Church am Hof ​​(Vienna)

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Church at the court
Church at the court, interior

The Kirche am Hof (also: Church of the nine choirs of angels ) is a church in Vienna that was built from 1386 to 1403 , although the main facade that dominates the square was not built until 1662. It is located on the east side of the Am Hof square in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt .

history

In the years 1386 to 1403 the Carmelites built a three-aisled Gothic hall church instead of the previous Romanesque court chapel . The master builders of the church are "Lucas Schwendtner from Magdeburg, Andreas the cellar master and 'master builder at the white brothers at the court', Mathes the Helbling, master Simon the stonemason". Andreas the cellar master is more closely referred to by Perger / Brauneis than Andreas Schuestl from Petersfreythof.

Because the church fell into disrepair due to the Reformation , the future Emperor Ferdinand I handed it over to the combative Jesuits in 1554 , whom he had called to Vienna three years earlier. After a fire in 1607, the three-aisled, Gothic nave was restored in the "Jesuit Baroque" style and the side aisles were each extended by four attached chapels. In 1625 the entrance hall of the church was built and in 1662 the widow of Emperor Ferdinand III donated it. , Eleonore von Gonzaga , an early Baroque facade with a set back central wing and a remarkable arbor , the entrance hall had to be brought forward. The plans for this monumental west facade of the church, which dominates the Am Hof square , were probably made by Carlo Antonio Carlone . For the stonework of the hard Kaiserstein is master Johann Loren table from Kaisersteinbruch documented. The choir ( visible from Steindlgasse ) is still Gothic.

In 1763 the organ gallery was built in and a new organ was installed. As the church, as a convent church of a mendicant order , did not have a bell tower, a small roof turret for a bell was built on the choir roof in 1771 .

After the Jesuit order was abolished around 1773, the church at the court was given the function of a garrison church . In 1782 Pope Pius VI. the Easter blessings Urbi et orbi from the facade altane . In the course of the Josephine church reform and the resulting new parish division of Vienna, the church was elevated to a parish church in 1783 and the Black Spaniard church was designated a new garrison church.

The classical chancel

In 1789 the chancel was rebuilt in the classicist style by the architect Johann Nepomuk Amann , including the installation of a coffered semicircular barrel and apse dome. The high altar painting with the theme "Mary, surrounded by the nine choirs of angels" dates from the same year and is a work by Johann Georg Däringer based on a design by Hubert Maurer .

On December 7, 1804, the pragmatic law was solemnly proclaimed from the balcony of the church, according to which Emperor Franz had accepted the title of Hereditary Emperor of Austria . The widespread assumption that on August 6, 1806 the declaration of Emperor Franz II on the laying down of the imperial crown was announced from the same arbor is not verifiable and is probably based on a mix-up.

From 1814 to 1852 the church was again looked after by the Jesuits. They built the cross altar in 1816. A third bell was acquired by a foundation in 1849 and the organ was restored. In 1852 it was handed over to the Archdiocese of Vienna. This had gas lighting installed in 1867. After the parish Am Hof ​​was dissolved in 1908 , the church came back into the care of the Jesuit order.

On the occasion of the Catholic Day 1983 and the 300th return of the relief battle on the Kahlenberg , Pope John Paul II made a trip to Austria. Among other things, he visited the church on September 12th and gave a speech on the subject of “work” in front of it or on the balcony. During the Pope's visit in September 2007 in the course of the 850th anniversary of the pilgrimage site Mariazell , Pope Benedict XVI. the church and then celebrated a “station service” on the balcony with thousands of believers.

Today the church serves as a place of worship for the Croatian community in Vienna.

organ

Organ loft and organ; Erected in 1763

The organ was built in 1763 by an unknown organ builder; However, it is attributed to the court organ builder Johann Friedrich Ferstl . The remarkably developed in the width of the housing with its buoyant, richly structured shape is Rococo running style. The organ has 24 stops on two manuals . The registry and the action mechanism are mechanical. In 1804 the organ was repaired or redesigned. During the First World War, the pewter prospectus pipes had to be delivered for armaments purposes and were later replaced by inferior material (zinc).

Crypt

Below the chancel there is the “choir crypt”, also known as the “Jesuit crypt”, which is around 20 meters long and extends roughly to the pulpit. It was laid out in 1662 at the instigation of Katharina Ursula, Countess von Abensperg and Traun . Around 90 Jesuits are likely to have been buried in it, including Vitus Georg Tönnemann and Maria Theresa's confessor Anton Khabes († 1771). The most recent date to be found is 1786, after which the crypt is likely to have been closed soon and was only reopened after more than 150 years in the 1930s.

Another crypt, the so-called Montecuccoli crypt, is located on the north side aisle under the Liborius Chapel. The general Raimund von Montecuccoli , the confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II, Wilhelm Lamormaini and the Jesuit martyr Karl de Boranga († 1684) are buried in it. The latter was reburied here from the choir crypt.

Albrecht Altar

4 panels on the life of Mary on the inside of the right rotating wing

The church at the court bears the patronage “ To the nine choirs of angels ”. These angel groups are also shown in the church's former Albrecht altar. This winged altar with 24 panels was donated by the Viennese citizen Oswald Oberndorffer under the government of King Albrecht II and created from 1437 to 1439 by an unknown artist with the emergency name Master of the Albrecht Altar at Klosterneuburg for the Carmelite Church at the court.

After the Jesuit order was abolished, the altarpiece was cut up into individual pictures and given to Klosterneuburg Abbey . There the pictures were shown in the museum, finally restored from 1962 to 1981 and reassembled. The altar is one of the most important works of so-called Gothic Realism in Austria. Today it is placed in the Sebastianikapelle in the Klosterneuburg collegiate church .

literature

Web links

Commons : Kirche am Hof ​​(Vienna)  - Collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Richard Perger / Walther Brauneis, The medieval churches and monasteries of Vienna, ed. by Peter Pötschner, Wiener Geschichtsbücher, Volume 19/20, Vienna / Hamburg 1977.
  2. ^ A b Felix Czeike : Vienna: Art, culture and history of the Danube metropolis ; DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2011, ISBN 978-3-7701-4348-1
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Kirche am Hof in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna accessed on 25 Sep. 2015
  4. ^ A b Larissa Cerny: Studies on the building history of the former Carmelite Church at the Court in Vienna. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, Vienna 2012.
  5. ^ Organ in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna accessed on 24 Sep. 2015
  6. ^ Report in the Wiener Zeitung of December 8, 1804, No. 98, p. 4483, accessed on August 31, 2016; Louis Carlen: Research on legal archeology and legal folklore ; Volume 12, Schulthess, Polygraphischer Verlag, 1978.
  7. ↑ So maybe first You may go back to Karl Otmar von Aretin : Holy Roman Empire 1776–1806. Imperial constitution and state sovereignty. Wiesbaden 1967, p. 506; see. also Napoleon I in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna ; accessed on 24 Sep. 2015.
  8. ^ Anton Karl Mally, What happened on Aug. 6, 1806 on the Wiener Platz Am Hof? Apparently nothing! Austria in History and Literature 43 (1999) p. 203; Eric-Oliver Mader, The Last “Priests of Justice”. Berlin 2005. pp. 150-154.
  9. ^ Pope visits in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna ; accessed on Sep. 26 2015
  10. ^ Official Journal of the Austrian Bishops' Conference, No. 44, August 15, 2007, page 6
  11. ^ Dehio: Vienna: I. District - Inner City
  12. ↑ Orgelmusik.at: Orgel am Hof ( Memento of the original from September 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; accessed on 24 Sep. 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.orgelmusik.at
  13. ^ A b Ralf Alfred Heinrich Thonemann: Jesuit crypt of the church at the court in Vienna ; accessed on Sep. 26 2015
  14. ^ A b Albrechtsaltar in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna ; accessed on 23 Sep. 2015
  15. ^ A b Niederösterreichisches Kunstlexikon: Albrechtsaltar, Klosterneuburg Abbey ; accessed on 23 Sep. 2015

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 '39.3 "  N , 16 ° 22' 6.8"  E