Heinrich Rathke (zoologist)

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Martin Rathke

Martin Heinrich Rathke (born August 25, 1793 in Danzig ; † September 3, 1860 in Königsberg i. Pr. ) Was a German anatomist , embryologist and zoologist .

Life

Rathke, son of the shipbuilder Georg Heinrich Rathke and his wife Catharina Elisabeth Streege, attended high school in Gdansk and studied natural history and medicine in Göttingen and Berlin from 1814 to 1818 . He then went back to Danzig as a general practitioner and became chief physician at the city hospital in 1825, and a year later he became a district physician . In 1825 he was elected to the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina . From 1829 to 1835 he was professor of physiology and pathology at the University of Dorpat .

In 1835 Rathke succeeded Karl Ernst von Baer as professor of anatomy and zoology at the Albertus University in Königsberg . In 1852/53 he was rector of the Albertina. He pushed through the construction of the anatomical institute, which was used until 1935. In 1858 he reformed the Physikum .

In 1851 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1855 he was appointed a member of the Royal Society, and in 1858 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences made him an external member. In 1860 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences .

Rathke discovered the gill arch in embryos of mammals and birds . In comparative studies of the development of the gills , he found a protuberance in the roof of the developing oral cavity. This formation, known today as the Rathke pocket , is the starting point for the development of the anterior pituitary gland . Rathke is also considered to be one of the fathers of the zoology of marine animals. He discovered the lancet fish as a separate species and studied crustaceans and molluscs .

Rathke had been married to Martha Elmire Malonek. One of his sons was the chemist Bernhard Rathke .

Works

Rathke wrote over 125 articles, monographs and books. Selection:

  • Studies on the formation and development of the crayfish. Leipzig 1829.
  • Treatises on the educational and developmental history of humans and animals. 2 volumes. FCW Vogel, Leipzig 1832-1833.
  • About the origin of the pituitary gland. In: Archives for Anatomy, Physiology and Scientific Medicine. Berlin 1838, pp. 482-485.
  • Development history of the adder. Koenigsberg 1839.
  • Remarks on the construction of Amphioxus lanceolatus, a fish from the order of the Cyclostomas. Koenigsberg 1841.
  • About the evolution of the turtle. Braunschweig 1848.
  • Investigations into the development and body structure of crocodiles. Braunschweig 1866.
  • Development history of vertebrates. Leipzig 1861.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Robert Albinus: Königsberg Lexicon . Würzburg 2002, ISBN 3-88189-441-1 .
  2. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht , Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 197.
  3. ↑ Prof. Dr. Martin Heinrich Rathke , member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
  4. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter R. Académie des sciences, accessed on February 20, 2020 (French).
  5. ^ A list of his writings was given by Gustav Zaddach : Heinrich Rathke. A memorial speech given at the Royal physical-economic society in Koenigsberg on December 21, 1860 . In: New Prussian Provincial Papers . Volume 6, Königsberg 1860, pp. 271-312.
personal data
SURNAME Rathke, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rathke, Martin Heinrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German anatomist, embryologist and zoologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 25, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Danzig
DATE OF DEATH September 3, 1860
Place of death Königsberg (Prussia)