Kösliner Strasse
| Kösliner Strasse Cösliner Strasse
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| Kösliner Strasse (2012) | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | Healthy well |
| Hist. Names | Street 65a, Section X / 2 of the development plan |
| Name received |
July 15, 1875 |
| Connecting roads | Weddingstrasse |
| Cross streets | Meadow road |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic |
| Technical specifications | |
| Street length | 170 m |
The Koslinerstrasse ( ) is a side street in the Berlin district of Gesundbrunnen . It became known as the center of the “ red weddings ” in the Weimar Republic. Numerous communists lived in the narrow side street. During the Berlin Blutmai in 1929, there were clashes between the police and residents on Kösliner Strasse that lasted for days.
history
It was named after Köslin, the capital of the Köslin administrative district in the Prussian province of Pomerania , today Koszalin in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland . It has had its current name since July 15, 1875. Typical Berlin tenements were built on Kösliner Strasse with several backyards ( Wilhelminischer Ring ). The buildings were built during the industrialization of the Weddings , and from the start the houses were mainly occupied by working-class families. During the Weimar Republic and the housing shortage, a total of 2500 people lived in the 24 houses on Kösliner Strasse . In the 17th century the gardens of the Vorwerk Wedding were located in the area of today's Kösliner Straße .
Red wedding
The Kösliner Strasse, together with the Pharussaele on Müllerstrasse, was the nucleus of the “Red Weddings”, in which a particularly large number of active communists were organized and dominated the street. It was therefore always a target of the National Socialists , who drove through the street with the SA for the first time in 1929 and were pelted with flowerpots. The NSDAP moved in in April 1933 when, after the seizure of power, they occupied a KPD bar in Symbolische Strasse as their own storm bar.
The draftsman and caricaturist Oskar was born at Kösliner Straße 12 , who later became famous as a quick draftsman in the Berliner Abendschau and in the television show Dalli Dalli .
Blood may
The clashes over the so-called Blutmai from May 1, 1929 occurred because the Social Democratic Berlin Police President Karl Friedrich Zörgiebel had banned demonstrations and the KPD nevertheless called for demonstrations on the day of the labor movement . The police expected a communist uprising and the armed revolution and reacted brutally accordingly.
While trying to stop the demonstrations , the police had already patrolled Wedding and Kösliner Strasse several times when they were pelted with pots of flowers from the windows of Kösliner Strasse at 2 p.m. and shouts like "blood dogs" were heard. The first victim of the clashes on May 1, 1929 died in the Kösliner Straße immediately afterwards: the plumber Max Gemeinhardt, a member of the SPD and the Reichsbanner , was shot in by two police officers in his apartment, Kösliner Straße 19, third floor shot in the forehead when he did not immediately follow an order to close the window immediately, but tried to talk to the police officers.
The clashes escalated. People from other districts came to Wedding and the police sent hundreds and armored cars with mounted machine guns . In order to be prepared against the approaching police officers, residents erected barricades between Köslinerstrasse and Weddingstrasse.
As a result of the clashes, the police combed Kösliner Strasse several times, advancing from both sides and aiming firearms at roofs and windows. While the workers were unarmed, the police used their weapons. On May 1st, three people died on Kösliner Strasse. In addition to Gemeinhardt, there were two residents who were not involved in the clashes and who were hit by police bullets through the closed front door.
Berlin rent strike
The Berlin rent strike of 1932/1933 was mainly carried out by women from proletarian households who resisted rising rents while repairs were not carried out at the same time. This began in August 1932 in Swinemünder Strasse in Berlin-Mitte , especially in the newly created housing estates of the Weimar Republic, but slowly spread to old buildings. One of the first old building areas to be hit was Kösliner Strasse. Here on November 1, 1932, the entire street went on strike at once and refused to pay the rent.
After the Second World War
While only a few of the classic Berlin tenements on Kösliner Strasse survived the Second World War unscathed, these were demolished in the course of the economic miracle and urban redevelopment . In the area around Kösliner Strasse, a purely residential area was to be created. Rental apartments typical of the time were built for this purpose. This was justified, among other things, by the fact that the area was a socio-political trouble spot and a "nucleus of decomposition" in the dispute with the Soviet Union , which could be pacified through appropriate architecture.
West Berlin presented demolition and new construction in Kösliner Strasse at the 1958 World Exhibition as a prime example of its building policy.
In 2009, the daily newspaper described the condition of Kösliner Straße as “angular apartment blocks that exude the dull charm of the 50s. Parceled out gardens, fences, lots of concrete . At the entrance a clean sign: 'Playing in the facility is prohibited'. "
literature
- Harald Bodenschatz : Outline of the story: Urban renewal Kösliner Strasse in Wedding in: Jochen Boberg; Tilman Fichter; Eckhart Gillen (ed.): The metropolis: industrial culture in Berlin in the 20th century . Beck, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-406-30202-5
- Klaus Neukrantz : Barricades on Wedding. The novel of a street from the Berlin May days 1929. Verlag Mackensen, Berlin 1988
See also
Web links
- Kösliner Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
Remarks
- ↑ a b c d Joel Vogel: Red Wedding - red as blood . In: taz , April 29, 2009
- ↑ Wedding . berlin.de; accessed December 6, 2015
- ↑ 19: ... from the perspective of the Nazis . berlin-street; accessed December 6, 2015
- ^ Rolf Schmiedecke: Forays through Berlin-Wedding . Sutton Verlag, 2008, ISBN 3-86680-419-9 , p. 126
- ↑ a b Wolfgang Zank: 10,981 shots on the republic . In: Die Zeit , No. 19/1989
- ↑ 33: The tenants' strike . berlin-street, accessed December 6, 2015
- ↑ Damage to the building in 1945 ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at alt-berlin.info
- ↑ a b Eberhard Elfert: Kösliner Straße: From the Red Wedding to the suburban idyll . Weddingsweiser, April 28, 2015.
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 '50.9 " N , 13 ° 22' 14.8" E