Kalvarienbergkirche (Bad Ischl)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kalvarienbergkirche Bad Ischl

The Kalvarienbergkirche Bad Ischl is a baroque church on the Kalvarienberg in the Ahorn district of the Upper Austrian town of Bad Ischl .

The oldest core of the sacred building dates back to 1706. The church belongs to the Bad Ischl deanery of the Linz diocese . In the vicinity of the church there is also a Holy Sepulcher chapel and four station chapels of the Way of the Cross, the church and the small chapels are listed .

Calvary Church

Furnishing

After the construction of the first Calvary in the Salzkammergut in Traunkirchen in 1696, the Calvary Church of Ischl followed in second place. It was built between 1704 and 1706. The citizens carried the figures of the crucifixion group in a solemn procession on September 14, 1706 from the parish church of St. Nicholas to the mountain.

The creator of the crucifixion group is not known for certain, but the Mondsee sculptor Johann Georg Kammerdorfer, who owned a house in Bad Ischl from 1704 to 1707 , is suspected . He belonged to the circle of Meinrad Guggenbichler's workshop . The basic formation of the crucifixion group are Jesus, the two thieves , St. Mary and St. John . The three figures who were added later are Mary Magdalene kneeling at the foot of the cross and two riders to the left and right of the group. One rider holds a lance (Joh. 9,34), the second rider could be the centurion named in the Gospel (Mk. 15,39). The extended group is first mentioned in a prayer book in 1761.

The oldest painting in the church dates from 1709 and shows a single-tower church and four Stations of the Cross chapels. The consecration was carried out by Passau prince archbishop Johann Philipp von Lamberg in 1711. Already in 1714 an extension and the purchase of two side altars took place. In 1715 Paul Preisl painted the oil painting above the side corridor with the Last Judgment motif . A bell rang in the church, which was still one-tower at the time, since 1724; it was from the foundry of Johannes Häckl in Salzburg.

In 1779 the Kalvarienbergkirche was expanded again. The construction project included the addition of a sacristy , the construction of two new towers, the creation of an apse for the crucifixion group and the installation of three flat niches for three terracotta statues on the front of the church . These almost life-size figures show the condemnation of Jesus, in the middle the ecce homo scene. It is not known who created them and whether they have already adorned the single-tower facade. Figures of the same design can also be found in Karner in the Enns district of Lorch . The clay statues are likely to have been made during the Turkish wars, as the enemies of Jesus - and here especially the bailiffs in the right group of figures - wear Turkish clothes. The original colorful painting was replaced by gray oil painting in the 19th century. During the renovation in 1964, they were given a new color, namely a dark red basic tone.

The baroque ceiling fresco from 1779 shows God the Father on the globe, the Holy Spirit in the form of the dove and the cross of Christ. The surrounding angels carry the instruments of suffering (scourge, sponge, handkerchief of Veronica). The master of the fresco is not known. A large part was painted over in 1893, but carefully restored again in 1960/61 and returned to the baroque design. On the right side wall (opposite the side entrance) there is a votive altar (Marienaltar) with the inscription In great distress and the image of Mary with the watery eyes . The picture bears the note RP Felix Ezinger, Lambachcensis 1705. This refers to Father Felix, a born Ischler and conventual from Lambach Abbey , who built the Calvary in Lambach.

In the Biedermeier period , several painters included the Calvary and its station chapels in their studies, such as Thomas Ender 1828, First Station from the Calvary (steel engraving), Rudolf von Alt around 1830, Ischl with the Calvary Church (watercolor), and Anton Schiffer 1840, Die Ischler Kalvarienbergkirche (oval oil painting).

In 1840 the main entrance was given a wooden porch, which was removed again in 1964. In the 1890s, the two side altars were also redesigned. Pictures in the Nazarene style have been inserted into the magnificent baroque frames and now flank the crucifixion group, on the Gospel side a Lamentation of Christ , on the Epistle side the Descent from the Cross . The baroque wooden statues remaining on the side altars are of St. Sebastian and St. Anthony of Padua on one side and St. Francis and St. John the Evangelist on the other side.

During the First World War , the bell from the north tower had to be delivered. From 1960 to 1968 the Kalvarienbergkirche was completely renovated. The pews are from 1975. In the same year there was a break-in, four angels - who carry chalices - including silver candlesticks have since disappeared, they have been replaced by good copies. The church roof was re-roofed in 1980. The facade and the terracotta figures were renovated in 1982, the tabernacle on the main altar is from 1983. Since 1996 the church has had a second bell again.

Today's Kalvarienbergkirche Bad Ischl has a barrel vaulted nave and a retracted barrel vaulted choir with a 1/2 elliptical end. The two facade towers are equipped with onion helmets, the central gable is curved.

and display information about the image
Inside view (360 ° panorama, in the middle the altar , outside the organ gallery )

organ

The organ comes from the Wimbsbach organ builder Johann Lorenz Santmayr and was built into the wooden gallery in 1715. Five registers and 45 metal pipes in a single-span prospect give this baroque organ its timbre. It is framed with carvings, crowned by angels and the figure of King David . On the parapet is the image of St. Cecilia .

Calvary

Chapel with the Holy Sepulcher

In 1764, Passau's Prince-Bishop Joseph Maria von Thun und Hohenstein asked for permission to build it, and in the same year construction of the Holy Sepulcher Chapel began immediately south of the Kalvarienbergkirche. The wooden sculpture of the risen One is late Gothic. In 1985 the burial chapel was extensively renovated. Originally the chapel was decorated inside and outside with frescoes. Only the entrance area with the two painted life-size guards in Roman armor reminds of the time of origin. The holy grave is an elongated building, closed at the back, with a raised round gable, crowned with a sheet metal figure of the risen One. The grave is empty over the year, on Good Friday and Holy Saturday there is a life-size wooden figure of the dead Christ in the chapel. During Easter, the grave is decorated with a silhouette figure of the risen One, who is then flanked by two kneeling angels. This chapel is also a listed building .

Sacristan's house

The sacristan's house was rebuilt in 1891 and completely renovated in 1960; it is located directly next to the church. From 1980 until his death in 2007, it served Frater Georg Krün which a Franciscan hermits Order belonged, as a hermitage . At that time he was the only hermit in all of Upper Austria.

Other small monuments

There are a few other small monuments in the vicinity of the Kalvarienbergkirche. However, not all of them are listed.

The tabernacle shrine is also a listed building . This slender wayside shrine made of red limestone stands a few meters behind the church; its current location is dated to 1915. This or an almost identical wayside shrine can already be seen in a picture from around 1850, but at that time a few meters in front of the church, where the sacristan's house now stands. In 1999 a renovation took place. The small monument has a hulking lattice in front of the tabernacle niche, in which there is a Christ head painted on sheet metal. The crowning stone cross has long been lost. The inscription on the wide base is difficult to decipher, and people passing by are asked to pray. A very similar wayside shrine (with the inscription 1906) stands in front of the state rest home on Ahornstrasse.

The station chapels on Kalvarienbergweg, which are also listed , received new pictures in the style of the Nazarene school in 1866 ; there are a total of 12 station pictures in the four stations of the cross . Renovations took place in 1952 and 1984. The four station chapels and the burial chapels, like the Kalvarienbergkirche, were protected as monuments.

The Bauernfeldweg begins at the Kalvarienbergkirche towards the village of Ahorn, named after Eduard von Bauernfeld . The Marienkapelle is located on the first meters of the way . The chapel is dedicated to the Immaculate Conception . The original building is likely to date from the dogmatization period (1850s). In 1994, at the instigation of the Goldhauben group, the Marienkapelle was demolished by the municipal building yard and completely rebuilt using old and new components. The base of roughly hewn granite stones is also from 1994. There is a cross with a ball on the ridge. Behind a large pane of glass, the panel painting Immaculate Conception on the globe, surrounded by four angels, can be seen.

About 50 meters behind the church apse is the bark chapel Christ in Rest . The chapel is the last original bark chapel from the 19th century in the Ischl municipality. The wooden sculpture of Christ is almost life-size. Unprocessed thin poles and pieces of branch served as building material, the walls are clad on the inside. The base is made of quarry stone. During the restoration in 1996 a shingle roof was put on again.

The St. Antonius Grotto has been definitively documented since 1850, but is probably older. The grotto is located in a rock niche below the sacristan's house. The small memorial has a picture of the Sacred Heart from the 1850s with instruments of the Passion and a relief of St. Anthony of Padua . The arched roof and the cross are made of sheet metal. A small marble votive plaque from 1918 was attached to the rock face.

There is a wayside shrine on the Elisabeth forest path . This tabernacle shrine from the early 20th century was made of concrete and decorated with a picture of the Sacred Heart.

The Marterl am Heherstein is located in the immediate vicinity of the so-called Heherstein (sometimes incorrectly also: Höherstein), the highest point of the Kalvarienberg at 606 meters. The Marterl is a small representation of the motif of the Lourdes grotto. The 1930s are given as the time of origin. Protected by a small arched door, the Lourdes mantle mandonna is located in a niche made of concrete and rocks.

  • Calvary, chapel with holy grave

  • Kalvarienbergkirche, tabernacle shrine

  • Kalvarienberg, station chapel IV

  • St. Anthony's Grotto on Calvary Hill

literature

  • Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Oberösterreich . 3. Edition. Anton Schroll & Co., Vienna 1958.
  • Stadtpfarramt Bad Ischl (Ed.): Kalvarienberg Bad Ischl . Salzkammergut Media, Bad Ischl Gmunden 2006.
  • Ischler Heimatverein (Ed.): Bad Ischl Heimatbuch 2004 . Wimmer Verlag, Bad Ischl 2004, ISBN 3-900998-70-1 .

Web links

Commons : Kalvarienberg Bad Ischl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch Oberösterreich . 3. Edition. Anton Schroll & Co., Vienna 1958, p. 35 .
  2. ^ Upper Austria - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento from June 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) . Federal Monuments Office , as of June 27, 2014 (PDF).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Stadtpfarramt Bad Ischl (ed.): Kalvarienberg Bad Ischl . Salzkammergut Media, Bad Ischl Gmunden 2006, p. 1-31 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Ischler Heimatverein (Ed.): Bad Ischl Heimatbuch 2004 . Wimmer Verlag, Bad Ischl 2004, ISBN 3-900998-70-1 , p. 557-558 .
  5. ↑ Florian Oberchristl: Bells of the Diocese of Linz. Verlag R. Pirngruber, Linz 1941, p. 70.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Ischler Heimatverein (Ed.): Ischler Monument Guide. With a map, route suggestions and QS codes . 1st edition. Wigo, Bad Ischl 2014, ISBN 978-3-200-03908-7 , pp. 142-147 .
  7. ^ The only Upper Austrian hermit, Brother Georg Krün, died. Diocese of Linz, April 20, 2007, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 8, 2015 .
  8. ^ Ischler Heimatverein (ed.): Ischler Monument Guide. With a map, route suggestions and QS codes . 1st edition. Wigo, Bad Ischl 2014, ISBN 978-3-200-03908-7 , pp. 146 .
  9. ^ Ordinance of the Federal Monuments Office regarding the pol. District of Gmunden, Upper Austria , Federal Monuments Office, as of November 1, 2009 (pdf)

Coordinates: 47 ° 42 ′ 52.2 "  N , 13 ° 36 ′ 47.9"  E