in 1516, the two empires were politically united. He became the first Spanish king and the independent kingdom of Castile ended.
List of the Counts of Castile
Name Castilian (dates of life) |
Reign | relationship | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Rodrigo (*?; † 873) |
860-873 | Was appointed in 860 by King Ordoño I of Asturias as Count of the newly established Asturian East Mark ( marca oriental ), from which the county of Castile emerged. | |
Diego Rodríguez Porcelos (*?; † approx. 885) |
873 - approx. 885 | Son of the predecessor | |
Nuño Núñez I de Castrogeriz (*?; † approx. 901) |
? - approx. 901 | ||
Gonzalo Téllez † before 929 |
around 903 | Probably brother-in-law of his successor Gonzalo Fernández | |
Gonzalo Fernández de Burgos † 932 |
around 909-916 | Son-in-law and nephew of his predecessor Nuño Núñez el de Castrojeriz | |
Nuño Nuñez el de Roa |
914-915 | Brother-in-law of the predecessor, son of Nuño Núñez el de Castrojeriz | |
Fernando Ansúrez |
916–920 (?) | Son-in-law of Munio Fernández (see below) | |
Fernando Díaz † probably 923 |
917–923 (?) | ||
Munio Fernández de Amaya † after 932 |
921–926 (?) | Brother of the predecessor | Around 925 the counts split off from the Kingdom of León |
Fernando Ansúrez | 926 - approx. 929 | All that is known about him is that he married the widow of King García I of León . | |
Gutier Núñez | approx. 929-931 | ||
Fernán González (* 932; † 970) |
931-944 | First Count of Castile to be independent from León. | |
Ansur Fernández | 944-945 | ||
Fernán González (* 932; † 970) |
945-970 | Again | |
García Fernández García Fernández el de las Manos Blancas (* 938; † 995) |
970-995 | Son of the predecessor | |
Sancho García Sancho García el de los Buenos Fueros (*?; † 1017) |
995-1017 | Son of the predecessor | |
García Sánchez García Sánchez el Infante (* 1009; † 1029) |
1017-1029 | Son of the predecessor | |
Munidona (Mayor) | 1028-1035 | Sister of the predecessor | |
Sancho III. of Navarre | 1028-1035 | Husband of Mayor |
List of the kings of Castile
House Jiménez
image | Name Castilian (dates of life) |
Reign | relationship | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ferdinand I the Great Fernando el Grande (* 1018 - December 27, 1065) |
September 4, 1035 - December 27, 1065 |
Son of Mayor and King Sancho III. | First King of Castile. Defeated his brother-in-law Bermudo III in 1037 . and took over the kingdoms of Léon and Galicia. Divided his lands among his sons, with the title of king now also being transferred to Castile. | |
Sancho II. The Strong Sancho el Fuerte (* around 1038; † October 7, 1072) |
December 27, 1065 - October 6, 1072 |
Son of the predecessor | 1072 also king of León and Galicia, murdered by his sister. | |
Alfonso VI the brave Alfonso el Bravo (June 1040 - June 30, 1109) |
October 6, 1072 - June 30, 1109 |
Brother of the predecessor | King of León since 1065, snatched from him by his brother Sancho II in 1072. After his murder he took over León, Galicia and Castile in personal union. Conquered Toledo from the Moors in 1085 . | |
Urraca (June 1080-8 March 1126) |
June 30, 1109 - March 8, 1126 |
Daughter of the predecessor | Queen of Castile, León and Galicia. Married to Raymond of Burgundy and King Alfonso I of Aragón . |
House of Burgundy Ivrea
image | Name Castilian (dates of life) |
Reign | relationship | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alfonso VII the Emperor Alfonso el Emperador (born March 11, 1104/05 - † August 21, 1157) |
March 10, 1126 - August 21, 1157 |
Son of the predecessor | King of Castile, León and Galicia. Fought his stepfather and the Moors. On May 26th 1135 he was crowned “Emperor of all Spain” ( Imperator totius Hispaniae ). Divided Castile and León among his sons. | |
Sancho III. the Desired Sancho el Deseado (* 1134; † August 31, 1158) |
August 21, 1157 - August 31, 1158 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Alfonso VIII the noble Alfonso el Noble (born November 11, 1155, † October 5-6, 1214) |
August 31, 1158 - October 6, 1214 |
Son of the predecessor | Victory in conjunction with the other Christian kings of Spain in 1212 in the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa over the Almohads. | |
Heinrich I (* 1204; † June 6, 1217) |
October 6, 1214 - June 6, 1217 |
Son of the predecessor | Married to Mafalda of Portugal as a boy , died at the age of thirteen | |
Berenguela (June 1, 1180 - November 8, 1246) |
June 6, 1217 - August 30, 1217 |
Sister of the predecessor | Was with her cousin, King Alfonso IX. from León-Galicia , married. Voluntary Abdication 1217. | |
Ferdinand II the Saint Fernando el Santo (* July 30 or August 5, 1199; † May 30, 1252) |
August 30, 1217 - 1230 |
Son of the predecessor | From 1230 as Ferdinand III, King of Castile-León. |
List of kings of Castile and Leon
House of Burgundy Ivrea
image | Name Castilian (dates of life) |
Reign | relationship | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ferdinand III. Saint Fernando el Santo (* July 30 or August 5, 1199; † May 30, 1252) |
1230 - May 30, 1252 |
Son of Berenguela of Castile and Alfonso IX. from León | Previously from 1217 to 1230 as Ferdinand II. King of Castile. In 1230 he also took over the kingdoms of León and Galicia, which from then on remained inseparably united with Castile. Conquered Córdoba in 1236, then Jaén (1246) and Seville (1248) from the Moors. Established Castile as the dominant power on the Iberian Peninsula. | |
Alfonso X the Wise Alfonso el Sabio (23 November 1221 - 4 April 1284) |
May 30, 1252 - April 4, 1284 |
Son of the predecessor | Elected Roman-German King in 1257. Conquered Cadiz from the Moors in 1262. | |
Sancho IV. The Brave Sancho el Bravo (* 1257/58 - † April 25, 1295) |
April 4, 1284 - April 25, 1295 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Ferdinand IV. Fernando el Emplazado (* December 6, 1285, † September 7, 1312) |
April 25, 1295 - September 7, 1312 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Alfonso XI the legislator Alfonso el Justiciero (born August 13, 1311 - March 26, 1350) |
September 7, 1312 - March 26, 1350 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Peter I the Cruel Pedro el Cruel (born August 30, 1334 - † March 23, 1369) |
March 26, 1350 - March 23, 1369 |
Son of the predecessor |
House Trastámara
image | Name Castilian (dates of life) |
Reign | relationship | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Henry II Enrique de Trastámara (born January 13, 1334 - † May 29, 1379) |
March 12, 1369 - May 29, 1379 |
Half brother of the predecessor | Illegitimate son of Alfonso XI. Was proclaimed king against his half-brother in Burgos in 1366. Defeated him in 1369 at the Battle of Montiel and had him beheaded. Thus founded the House of Trastámara. | |
Johann I Juan (* August 24, 1358 - † October 9, 1390) |
May 29, 1379 - October 9, 1390 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Henry III. the sickly Enrique el Doliente (* October 4, 1379, † December 25, 1406) |
October 9, 1390 - October 25, 1406 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
John II Juan (March 6, 1405 - July 20, 1454) |
October 25, 1406 - July 21, 1454 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Henry IV the Impotente Enrique el Impotente (January 5, 1425 - December 11, 1474) |
July 21, 1454 - December 11, 1474 |
Son of the predecessor | ||
Isabella I the Catholic Isabel la Católica (born April 22, 1451 - † November 26, 1504) |
December 14, 1474 - November 26, 1504 |
Half sister of the predecessor | Daughter of Johann II. Ruled together with her husband Ferdinand V. Was also Queen of Aragon. In 1492, the Kingdom of Granada became the last Muslim state on the Iberian Peninsula to be conquered, which marked the end of the Reconquista. In the same year, Christopher Columbus, sailing in Spanish service, discovered the American continent and thus initiated the establishment of the Spanish empire . | |
Ferdinand V the Catholic Fernando el Católico |
December 14, 1474 - November 26, 1504 |
Isabella I.'s cousin and husband | King Ferdinand II of Aragon. Ruled with his wife also in Castile. | |
Joan I the Mad Juana la Loca (6 November 1479 - 12 April 1555) |
November 26, 1504 - April 12, 1555 |
Daughter of the predecessor | Because of her mental illness, iure uxoris ruled her husband Philip I. After his death in 1506, her father Ferdinand V of Aragon held the guardianship. After his death in 1516 Johanna also inherited the Kingdom of Aragon, which from then on remained connected to Castile. However, at the same time, her son Charles I was crowned King of Castile and Aragon and from that point on he held the actual rule. | |
Philip I the Fair Felipe el Hermoso |
November 26, 1504 - September 25, 1506 |
Husband of Johanna I. | Son of the Roman-German Emperor Maximilian I from the Habsburg dynasty . Ruled Castile until his death. |
Joan's son Charles was crowned King of Castile, Granada, Aragón, Valencia, Mallorca, Navarra, Sardinia, Sicily and Naples in 1516. For the kings of the Kingdom of Spain thus founded, see: List of Heads of State of Spain |