Gunner flowers

Gunner flowers
	Aluminum plant ( Pilea cadierei )
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Rose-like (rosales)
Family :	Nettle family (Urticaceae)
Genre :	Gunner flowers
Scientific name
	Pilea
	Lindl.

The pilea ( Pilea ), even artillery plants or spin flower called the largest are genus within the family of the Nettle family (Urticaceae). Some of the species are used as ornamental plants .

features

There are mostly perennial herbaceous plants , or half-shrubs , rarely, to shrubs . The plants do not have stinging hairs . In many species, the stems are succulent and break off very easily. However, broken off parts of the plant easily take root again.

The simple foliage leaves are almost always opposite , whereby opposite leaves can be the same or different. There are both species with cross-opposed as well as two-line leaf position. Stipules may be missing, or there are two membranous stipules on each stem node, whereby these are then mostly in the leaf axils and not between the leaf bases.

Often three distinct veins go from the leaf base in an arc to the leaf tip. In many species, the leaf surface is wrinkled due to the leaf veins protruding from the underside of the leaf.

The many-flowered inflorescences consist of various arrangements of smaller, clustered partial inflorescences . They are axillary, with some species the bracts are also reduced, so that what appears to be a terminal inflorescence. The flowers can be hermaphroditic or unisexual, and there are both monocial and diocesan species. The inconspicuous flower envelope usually consists of 4 or 5 lobes. The seeds are very small, usually around 0.3 mm in diameter. For this, the plants produce an extraordinary number of seeds.

The pollen is thrown out of the anthers by the plants through the suddenly relaxing stamens . In some species, the seeds are later catapulted out of the fruit by a sudden stretching of the remains of the stamens. Hence the plants got their name.

Pilea depressa

Pilea grandis

Wrapped Gunner Flower ( Pilea involucrata )

Pilea longicaulis

Small-leaved cannon flower ( Pilea microphylla )

Pilea pumila

Pilea rotundinucula

Pilea serpyllacea

Pilea serpyllifolia

Systematics and distribution

Depending on the view, the genus consists of 250 to 400 species that are distributed worldwide in the tropics and subtropics . A few species also occur in temperate latitudes.

Most species form undergrowth in shady, moist forests. Here is a selection:

Pilea amplistipulata C.J. Chen : It occurs in southern Yunnan .
Pilea angulata (flower) flower : It occurs in three subspecies in India, Indonesia, Japan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam and China.
Pilea anisophylla Wedd. : It occurs in Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim and in China.
Pilea approximata C.B. Clarke : It occurs in Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in China.
Pilea aquarum Dunn : It occurs in Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan and China.
Pilea auricularis C.J. Chen : It occurs in Xizang and Yunnan .
Pilea bambusifolia C.J. Chen : It occurs in southwest Guizhou .
Pilea basicordata W.T. Wang ex CJ Chen : It occurs in Guangxi .
Pilea boniana Gagnepain : It occurs in China and Vietnam.
Pilea bracteosa Wedd. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in Xizang .
Pilea cadierei Gagnep. & Guillaumin : It occurs in Vietnam, Guizhou and Yunnan.
Pilea cangyuanensis H.W. Li : It occurs in Yunnan.
Pilea cavaleriei H. Léveillé : It occurs in two subspecies in Bhutan and in China.
Pilea chartacea C.J. Chen : It occurs in Guangdong and maybe also in Vietnam.
Pilea cordifolia J.D. Hooker : It occurs in India, Nepal, Sikkim, Xizang and Yunnan.
Pilea cordistipulata C.J. Chen : It occurs in China.
Pilea dolichocarpa C.J. Chen : It occurs in Guangxi, Yunnan and Vietnam.
Pilea elegantissima C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Thailand, Sichuan and Yunnan.
Pilea elliptilimba C.J. Chen : It occurs in China.
Pilea fontana (Lunell) Rydb.
Pilea funkikensis Hayata : It occurs in Taiwan.
Pilea gansuensis C.J. Chen : It occurs in Gansu and Sichuan.
Pilea glaberrima (flower) flower : It occurs in Bhutan, Indonesia, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim and in China.
Pilea hexagona C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and in Yunna.
Pilea hilliana Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in northern Vietnam and China at altitudes between 100 and 2600 meters.
Pilea hookeriana Wedd. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and Yunnan.
Pilea howelliana Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in southern and western Yunnan.
Pilea insolens Wedd. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Xizang.
Wrapped gunners flower ( Pilea involucrata (Sims) CHWright & Dewar )
Pilea japonica (Maximovicz) Handel-Mazzetti (Syn .: Nanocnide closii Léveillé & Vaniot ): It occurs in China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and in eastern Siberia.
Pilea linearifolia C.J. Chen : It occurs in Nepal and southern Xizang .
Pilea lomatogramma Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in China.
Pilea longicaulis Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in three varieties in China, Laos and northern Vietnam.
Pilea longipedunculata Chien & CJ Chen : It occurs in China, northern Thailand and northern Vietnam.
Pilea macrocarpa C.J. Chen : It occurs in southeastern Xizang.
Pilea martinii (H. Léveillé) Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in China.
Pilea matsudae Yamamoto : It occurs in Taiwan.
Pilea media C.J. Chen : It occurs in China.
Pilea medogensis C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern India and in southeastern Xizang at altitudes between 2400 and 3800 meters.
Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd. : It occurs in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Vietnam and in China.
Pilea menghaiensis C.J. Chen : It occurs in southern Yunnan .
Pilea microcardia Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in northern Guangxi .
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. : Homeland: Central America, tropical South America, naturalized in Croatia.
Pilea monilifera Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in China.
Pilea multicellularis C.J. Chen : It occurs in northwestern Yunnan.
Pilea notata C.H. Wright : It's found in China, Taiwan, and Japan.
Pilea oxyodon Wedd. : It occurs in India, Nepal, Sikkim and southern Xizang.
Pilea paniculigera C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and southeastern Yunnan.
Pilea panzhihuaensis C.J. Chen, AK Monro & L. Chen : It occurs in western Guizhou and southwestern Sichuan.
Pilea pauciflora C.J. Chen : It occurs in Gansu and Sichuan.
Pilea pellionioides C.J. Chen : It occurs in northwestern Yunnan.
Pilea peltata Hance : It occurs in China.
Pilea penninervis C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and China.
Pilea peperomioides Diels : Origin: West Yunnan
Pilea peploides (Gaudichaud-Beaupré) WJ Hooker & Arnott : It occurs in Asia and Hawaii.
Pilea plataniflora C.H. Wright : It's found in Thailand, northern Vietnam, Taiwan, and China.
Pilea pseudonotata C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and China.
Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray : It occurs in three varieties in East Asia and in North America.
Pilea racemiformis C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and Guangxi .
Pilea racemosa (Royle) Tuyama : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in China at altitudes between 2200 and 5400 meters.
Pilea receptacularis C.J. Chen : It occurs in China.
Pilea rostellata C.J. Chen : It occurs in western Yunnan.
Pilea rotundinucula Hayata : It occurs in Taiwan.
Pilea rubriflora C.H. Wright : It occurs in Hubei and Sichuan .
Pilea salwinensis (Handel-Mazzetti) CJ Chen : It occurs in Myanmar and western Yunnan.
Pilea scripta (Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don) Weddell : It occurs in India, Nepal, Kashmir, Bhutan, Sikkim, Myanmar, Sichuan and Yunnan.
Pilea semisessilis Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in northern Thailand and China.
Pilea sinocrassifolia C.J. Chen : It occurs in China.
Pilea sinofasciata C.J. Chen : It occurs in India, Thailand, Sikkim and China.
Pilea somae Hayata : It occurs in southern Taiwan.
Pilea spicata C.J. Chen & AK Monro (Syn .: Pilea myriantha (Dunn) CJ Chen ): It occurs in northeastern India and in southeastern Xizang.
Pilea spinulosa C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and China.
Pilea squamosa C.J. Chen : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in China.
Pilea subcoriacea (Handel-Mazzetti) CJ Chen : It occurs in China.
Pilea subedentata Chien & CJ Chen : It occurs on Hainan .
Pilea swinglei Merrill : It occurs in Myanmar and China.
Pilea symmeria Weddell : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in Xizang.
Pilea ternifolia Weddell : It occurs in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and in southern Xizang.
Pilea trianthemoides Lindl.
Pilea tsiangiana Metcalfe : It occurs in northern Vietnam and China.
Pilea umbrosa flower : It occurs in northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, Bhutan, Xizang and Yunnan.
Pilea unciformis C.J. Chen : It occurs in northern Vietnam and southeastern Yunnan.
Pilea verrucosa Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in three varieties in northern Vietnam and in China.
Pilea villicaulis Handel-Mazzetti : It occurs in southern Yunnan .
Pilea wightii Weddell : It occurs in southern India, Sri Lanka and China.

use

Some species are grown as ornamental plants. In botanical gardens , too , they sometimes form the undergrowth in tropical houses. Since these species need consistently high temperatures and high humidity, they are also well suited for terrariums .

These types include B .:

Pilea peperomioides Diels , a species from Southeast Asia also used as an ornamental plant; large, round / "taler-shaped" leaves (diameter up to 10 cm, stems up to 30 cm long; see picture)

Pilea peperomioides
Aluminum plant or Cadières cannon flower or Vietnamese cannon flower ( Pilea cadierei Gagnepain & Guillemin ), an ornamental plant from Southeast Asia with leaves marked in silver (hence the German name).
Enveloped gunner flower ( Pilea involucrata (Sims) Urb. ), A species from Central and South America with hairy leaves that are also silvery or reddish in color.
Small-leaved cannon flower ( Pilea microphylla (Linnaeus) Liebmann ). With this species, which also comes from Central and South America, the ejection of the seeds is particularly evident.
Coin-leaved cannon flower ( Pilea nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd. ); Home: Central America and tropical South America

swell

literature

Urania plant kingdom . Volume 3: Flowering Plants 1. 1. Edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1991, ISBN 3-332-00367-4 .

Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica. The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .

Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

PW Ball: Pilea Lindley . In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 80 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).

Chen Jiarui, Alex K. Monro: Pilea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 5: Ulmaceae through Basellaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X , pp. 92 (English). on-line.
David E. Boufford: Pilea. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 3: Magnoliophyta: Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 , pp. 408-411 (English). on-line.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb Chen Jiarui (陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui); Alex K. Monro: Pilea Lindley. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Urticaceae .
^ Pertti Uotila: Urticaceae. Pilea. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

Web links

Commons : Gunflower ( Pilea ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb Chen Jiarui (陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui); Alex K. Monro: Pilea Lindley. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Urticaceae .

[EuroMed-2] Pertti Uotila: Urticaceae. Pilea. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.