Resmo Church
The Church of Resmo ( Swedish Resmo kyrka ) is a Romanesque church in the village Resmo on the island of Öland in Sweden . Your special design is in Swedish with klövsadelkyrka and in German as a saddle Church called.
Churches of this type have a tower above the chancel in addition to the west tower . They are predominantly widespread in Kalmar Strait . There are also a few along the coast of Norrland . Resmo Church is located in the diocese of Växjö and is used by the Resmo-Vickleby parish, which was formed on January 1, 2006 from the parishes of Resmo and Vickleby.
history
Surname
The place name is first documented around the year 1300 as Rysme for the church village. From the church village he went over to the parish. It may contain the Öland dialect word risma , which can mean a long cloth or a piece of ripped off fabric . However, no further interpretation is possible. The ending "-mo" has only been used since the 17th century ( Resmoo Sochn , 1644).
Previous construction
The previous building of the church, probably a stave church , is one of the oldest church buildings in Sweden. A man named Sueinu is believed to be the builder of the small wooden church . A cast tombstone in the vestibule of today's church shows this name in runes .
First construction phase
Around 1070 to 1080 the subsoil around the wooden church was prepared for the construction of the stone church. During the construction phase, the wooden church was preserved for services. First the choir and apse were built, and the nave was added to the west . For acoustic reasons, the apse (the only room) had a semi-dome. The stone altar was also located in the apse . On the east side the apse had a small Romanesque arched window. The lower part of the west tower was completed after a dendrochronological investigation at the beginning of the 12th century. A wealthy patron, possibly the owner of the Resmoer watermill , is assumed to be the client . The patron was entitled to the income for church services.
The church had three entrances. One each on the north and south and west sides. The western portal led into the basement of the church tower , which served the client as a private chapel. From this room one got into the nave through a large arch . The north portal has been preserved in its original form to this day. The doorway is square; above it is a niche worked as a round arch. Portals of this type are more common in early Danish churches. The shape is unusual for Sweden . This peculiarity is interpreted as an indication that the builder came from Denmark . The south of Öland had ties to Denmark, which at the time also extended over the Swedish provinces of Blekinge and Skåne . The narrow and tall nave was built in the same way as many contemporary Danish churches. The wall paintings are believed to date from the middle of the 12th century and are among the oldest in Sweden.
Consummation of the Church
Construction was not continued for about 100 years. At the beginning of the 13th century - the church was now owned by the parish of Resmo - the west tower was completed. He received a belfry . During this time the south portal was redesigned.
Conversion to a fortified church
It was later converted into a fortified church . It was intended to protect against attacks by the heathen Baltic and Eastern Vikings . The west tower received a staircase and the barrel vault . The remodeling carried out on the east side is remarkable. The walls of the choir were reinforced on the inside and a barrel vault was placed on these walls on the ground floor. This was followed by the construction of the multi-storey tower, which was accessible from the southern wall of the choir via a staircase. Resmo Church now had two towers between which the nave stretched. The attic above the nave was temporarily used as living space and storage. Scraps of food, tools and game boards were found during investigations. On Öland there were a total of 15 of these saddle churches, which were strengthened between 1170 and 1240. However, none of them remained in their original form.
Of the two towers in Resmo, which the antiquarian Johannes Haquini Rhezelius (d. 1666) drew in 1634, only the west tower remained. The eastern tower has been preserved up to the height of the nave, so that Resmo church is called the only preserved saddle church in Öland.
Later modifications
In the 1580s, the west tower received a high spire. The nave was equipped with a flat wooden ceiling. It is believed that King John III. financed these conversions. The walls of the nave were decorated with other paintings. Arendt Lambrechtz from Emden , who was already in the service of Johann III, is assumed to be the performing artist . stood and drew for the renovation of the castle in Kalmar .
In 1677 the church was looted and burned down by Danes who occupied Öland during the Skåne War . The reconstruction of the church took a long time. A sacristy was built on the north side of the choir in the 1740s . At the same time the walls of the church were plastered and painted inside and out. The remaining paintings disappeared and were only uncovered and restored in 1931.
In 1785 further renovations took place. The windows were redesigned to large pointed arch windows and the flat ceiling of the nave was replaced with a barrel vault made of wood. In 1826, the east tower that had been preserved until then was shortened to the height of the nave. The nave and east tower were given a common roof. The shape of the west tower was also changed. The spire was replaced by a lantern .
When new benches were installed in the 1890s, today's wooden floor was laid 63 cm above the actual stone floor of the nave. A wooden floor was also installed in the choir. In 1992 the church facade was restored.
Furnishing
Due to the destruction in the Scandinavian War of 1677, little of the original equipment is left.
Paintings
The church is known for its very old wall paintings that have been preserved. The paintings in the apse and the southern window in the choir are dated to the beginning of the 12th century. The works in the triumphal arch ( Cain and Abel's sacrifice, fratricide, God cursed Cain) and the eastern wall of the nave (including: The Last Judgment ) are somewhat more recent . They date from the end of the 12th century. These paintings stand out clearly against the black background with their blue and green tones.
The oldest pieces of equipment are some of the tombstones in the basement of the tower. The oldest, the gable of a funerary monument with a runic inscription, dates from the 11th century. There is a cast in the Church of Resmo. The original is in the Kalmar Läns Museum . The original tombstones are from the 13th, 17th and 18th centuries. Another tombstone has been preserved in the choir and is dated to around 1700. The oak chest in the vestibule was also made around 1700.
organ
After the decision of the local council in 1889, the first organ was installed in the church in 1892. It came from P. L. Åkerman & Lund from Stockholm and had four voices , a manual and a pedal . Originally it should only have three voices. However, after the order was placed, another vote was added to the order. This organ was replaced in 1931 by an organ by A. Magnusson from Gothenburg and was last rebuilt in 1965 by Einar Berg. It now has ten voices, two manuals and a pedal.
- Disposition 1892
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- Disposition 1931
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- Coupling : I / P, II / P, II / I, II 16 ′ / II.
- Playing aids : fixed combinations (piano, mezzoforte, tutti), a free combination.
- Disposition 1965
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- Coupling : I / P, II / P, II / I, II 16 ′ / II.
- Playing aids : fixed combinations (piano, mezzoforte, tutti), a free combination.
Further equipment
The gallery in the nave dates back to 1787. The pulpit is based on a design by C. F. Sundwall and was created by Andreas Högström . While the font was being built in 1915, the dove above it, as well as the triumphal and altar crosses were created in 1965 by Sven-Bertil Svensson .
The altar in the choir was made by the same artists as the pulpit. In the choir there is also the painting of the Transfiguration of Christ by Anders Johan Hansson as well as a grandfather clock that was donated here around 1830 .
The furniture for the sacristy was made in the 1740s by the carpenter Christian Pilltz . The oak chest in the sacristy probably dates back to the early 18th century. The oldest altar pieces also date from the 18th century, the antependium from 1796. A kyrkstöt that was donated to the church in 1783 is remarkable . This staff served the church servant to wake up sleeping churchgoers.
Surroundings
In the parish belonging to the church there are about 100 prehistoric monuments, u. a. Grave fields, individual graves and burial mounds as well as house foundations. In addition to round stone setting, a judge's ring ( Swedish domarring ) set up stones and loops , south of the church (on the burial ground of Mysinge ) are the only passage graves on the island, which are also the easternmost in Europe.
literature
- Ragnild Boström: The Church of Resmo , leaflet without the year.
- Ragnild Boström: Resmo kyrka . In: Sveriges kyrkor; Öland . Volume 203. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm 1988, ISBN 91-7192-687-9 .
Web links
- http://olandskulturarv.ltkalmar.se/oka/bebyggelse/tpreskyrka.htm ( Memento from March 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Svenskt local dictionary. Språk- och folkminnesinstitutet, Uppsala 2003, ISBN 91-7229-020-X , p. 253.
- ↑ Boström, Church of Resmo, p. 2
- ↑ Boström, Resmo kyrka, p. 154
- ↑ a b Boström, Church of Resmo, p. 4
Coordinates: 56 ° 32 ′ 29 ″ N , 16 ° 26 ′ 37 ″ E