King Fly Agaric
King Fly Agaric | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
King's fly agaric ( Amanita regalis ) |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Amanita regalis | ||||||||||||
( Fr .: Fr. ) Michael |
The Amanita regalis or brown fly agaric ( Amanita regalis , Syn. : Amanita muscaria var. Regalis ) is a species of fungus from the family of Wulstlingsverwandten .
features
The king's fly agaric has a 10–15 cm wide hat and a stem up to 20 cm long and 2.5 cm thick . The fruiting bodies are spherically closed when young and covered by a yellowish velum universale, which tears when the hat is raised and remains on the hat skin as warty-lumpy, white to yellowish remains. The hat itself has a yellow or leather to dark brown color. Under the top layer of the hat, the meat is a narrow strip of yellow, yellow-brown or greenish color. The free and bulbous lamellae are very crowded and have a white to yellowish color. The spore powder is white. The white stalk, which is full in young specimens, becomes hollow with age. At the base it opens into a tuber up to 3 cm thick, which has several flaky scaly belts. The hanging ring in the upper half of the stem is impermanent.
Species delimitation
The very similar panther mushroom does not have a narrow, colored layer under the top layer of the hat. The common toadstool has warty belts on the stem.
Ecology and phenology
The king's fly agaric is a mycorrhizal fungus that lives in symbiosis with the spruce and only occurs on acidic soils. In contrast to the common toadstool, it is restricted to the original, montane and Nordic area of the spruce, and could not expand its area like this with the forest spread of the spruce.
The fruiting bodies appear from July to October.
distribution
The species is widespread in temperate to boreal Europe, where it colonized the original area of the spruce, it was reported in northern Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Norway, Sweden and Finland. In Scandinavia it is widespread north up to the 69th parallel.
In Germany, the main distribution areas are in the Hercynian low mountain range Harz, Thuringian Forest, Ore Mountains, Fichtel Mountains, Upper Palatinate and Bavarian Forest / Bohemian Forest.
meaning
Food value
The king's fly agaric is poisonous.
Mushroom of the year 2000
Since, like many mycorrhizal fungi, it is endangered by the increasing input of nutrients into the forests, it was voted Mushroom of the Year by the German Society for Mycology in 2000.
Systematics
The king's fly agaric is closely related to the red fly agaric and is sometimes seen as a variety of this species and alternatively named as Amanita muscaria var. Regalis .
A very light variant of the king's fly agaric without clear red or yellow tones was described as Amanita emilii in 1907 . However, the taxon is now considered a variety of A. regalis .
swell
literature
- Egon Horak: Bolete and agaric mushrooms in Europe . 6th completely revised edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 978-3-8274-1478-6 (557 pages).
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
- Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 .