Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer

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Karl Wilhelm von Kupffer

Karl Wilhelm Ritter von Kupffer (November 2nd * . Jul / 14. November  1829 greg. In Lesten , Kurland in Latvia ; † 16th December 1902 in Munich ) was a Baltic German anatomist and professor. He is one of the founders of embryology .

Life

Kupffer was the first-born son of Pastor Karl Hermann Kupffer (1797–1860) and his wife Henriette geb. Andreä († 1895). In 1869 he married Ida Völckers (1831–1913), who gave him a son and a daughter.

Dorpat

After an elementary and humanist private education by his parents and a tutor was Kupffer in 1848 before a commission in Tartu the matriculation examination and a year later decided at the local university for the study of medicine , which he in 1854 with a successful exam and graduation to the Dr. med. completed.

After a short practical work as a country doctor in Courland, in 1855 Kupffer took on a position as a prosector assistant with the physiologist Friedrich Heinrich Bidder at the anatomical institute of the University of Dorpat . With a dissertation on the central nervous system doctorate he 1854 Dr. med.

In 1856/57 he devoted himself to physiology in Vienna, Berlin and Göttingen . Emil Heinrich du Bois-Reymond and Johannes Peter Müller were among his teachers . After that, from 1858 to 1865, Kupffer was first prosector and associate professor in Dorpat . The plan to take part in a North Pole expedition as a researcher failed because of the German war .

Kiel

At that time (1866), Kupffer was in Kiel and decided to do his habilitation in the subject of histology . Here he discovered the stellate cells named after him in the liver. He was appointed full professor of histology and anatomy in Kiel in 1867. In 1872/73 and 1873/74 he was rector of the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel . Walther Flemming was appointed as his successor in 1876 .

Koenigsberg

From 1875 to 1880, Kupffer taught anatomy, history of development and comparative anatomy as a full professor at the Albertus University of Königsberg . In 1879/80 he was Vice Rector of the Albertina . During Immanuel Kant's reburial at Königsberg Cathedral , he was able to examine the philosopher's brain.

See also: Kant's grave

Munich

In 1880 he finally moved to the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . In 1896/97 he was rector of the LMU for the third time. In 1901 he retired .

meaning

Kupffer worked mainly in the fields of histology and embryology . He was the first to prove that nerve fibrils end in glandular cells. In addition, he dealt with the epithelium and the glands of the stomach as well as with the structure of nerve fibers . In connection with the description of the cellular fine structure and the structuring of the protoplasm , he coined the term "paraplasma" to identify the passive cell content. The medicine also owes Kupffer the first histological description of the hepatic stellate cells ( Kupffer stellate cells or Browicz-Kupffer cells). As part of further work on the fine structure of liver tissue, he detected pre-existing cellular secretion vacuoles (bile secretion) and showed with a special staining method (Kupffer reagent) that bile capillaries occur in liver tissue . Kupffer is also considered to be a co-founder of modern embryology and comparative development history. The end section of the primitive intestine, enlarged like a bubble, of bony fish is called the "Kupffer bubble" and the sickle he discovered in bird embryos is called the "Kupffer sickle".

Honors

In 1879, Kupffer was elected a member of the Leopoldina . Furthermore he was among other things go. Council and member of the Kgl. Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1881). He was awarded numerous medals and was a member of German, Russian and American professional societies. He was a member of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors .

He was ennobled in 1889 and raised to the Bavarian nobility as Karl Wilhelm Ritter von Kupffer .

Works

  • with Friedrich Heinrich Bidder: Investigations into the texture of the spinal cord and the development of its formal elements. Leipzig 1857.
  • De embryogenesi apud chironomos observationes. Dissertation pro venia legendi, Kiel 1866.
  • Observations on the development of bony fish. In: Arch Microscope Anat. 4, 1868, pp. 209-272.
  • The relationship of the glandular nerves to gland cells. In: Arch Microscope Anat. 9. 1873, pp. 387-395.
  • Via differentiation of the protoplasm on the cells of animal tissue. In: Schr. D. natural science Ver. f. Schleswig-Holstein. 1875, pp. 229-242.
  • About star cells of the liver. In: Arch Microscope Anat. 12, 1876, pp. 353-358.
  • with Fritz Carl Bessel-Hagen : Immanuel Kant's skull. Koenigsberg 1880.
  • About the detection of the biliary capillaries and specific fibers in the liver lobules by staining. In: session area. d. Ges. F. Morphol. u. Physiol. 5, 1889, pp. 82-86.
  • About star cells of the liver. In: Anatomischer Anzeiger 14, 1898, (supplementary), pp. 80–86.
  • Via the so-called star cells of the mammalian liver. In: Arch microscope Anat development history. 54, 1899, pp. 254-288.

literature

  • Erhart Kahle:  Kupffer, Karl Ritter von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 319 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Kupffer, Karl Wilhelm . In: Julius Pagel (ed.): Biographical lexicon of outstanding doctors of the 19th century . Berlin 1901, Col. 930 f.
  • August Hirsch (Hrsg.): Biographical lexicon of the outstanding doctors of all times and peoples. Volume 3, Berlin 1929-1934, pp. 634-635.
  • Rückert: On the 70th birthday of Karl v. Kupffers. In: Münchn Med Wschr. 46 (1899), p. 1539.
  • Karl v. Bardeleben: Carl Wilhelm v. Kupffer. In: Dtsch Med Wschr. 29 (1903), p. 58.
  • Carl von Voit : In: Sitzungsber. d. math-phys. Class d. Kgl. Bayer. Akad d. Knowledge 33 (1903), pp. 492-512.
  • Chronicle d. Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich. Munich 1903, pp. 9-12.
  • Gottfried Egerer: Personal bibliography of professors and lecturers in anatomy at the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich in the approximate period from 1879–1945. Dissertation. Erlangen-Nuremberg 1970.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ De medulla spinalis textura in ranis ratione imprimis habita indolis substantiae cinereae. Dissertation.
  2. ↑ a b c Rector's speeches (HKM)
  3. ↑ Members of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors 1857
personal data
SURNAME Kupffer, Karl Wilhelm von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist and co-founder of modern embryology
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1829
PLACE OF BIRTH Lesten, Courland
DATE OF DEATH December 16, 1902
Place of death Munich