Kander (Black Forest)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Kander
The Kander near the town hall of Kandern

The Kander near the town hall of Kandern

Data
Water code EN : 2332
location Black Forest

Upper Rhine Plain

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Rhine  → North Sea
source approx. 3 km east of the Blauen am Kanderwasen near Malsburg-Marzell
47 ° 46 ′ 49 ″  N , 7 ° 42 ′ 22 ″  E
Source height approx.  970  m above sea level NHN
muzzle to Weil am Rhein- Märkt from the right and northeast into the Rhine Coordinates: 47 ° 37 '51 "  N , 7 ° 34' 9"  E 47 ° 37 '51 "  N , 7 ° 34' 9"  E
Mouth height approx.  232  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 738 m
Bottom slope approx. 25 ‰
length 30 km
Catchment area 93.906 km²

The Kander is an approximately 30 km long Black Forest river in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg , which flows into the Rhine from the right and northeast in the Märkt district of Weil am Rhein , but just at the boundary of Efringen-Kirchen in the Lörrach district .

Surname

The name Kander comes from the Celtic word "Kandera", which means "the clear flowing one".

geography

course

The Kander rises on the northern edge of the Lörrach district about 3.1 km east of the 1165  m above sea level. NHN high southern Black Forest mountains Blauen a little northeast of Kandertal in the municipality of Malsburg-Marzell am Kanderwasen at about 970  m above sea level. NHN and then flows through the district in a predominantly southwestern direction.

The flowing water runs in the Kandertal in a south-westerly direction through Malsburg-Marzell to Kandern , where the Kander loses over 600 m altitude on the first 10 km of its course. South of Kandern, the Kander then flows via Rümmingen to Binzen and then in a westerly direction along the A 98 to Eimeldingen , where it crosses the B 3 .

A little later the Kander crosses the northwest of the district Märkt of Because the A 5 to less than 200 meters to the west to just under 232  meters above sea level. NHN flows into the Rhine coming from the south towards Basel , in which the border with France runs here.

After a 30.0 km long run, the Kander empties with an average bottom gradient of around 25 ‰ from around 738 meters in altitude below its origin. It is classified as a coarse material rich, silicate low mountain range .

Catchment area

The Kander drains an area of ​​93.9 km², according to the contour of a hose extending from the Stuhl over 22 km southwest to the mouth with a maximum width of almost everywhere less than 6 km. In terms of natural space , its northern and eastern parts lie up to a north-south line directly before the village of Kandern, a total of almost half of the catchment area, in the Upper Black Forest sub-region of the Black Forest . There the Rhine Plain connects first with the sub-area Markgräfler Hügelland , which is almost the same size and ends after the village of Binzen, and finally the sub-area Markgräfler Rhine Plain , which covers only a little more than a tenth of the total area. In the Black Forest area there is predominantly forest, while from the hill country onwards the open corridor takes up more and more space.

The natural area boundaries follow geological boundaries. In the Black Forest, there are deep rocks, predominantly granite and in particular Malsberg granite, while in the Markgräfler Hügelland there is much younger rock, to the left of the increasingly wider valley axis filled with floodplain sediment, mostly silty to sandy, often marl-like, rarely calcareous rock, predominantly in flowing earth, on the right Axis mostly covered with loess sediment . After changing to the Markgräfler Rhine Plain down from Binzen, the zones of the sediments deposited by the Rhine begin: older and younger gravel, loam, alluvial sediments and finally Holocene floodplain sediments.

The 1165.4  m above sea level. NHN's highest point is the summit of the Blauen on the western ridge of the Marzeller Talspinne. From here on, the catchment areas of the following neighboring waters border in turn:

  • behind the short north-north-western watershed, the Klemmbach flows from the Black Forest westwards to the Upper Rhine;
  • in the east the catchment areas of the rivers Kleiner Wiese and Steinenbach , which run south to the meadow, follow one another , before the meadow itself, which flows into the Rhine a little above the Kander, is the next significant body of water;
  • a little beyond the lower and middle western watershed, the Feuerbach flows roughly parallel to the Kander and as the next right tributary to the Rhine;
  • Finally, the Hohlebach, which rises on the west side of the Blauen, runs like the Klemmbach, again west of the Rhine.

Tributaries and lakes

List of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted. Without mill channels.

Origin of the Kander at about 970  m above sea level. NHN .

  • Schwanderbach , from the left and northeast to about 760  m above sea level. NHN in front of Marzell , 1.0 km and approx. 0.6 km². Arises at about 940  m above sea level. NHN west under the Meierskopf .
  • Riedernbach , from the left and east-southeast to about 748  m above sea level. NHN before Marzell, 1.1 km and about 0.7 km². Arises at about 860  m above sea level. NHN at the southern spur of Lipple des Meierskopf.
  • Unterschwendlebach , from the right and north to about 735  m above sea level. NHN at the entrance to Marzell, 1.1 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at about 840  m above sea level. NHN on the eastern part of the Kandertal Rehabilitation Clinic.
  • (Bach from the Bruckwald ), from the left and south-facing to about 705  m above sea level. NHN opposite Marzell, 0.6 km and less than 0.2 km². Arises at about 850  m above sea level. NHN shortly before the edge of the Bruckwald.
  • Malsenbach , from the right and north to about 698  m above sea level. NHN in Marzell, approx. 2.3 km and 2.6 km². Arises at about 995  m above sea level. NHN below the Brandeck and above the western part of the Kandertal Rehabilitation Clinic.
  • Redschenbach , from the right and northwest to about 675  m above sea level. NHN at the end of Marzell, 1.4 km and approx. 0.7 km². Arises at about 905  m above sea level. NHN at the southeast slope of the blue .
  • Aubächle , from the right and west to about 665  m above sea level. NHN to Marzell, 1.0 km and approx. 0.7 km². Arises at about 825  m above sea level. NHN under the Hexenplatz.
  • Grabenbächle , from the left and northeast to about 650  m above sea level. NHN , 1.3 km and approx. 0.8 km². Arises at about 825  m above sea level. NHN at the Grabenbuck .
  • Kaltenbacher Bächle , from the left and east to about 608  m above sea level. NHN , 1.5 km and approx. 1.4 km². Arises at about 835  m above sea level. NHN on the western slope of the Hohwildsberg .
  • Lütschenbächle , from the left and northeast to about 535  m above sea level. NHN at the quarry in front of Höfe , 1.0 km and approx. 0.9 km². Arises at about 670  m above sea level. NHN on the western slope of the Wildsberg .
  • Aubächle , from the left and northeast to about 490  m above sea level. NHN at the end of the village of Höfe, 1.4 km and approx. 1.0 km². Arises at about 680  m above sea level. NHN on the western slope of the Wildsberg .
  • Wallmerstenbächle , from the left and east-northeast to about 480  m above sea level. NHN at the beginning of Malsburg , 0.9 km and about 0.6 km². Arises at about 660  m above sea level. NHN on the southwest slope of the Wildsberg .
  • Lippertsgraben , from the left and east northeast to about 465  m above sea level. NHN in front of the sewage treatment plant to Malsburg, 3.0 km and 2.4 km². Arises at about 855  m above sea level. NHN on the northwest slope of the Federlisberg .
  • Riggenbach , from the left and southeast to about 450  m above sea level. NHN after the Malsburg sports field, 1.9 km and approx. 2.5 km². Arises at about 690  m above sea level. NHN under the tall piece trees .
  • Vogelbach , from the right and northeast to about 420  m above sea level. NHN from the Krütäle before Kandern - Steinenkreuz , 2.2 km and 1.6 km². Flows at about 620  m above sea level. NHN RiverIcon-SmallLake.svg a pond of less than 0.1 ha. Near Vogelbach
  • Steinkreuzbach , from the right and north-northwest to about 393  m above sea level. NHN at Steinenkreuz, 1.2 km and approx. 0.4 km². Arises at about 515  m above sea level. NHN under the loud plane .
  • Roter Graben , from the left and east to about 360  m above sea level. NHN in the east of Kandern, 2.1 km and 2.2 km². Arises at about 665  m above sea level. NHN on the western slope of the Sandelkopf .
  • Lippisbach , from the right and north-northeast to below 350  m above sea level. NHN in the center of Kandern, 8.3 km with the slightly shorter left Bärenbach of the two upper reaches and 12.1 km². Arises at about 985  m above sea level. NHN on the southern slope of the blue foothills, Streitblauen .
  • (Bach from the Lettenhölzle ), from the left and east to about 323  m above sea level. NHN before Hammerstein , approx. 0.9 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at about 465  m above sea level. NHN on the southwest slope of the Heuberg .
  • Wollbach , from the left and northeast to about 292  m above sea level. NHN at the Hofmühle of Kandern- Wollbach , 8.4 km with the left upper reaches of the Bärengraben and 12.9 km². The Bärenbach arises at about 703  m above sea level. NHN on the southwest slope of the high piece trees .
  • Ehgraben , from the left and north to about 286  m above sea level. NHN in Wittlingen , 1.0 km and about 0.9 km². Arises at about 290  m above sea level. NHN near the mouth of the previous one. Floodplain.
  • Moosgraben , from the left and east-northeast to below 285  m above sea level. NHN in Wittlingen, 2.4 km and approx. 1.2 km². Arises at about 413  m above sea level. NHN in the old reason .
  • Ölbachgraben , from the left and east to about 282  m above sea level. NHN at the sports field to Wittlingen, 1.7 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises at about 420  m above sea level. NHN on Hohen Strasse near Kleeplatz .
  • Nikolausgraben , from the left and southeast to about 250  m above sea level. NHN on the municipal boundary between Wittlingen and Rümmingen , 1.7 km and approx. 1.4 km². Arises at about 410  m above sea level. NHN in Forlenbuck near Hohen Strasse.
  • Eggraben , from the right and northwest to about 278  m above sea level. NHN before Rümmingen, 1.6 km and approx. 2.9 km². Arises at about 301  m above sea level. NHN on the northeast edge of Schallbach .
  • Moosgraben , from the left and east to about 276  m above sea level. NHN near Rümmingen, 1.6 km and approx. 1.4 km². Arises at over 370  m above sea level. NHN in the Rümminger Moos .
  • Altrhein Märkt , from the left and southeast to less than 240  m above sea level. NHN between the A 5 and the near mouth, 1.7 km and approx. 0.8 km². The old Rhine rises below 250  m above sea level. NHN near the Weil am Rhein motorway junction and passes Weil am Rhein - Märkt on the Rhine side

Mouth of the Kander of LR and NESW at 232  m above sea level. NHN northwest of Märkt in the Rhine . The Kander is 30.0 km long and has a catchment area of ​​93.9 km².

Landscape protection areas

For a large part of its length, the Kander runs in protected landscape areas . It flows through the LSG Blauen between its origin and Kandern . After Hammerstein the LSG Kandertal begins , which extends to Eimeldingen . The special thing about this protected area is that it only includes the direct course of the stream with wood on the banks and is therefore only around ten meters wide over its entire length. The protected area with the number 3.36.005 was already designated on January 13, 1938 by ordinance of the district office of Lörrach and is only around 26 hectares in size despite its length.

traffic

The Kander is not navigable due to its small depth and width. With a length of 2.6 km from the bridge of the B 3 in Eimeldingen to its confluence with the Rhine at Märkt, it is a first-class river .

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Course and catchment area of ​​the Kander
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b Height according to the contour line image on the topographic map background layer .
  2. ↑ a b About 1.3 km upwards, the Rhine has a height of 232.1  m above sea level in the underwater layer of the Barrage de Kembs, according to the background layer Topographic Map . NHN .
  3. ↑ a b Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  4. ↑ a b catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 04 .
  5. ↑ Biocenotic classification according to the relevant layer.
  6. ↑ Height according to black lettering on the background layer topographic map .
  7. ↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .
  8. ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  10. ↑ a b c Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
  11. ↑ Catchment area after the layer aggregated areas 05 .

Other evidence

  1. ↑ Günther Reichelt : Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 185 Freiburg i. Br. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1964. →  Online map (PDF; 3.7 MB)
  2. ↑ Geology according to the layers for Geological Map 1: 50,000 on: Map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes )

literature

  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg, as single sheet No. 8211 Kandern, No. 8212 Malsburg-Marzell, No. 8311 Lörrach, No. 8312 Schopfheim, No. 8411 Weil am Rhein,

Web links

Commons : Kander  - collection of images, videos and audio files